Dual behavior of N-acetylcysteine during ethanol-induced oxidative stress in embryonic chick brains

References

• May PA, Gossage JP. Estimating the prevalence of fetal alcoholism: A summary. [Internet]. Bethesda: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; 2015. http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/arh25-3/159-167.htm.
   Google Scholar
• Sampson PD, Streissguth AP, Bookstein FL, Little RE, Clarren SK, DeFahene P et al. Incidence of fetal alcohol syndrome and prevalence of alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder. Teratology, 1997;56(5):317–26. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9926(199711)56:5<317::AID-TERA5>3.0.CO;2-U
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Preliminary results from 1997 national household survey on drug abuse. [Internet]. Substance abuse and mental health statistics source book. Rockville: Substance Abuse and Mental Services Administration; 1998. http://www.cspinet.org/booze/fas.htm.
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control. Preventing secondary conditions in children with fetal alcohol syndrome. [Internet] (United States); 1999. http://www.cdcgov/nceh/programs/fas/factsheets/secondary/faqfas.htm.
   Google Scholar
• Ozaras R, Tahan V, Aydin S, Uzun H, Kaya S, Senturk H. N-acetylcysteine attenuates alcohol-induced oxidative stress in rat. World J Gastroenterol 2003;9(1):125–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ronis MJ, Butura A, Sampey BP, Shankar KR, Priol L, Korourian S et al. Effects of N-acetylcysteine on ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats fed via total enteral nutrition. Free Radical Biol Med 2005;39(5):619–30. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2005.04.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang AL, Wang JP, Wang H, Chen YH, Zhao L, Wang LS et al. A dual effect of N-acetylcysteine on acute ethanol-induced liver damage in mice. Hepatol Res 2006;34(3):199–206. doi: 10.1016/j.hepres.2005.12.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abdelmegeed MA, Banerjee A, Jang S, Yoo SH, Yun JW, Gonzalez FJ et al. CYP2E1 potentiates binge alcohol-induced gut leakiness, steatohepatitis, and apoptosis. Free Radical Biol Med 2013;65:1238–45. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.09.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller Jr RR. Ethanol-induced lipid peroxidation and apoptosis in embryopathy. In: Watson RR, Preedy VR, Zibadi S, (eds.) Alcohol, nutrition, and health consequences. New York: Springer Science; 2013. p. 35–62.
   Google Scholar
• Ramachandran V, Watts LT, Maffi SK, Chen J, Schenker S, Henderson G. Ethanol-induced oxidative stress precedes mitochondrially mediated apoptotic death of cultured fetal cortical neurons. J Neurosci Res 2003;74(4):577–88. doi: 10.1002/jnr.10767
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hancock ML, Miller Jr RR. Resveratrol can only partially attenuate ethanol-induced oxidative stress in embryonic chick brains. Nutr Neurosci 2006;9(3–4):121–29. doi: 10.1080/10284150600841547
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walcher BN, Miller Jr RR. Ethanol-induced increased endogenous homocysteine levels and decreased ratios of SAM/SAH are only partially attenuated by exogenous glycine in developing chick brains. Comp Biochem Physiol Part C 2008;147(1):11–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnett RK, Booms SL, Gura T, Gushrowski M, Miller Jr RR. Exogenous folate ameliorates ethanol-induced brain hyperhomocysteinemia and exogenous ethanol reduces taurine levels in chick embryos. Comp Biochem Physiol Part C 2009;150(1):107–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berning EJ, Bernhardson N, Coleman K, Farhat DA, Gushrowski CM, Lanctot A et al. Ethanol- and/or taurine-induced oxidative stress in chick embryos. J Amino Acids 2013; article ID 240537, 11 pages. http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jaa/2013/240537/abs/
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hamburger V, Hamilton HL. A series of normal stages in the development of the chick embryo. J Morphol 1951;88:49–92. doi: 10.1002/jmor.1050880104
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller Jr RR, Taylor CL, Spidle DL, Ugolini AM, Nothdorf RA. Ethanol-induced decreases in membrane long-chain unsaturated fatty acids correlate with impaired chick brain development. Comp Biochem Physiol Part B 1996;115(4):465–74. doi: 10.1016/S0305-0491(96)00186-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller Jr RR, Slathar JR, Luvisotto ML. α-Tocopherol and γ-tocopherol attenuate ethanol-induced changes in membrane fatty acid composition in embryonic chick brains. Teratology 2000;62(1):26–35. doi: 10.1002/1096-9926(200007)62:1<26::AID-TERA7>3.0.CO;2-1
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Miller Jr RR, Olson BM, Rorick N, Wittingen AL, Bullock M. Embryonic exposure to exogenous α- and γ-tocopherol partially attenuates ethanol-induced changes in brain morphology and brain membrane fatty acid composition. Nutr Neurosci 2003;6(4):201–12. doi: 10.1080/1028415031000119329
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wentzel P, Eriksson UJ. Genetic influence on dymorphogenesis in embryos from different rat strains exposed to ethanol in vivo and in vitro. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2008;32(5):874–87. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2008.00647.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dringen R, Hamprecht B. N-acetylcysteine, but not methionine or 2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate, serves as cysteine donor for the synthesis of glutathione in cultured neurons derived from embryonal rat brain. Neurosci Lett 1999;259(2):79–82. doi: 10.1016/S0304-3940(98)00894-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rushworth GF, Megson IL. Existing and potential therapeutic uses for N-acetylcysteine: The need for conversion to intracellular glutathione for antioxidant benefits. Pharmacol Ther 2014;141(2):150–9. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.09.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guemouri L, Artur Y, Herbeth B, Jeandel C, Cuny G, Siest G. Biological variability of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase in blood. Clin Chem 1991;37(11):1932–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Margis R, Dunand C, Teixeira FK, Margis-Pinheiro M. Glutathione peroxidase family – an evolutionary overview. Fed Europe Biochem Soc J 2008;275(15):3959–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solov'eva ME, Solov'ev VV, Faskhutdinova AA, Kudryavtsev AA, Akatov VS. Prooxidant and cytotoxic action of N-acetylcysteine and glutathione in combinations with vitamin B12b. Cell Tissue Biol 2007;1(1):40–49. doi: 10.1134/S1990519X07010063
   Google Scholar
• Surai PF. Tissue-specific changes in the activities of antioxidant enzymes during the development of the chicken embryo. Br Poultry Sci 1999;40(3):397–405. doi: 10.1080/00071669987511
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parnell SE, Sulik KK, Dehart DB, Chen SY. Reduction of ethanol-induced ocular abnormalities in mice through dietary administration of N-acetylcysteine. Alcohol 2010;44(7–8):699–705. doi: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2010.05.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folch J, Lees M, Sloane Stanley GH. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. J Biol Chem 1957;226(1):497–509.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dittmer JC, Wells MA. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of lipids and lipid components. Methods Enzymol 1969;14:484–530.
   Google Scholar
• Metcalfe LD, Schmitz AA, Pelka JR. Rapid preparation of fatty acid esters from lipids for gas chromatographic analysis. Anal Chem 1966;38:514–5. doi: 10.1021/ac60235a044
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mihaljević B, Katušin-Ražem B, Ražem D. The reevaluation of the ferric thiocyanate assay for lipid hydroperoxides with special considerations of the mechanistic aspects of the response. Free Radical Biol Med 1966;21(1):53–63. doi: 10.1016/0891-5849(95)02224-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson ME. Determination of glutathione and glutathione disulfide in biological samples. Methods Enzymol 1985;113:548–55. doi: 10.1016/S0076-6879(85)13073-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson ME, Alton M. Preparation of gamma-glutamyl amino acids by chemical and enzymatic methods. Methods Enzymol 1985;113:555–64. doi: 10.1016/S0076-6879(85)13074-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradford MM. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem 1976;72:248–54. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paglia DE, Valentine WN. Studies on the quantitative and qualitative characterization of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase. J Lab Clin Med 1967;70(1):158–69.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu W, Goldstein G, Adams C, Matthews RH, Ercal N. Separation and quantification of N-acetyl-L-cysteine and N-acetyl-cysteine-amide by HPLC with fluorescence detection. Biomed Chromatogr 2006;20(5):415–22. doi: 10.1002/bmc.583
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cole NW, Weaver KR, Walcher BN, Adams Z, Miller Jr RR. Hyperglycemia-induced membrane lipid peroxidation and elevated homocysteine levels are poorly attenuated by exogenous folate in embryonic chick brains. Comp Biochem Physiol Part B 2008;150(3):338–43. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2008.04.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller Jr RR. Alcohol-induced membrane lipid peroxidation. In: Watson RR, Preedy VR, (eds.) Nutrition and alcohol: linking nutrient interactions and dietary intake. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2004. p. 339–64.
   Google Scholar
• Cherian G, Gopalakrishnan N, Akiba Y, Sim JS. Effect of maternal dietary n-3 fatty acids on the accretion of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the tissues of developing chick embryo. Biol Neonate 1997;72(3):165–74. doi: 10.1159/000244480
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cherian G, Sim JS. Maternal dietary α-linolenic acid (18:3 n-3) alters n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism and liver enzyme activity in hatched chicks. Poult Sci 2001;80(7):901–5. doi: 10.1093/ps/80.7.901
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castro LF, Monroig O, Leaver MJ, Wilson J, Cunha I, Tocher DR. Functional desaturase Fads1 (Δ5) and Fads2 (Δ6) orthologues evolved before the origin of jawed vertebrates. PLoS One 2012;7(2):e31950. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031950
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gakhar N, Goldberg E, Jing M, Gibson R, House JD. Effect of feeding hemp seed and hemp seed oil on laying hen performance and egg yolk fatty acid content: Evidence of their safety and efficacy for laying hen diets. Poult Sci 2012;91(3):701–11. doi: 10.3382/ps.2011-01825
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jing M, Gakhar N, Gibson RA, House JD. Dietary and ontogenic regulation of fatty acid desaturase and elongase expression in broiler chickens. Prostaglandins Leukotr Essent Fatty Acids 2013;89(2–3):107–13. doi: 10.1016/j.plefa.2013.05.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhathena SJ. Fatty acids and diabetes. In: Chow CK, (ed.) Fatty acids in foods and their health implications. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc; 1992. p. 823–55.
   Google Scholar
• Freeman BM, Manning AC. Glycogenolysis and lipolysis in Gallus domesticus during the perinatal period. Comp Gen Pharmacol 1971;2(6):198–204. doi: 10.1016/0010-4035(71)90011-5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hilscherova K, Blakenship AL, Nie M, Coady KK, Upham BL, Trosko JE et al. Oxidative stress in liver and brain of the hatchling chicken (Gallus domesticus) following in ovo injection of TCCD. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part C 2003;136(1):29–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ercal N, Treeratphan P, Hammond TC, Matthews RH, Grannemann NH, Spitz DR. In vivo indices of oxidative stress in lead-exposed C57BL/6 mice are reduced by treatment with meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid or N-acetylcysteine. Free Radical Biol Med 1996;21(2):157–61. doi: 10.1016/0891-5849(96)00020-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuida K, Haydar TF, Kuan C-Y, Gu Y, Taya C, Karasuyama H et al. Reduced apoptosis and cytochrome c-mediated caspase activation in mice lacking caspase 9. Cell 1998;94(3):325–37. doi: 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81476-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson R, Kalmus G, Pennington SN. Alcohol dehydrogenase activity in the developing chick embryo. Comp Biochem Physiol Part B 1984;77(1):191–6. doi: 10.1016/0305-0491(84)90242-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller Jr RR, Touney EJ, Vandivier WJ, Raymond FJ. A developmental profile of the effects of ethanol on the levels of chick brain phospholipids. Comp Biochem Physiol Part C 1998;120(1):91–98.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayden MR, Tyagi SC. Homocysteine and reactive oxygen species in metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and artheroscleropathy: The pleiotropic effects of folate supplementation. Nutr J 2004;3:4–36. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-3-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sagara J, Bannai S, Shikano N, Makino N. Conflicting effects of N-acetylcysteine on purified neurons derived from rat cortical culture. Neuroreport 2010;21(6):416–21. doi: 10.1097/WNR.0b013e328337765c
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lohrke B, Xu J, Weitzel JM, Krüger B, Goldammer T, Viergutz T. N-acetylcysteine impairs survival of luteal cells through mitochondrial dysfunction. Cytometry Part A 2010;77A(4):310–20. doi: 10.1002/cyto.a.20873
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samuni Y, Goldstein S, Dean OM, Berk M. The chemistry and biological activities of N-acetylcysteine. Biochem Biophys Acta 2013;1830(8):4117–29. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.04.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar