Severe Gestational Hypothyroidism Increases BBB Nutrient Transport in the Offspring

References

• Bala, T.S.S., Janardana Sarma, M.K. and Raghunath, M. (1996). Dietary goitrogen induced changes in the transport of 2-deoxy-D-glucose and amino acids across the rat Blood-Brain Barrier. Int. J. Devl. Neurosci. 14, 575–583.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradbury, M.W.B. (1993). The Blood-Brain Barrier. Expl. Physiol. 78, 453–472.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradford, M.M. (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal. Biochem. 72, 248–254.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brightman, M.W., Klatzo, I., Olsson, Y. and Reese, T.S. (1970). The blood-brain barrier to proteins under normal and pathological conditions. J. Neurol. Sci. 10, 215–239.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calingasan, N.Y., Sheu, F.R., Baker, H. and Gibson, G.E. (1995). Thiamine deficiency disrupts the blood-brian barrier in selective regions of rat brain. J. Neurochem. (Suppl.) 64, S16B.
   Google Scholar
• Daniel, P.M., Love, E.R. and Pratt, O.E. (1975). Hypothyroidism and amino acid entry into brain and muscle. Lancet ii, 872.
   Google Scholar
• Dische, Z. (1955). Color reactions of nucleic acid components. In “The Nucleic acids”, Chargaff, E. and Davidson, J.N. (Eds.), Vol. 1, Academic Press, New York, pp. 285–305.
   Google Scholar
• Dussault, J.H. and Ruel, J. (1987) Thyroid hormones and brain development. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 49, 321–334.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaitan, E. (1990) Goitrogens in food and water. Annu. Rev. Nutr. 10, 21–39.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geel, S.E., Valcana, T. and Timiras, PS. (1967). Effect of neonatal hypothyroidism and of thyroxine on L-(14-C) leucine incorporation in protein in vivo and the relationship to ionic levels in the developing brain of the rat. Brain Res. 4, 143–150.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Goldstein, G.W. and Betz, A.L. (1986). The Blood-Brain Barrier. Scientific American 255, 74–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gourdon, J., Clos, J., Coste, C., Dainat, J. and Legrand, J. (1973) Comparative effects of hypothyroidism and undernutrition on the protein and nucleic acid contents of the cerebellum in the young rat. J. Neurochem. 21, 861–871.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harata, N. and Iwasaki, Y. (1995). Evidence for early Blood-Brain Barrier breakdown in experimental thiamine deficiency in the mouse. Metabolic Brain Disease 10, 159–174.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hetzel, B.S. and Hay, I.D. (1979). Thyroid function, iodine nutrition and fetal brain development. Clin. Endocrinol. 11, 445–460.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoch, F.L., Subramanian, C., Dhopheswarkar, G.A. and Mead, J.F. (1981). Thyroid control over biomembranes: VI. Lipids in liver mitochondria and microsomes of hypothyroid rats. Lipids 16, 328–335.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacoby, J.H., Mueller, G. and Wurtman, R.J. (1975). Thyroid state and brain monoamine metabolism. Endocrinology 97, 1332–1335.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, G.L., Golder, R.H. and Miller, E.E. (1951). Determination of pentoses: effect of varying proportions of components of Bial's color reagent. Anal. Chem. 23, 903–905.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mooradian, A.D. (1990). Metabolic fuel and amino acid transport into the brain in experimental hypothyroidism. Acta Endocrinologica 122, 156–162.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Moore, T.J., Line, A.P. and Regen, D.M. (1973). Effect of thyroid hormone on cerebral glucose metabolism in the infant rat. Am. J. Physiol. 225, 925–929.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oldendorf, W.H. (1971). Brain uptake of radiolabelled amino acids, amines and hexoses after arterial injection. Am. J. Physiol. 221, 1629–1639.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oztas, B., Kaya, M. and Camurcu, S. (1992). Influence of profound hypothermia on the Blood-Brain Barrier permeability during acute arterial hypertension. Pharmacological Res. 26, 75–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pahuja, D.N. and De Luca, H.F. (1982). Thyroid hormone and vitamin D metabolism in the rat. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 213, 293–298.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pardridge, W.M. (1988). Recent advances in Blood-Brain Barrier transport. Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 28, 25–39.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Persson, L.I. and Hanson, H.A. (1976). Reversible blood-brain barrier dysfunction to peroxidase after a small stab in the rat cerebral cortex. Acta Neuropathol. (Berl) 35, 333–342.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Persson, L.I., Rosengren, L.E. and Hanson, H.A. (1978). Ultrastructural studies on blood-brain barrier dysfunction around cerebral stab wounds, aggravated by acute ethanol intoxication. Acta Neurol. Scand. 57, 405–417.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajan, R.R. and Katyare, S.S. (1982). Effect of 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine on cellular growth and oxygen consumption in neonatal rat brain. Experimentia 38, 1110–1114.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rodriguez-Pena, A., Ibarrola, N., Iniquez, M.A., Munoz, A. and Bernal, J. (1993). Neonatal hypothyroidism affects the timely expression of myelin associated glycoprotein in the rat brain. J. Clin. Invest. 91, 812–818.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rusengren, L., Persson, L. and Johanson, B. (1977). Enhanced blood-brain barrier leakage to evans blue labelled albumin after air embolism in ethanol intoxicated rats. Acta Neuropathol. (Berl) 38, 149–152.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salvati, S., Attorri, L., Campeggi, L.M., Olivieri, A., Sorcini, M., Fortuna, S. and Pintor, A. (1994). Effect of propyl thiouracil-induced hypothyroidism on cerebral cortex of young and adult rats: Lipid composition of synaptosomes. Muscarinic receptor sites and acetyl cholinesterase activity. Neurochem. Res. 19, 1181–1186.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schulze, C. and Firth, J.A. (1992). Inter endothelial junctions during blood-brain barrier development in the rat: Morphological changes at the level of individual tight junctional content. Dev. Brain. Res. 69, 85–95.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shaw, M.J. and Hoch, F.L. (1976). Thyroid control over biomembranes. II. Rat liver nuclei. Life Sci. 19, 1359–1364.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stanley, M.M. and Astwood, E.B. (1947). Determination of the relative activities of antithyroid compounds in man using radioactive iodine. Endocrinology, 41, 66.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sunita, Y., Udaykumar, P. and Raghunath, M. (1997). Changes in Blood-Brain Barrier nutrient transport in the offspring of iodine deficient rats and their preventability. Neurochem. Res. 22, 785–790.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tacconi, M.T., Cizza, G., Fumagalli, G., Sartori, PS. and Salmona, M. (1991). Effect of hypothyroidism induced in adult rats on brain membrane fluidity and lipid content and composition. Res. Comn. in Chemical Pathol. Pharmacol. 71, 85–103.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Visweswara Rao, K. (Ed.) (1994). Biostatistics. A Manual of Statistical Methods for use in Health and Nutrition. Vol. 2, pp. 141–258, NIN/ICMR, New Delhi, India.
   Google Scholar
• Weichsel, Jr., M.E. and Dawson, L. (1976). Effects of hypothyroidism and undernutrition on DNA content and thymidine kinase activity during cerebellar development in the rat. J. Neurochem. 26, 675–681.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar