Breakfast consumption and mental health: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

References

• Lopez AD, Mathers CD, Ezzati M, Jamison DT, Murray CJ. Global and regional burden of disease and risk factors, 2001: systematic analysis of population health data. Lancet (London, England). 2006;367(9524):1747–57.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lopez AD, Mathers CD, Ezzati M, Jamison DT, Murray CJ. Global burden of disease and risk factors. New York: The World Bank; 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Naghavi M, Abolhassani F, Pourmalek F, Lakeh M, Jafari N, Vaseghi S, et al. The burden of disease and injury in Iran 2003. Popul Health Metr. 2009;7:9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kang HJ, Bae KY, Kim SW, Lee EH, Kim JT, Park MS, et al. Impact of acute phase depression on functional outcomes in stroke patients over 1 year. Psychiatry Res. 2018;267:228–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haigh EA, Bogucki OE, Dearborn PJ, Robbins MA, Elias MF. Depressive symptoms prospectively predict cardiovascular disease among older adults: findings from the Maine-Syracuse longitudinal study. J Health Psychol. 2018. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105318782375.
   Google Scholar
• Seldenrijk A, Vogelzangs N, Batelaan NM, Wieman I, van Schaik DJ, Penninx BJ. Depression, anxiety and 6-year risk of cardiovascular disease. J Psychosom Res. 2015;78(2):123–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Organization WH. Mental health: facing the challenges, building solutions: report from the WHO European Ministerial Conference. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office Europe; 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Hjorthoj C, Ostergaard ML, Benros ME, Toftdahl NG, Erlangsen A, Andersen JT, et al. Association between alcohol and substance use disorders and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and unipolar depression: a nationwide, prospective, register-based study. Lancet Psychiatry. 2015;2(9):801–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Neil CE, Byrd-Bredbenner C, Hayes D, Jana L, Klinger SE, Stephenson-Martin S. The role of breakfast in health: definition and criteria for a quality breakfast. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2014;114(12 Suppl):S8–s26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barr SI, DiFrancesco L, Fulgoni VL. Breakfast consumption is positively associated with nutrient adequacy in Canadian children and adolescents – corrigendum. Br J Nutr. 2015;113(1):1373–83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazzeri G, Ahluwalia N, Niclasen B, Pammolli A, Vereecken C, Rasmussen M, et al. Trends from 2002 to 2010 in daily breakfast consumption and its socio-demographic correlates in adolescents across 31 countries participating in the HBSC study. PLoS one. 2016;11(3):e0151052.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dykstra H, Davey A, Fisher JO, Polonsky H, Sherman S, Abel ML, et al. Breakfast-skipping and selecting low-nutritional-quality foods for breakfast are common among low-income urban children, regardless of food security status. J Nutr. 2016;146(3):630–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alexy U, Wicher M, Kersting M. Breakfast trends in children and adolescents: frequency and quality. Public Health Nutr. 2010;13(11):1795–802.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith AP. Breakfast and mental health. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 1998;49(5):397–402.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rampersaud GC, Pereira MA, Girard BL, Adams J, Metzl JD. Breakfast habits, nutritional status, body weight, and academic performance in children and adolescents. J Am Diet Assoc. 2005;105(5):743–60.; quiz 61–2.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• O'Sullivan TA, Robinson M, Kendall GE, Miller M, Jacoby P, Silburn SR, et al. A good-quality breakfast is associated with better mental health in adolescence. Public Health Nutr. 2009;12(2):249–58.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khalid S, Williams CM, Reynolds SA. Is there an association between diet and depression in children and adolescents? A systematic review. Br J Nutr. 2016;116(12):2097–108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Neil A, Quirk SE, Housden S, Brennan SL, Williams LJ, Pasco JA, et al. Relationship between diet and mental health in children and adolescents: a systematic review. Am J Public Health. 2014;104(10):e31–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wesnes KA, Pincock C, Richardson D, Helm G, Hails S. Breakfast reduces declines in attention and memory over the morning in schoolchildren. Appetite. 2003;41(3):329–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wells G, Shea B, O’Connell D, Peterson J, Welch V, Losos M. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in metaanalyses [Internet].[cited 2018 May 1]. 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Afifi M, Al Riyami A, Morsi M, Al Kharusil H. Depressive symptoms among high school adolescents in Oman. East Mediterr Health J. 2006;12(Suppl 2):S126–37.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lien L. Is breakfast consumption related to mental distress and academic performance in adolescents? Public Health Nutr. 2007;10(4):422–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaplin K, Smith AP. Breakfast and snacks: associations with cognitive failures, minor injuries, accidents and stress. Nutrients. 2011;3(5):515–28.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arbour-Nicitopoulos KP, Faulkner GE, Irving HM. Multiple health-risk behaviour and psychological distress in adolescence. J Can Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2012;21(3):171–8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lovell GP, Nash K, Sharman R, Lane BR. A cross-sectional investigation of depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms and health-behavior participation in Australian university students. Nurs Health Sci. 2015;17(1):134–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tajik E, Latiffah AL, Awang H, Siti Nur'Asyura A, Chin YS, Azrin Shah AB, et al. Unhealthy diet practice and symptoms of stress and depression among adolescents in Pasir Gudang, Malaysia. Obes Res Clin Pract. 2016;10(2):114–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanihata T, Kanda H, Osaki Y, Ohida T, Minowa M, Wada K, et al. Unhealthy lifestyle, poor mental health, and its correlation among adolescents: a nationwide cross-sectional survey. Asia Pacific J Public Health. 2015;27(2):NP1557–65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahadi Z, Kelishadi R, Qorbani M, Zahedi H, Aram M, Motlagh ME, et al. Association of breakfast intake with psychiatric distress and violent behaviors in Iranian children and adolescents: the CASPIAN- IV study. Indian J Pediatr. 2016;83(9):922–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richards G, Smith AP. Breakfast and energy drink consumption in secondary school children: breakfast omission, in isolation or in combination with frequent energy drink use, is associated with stress, anxiety, and depression cross-sectionally, but not at 6-month follow-up. Front Psychol. 2016;7:106.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwak Y, Kim Y. Association between mental health and meal patterns among elderly Koreans. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2018;18(1):161–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee SA, Park EC, Ju YJ, Lee TH, Han E, Kim TH. Breakfast consumption and depressive mood: A focus on socioeconomic status. Appetite. 2017;114:313–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hong SA, Peltzer K. Dietary behaviour, psychological well-being and mental distress among adolescents in Korea. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health. 2017;11:56.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee G, Han K, Kim H. Risk of mental health problems in adolescents skipping meals: the Korean national health and nutrition examination survey 2010 to 2012. Nurs Outlook. 2017;65(4):411–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang C, Momma H, Cui Y, Chujo M, Otomo A, Sugiyama S, et al. Independent and combined relationship of habitual unhealthy eating behaviors with depressive symptoms: a prospective study. J Epidemiol. 2017;27(1):42–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bucci M, Marques SS, Oh D, Harris NB. Toxic stress in children and adolescents. Adv Pediatr. 2016;63(1):403–28.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brenneisen Mayer F, Santos I S, Silveira PS, Itaqui Lopes MH, de Souza AR, Campos EP, et al. Factors associated to depression and anxiety in medical students: a multicenter study. BMC Med Educ. 2016;16(1):282.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Whiteford HA, Degenhardt L, Rehm J, Baxter AJ, Ferrari AJ, Erskine HE, et al. Global burden of disease attributable to mental and substance use disorders: findings from the global burden of disease study 2010. Lancet. 2013;382(9904):1575–86.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beydoun MA, Fanelli Kuczmarski MT, Beydoun HA, Hibbeln JR, Evans MK, Zonderman AB. ω-3 fatty acid intakes are inversely related to elevated depressive symptoms among United States women. J Nutr. 2013;143(11):1743–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beydoun MA, Beydoun HA, Boueiz A, Shroff MR, Zonderman AB. Antioxidant status and its association with elevated depressive symptoms among US adults: national health and nutrition examination surveys 2005–6. Br J Nutr. 2013;109(9):1714–29.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beydoun MA, Shroff MR, Beydoun HA, Zonderman AB. Serum folate, vitamin B-12, and homocysteine and their association with depressive symptoms among U.S. adults. Psychosom Med. 2010;72(9):862–73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miki T, Eguchi M, Kuwahara K, Kochi T, Akter S, Kashino I, et al. Breakfast consumption and the risk of depressive symptoms: the Furukawa nutrition and health study. Psychiatry Res. 2019;273:551–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrer-Cascales R, Sanchez-SanSegundo M, Ruiz-Robledillo N, Albaladejo-Blazquez N, Laguna-Perez A, Zaragoza-Marti A. Eat or skip breakfast? The important role of breakfast quality for health-related quality of life, stress and depression in Spanish adolescents. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15(8):1781–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrer-Cascales R, Sanchez-SanSegundo M. Eat or skip breakfast? The important role of breakfast quality for health-related quality of life. Stress Depression Span Adolesc. 2018;15(8):1781–90
   Google Scholar
• Eaton NR, Keyes KM, Krueger RF, Balsis S, Skodol AE, Markon KE, et al. An invariant dimensional liability model of gender differences in mental disorder prevalence: evidence from a national sample. J Abnorm Psychol. 2012;121(1):282–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seedat S, Scott KM, Angermeyer MC, Berglund P, Bromet EJ, Brugha TS, et al. Cross-national associations between gender and mental disorders in the World Health Organization World mental health surveys. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2009;66(7):785–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maji S. Society and 'good woman': a critical review of gender difference in depression. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2018;64(4):396–405.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matud MP, López-Curbelo M, Fortes D. Gender and psychological well-being. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(19):1351–41.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tuman TC, Topal Z, Demir N, Arisoy O, Taskiran S, Tufan AE. Possible exogenous growth hormone induced mood disorder with mixed features in a child. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2015;25(3):277–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arwert LI, Deijen JB, Muller M, Drent ML. Long-term growth hormone treatment preserves GH-induced memory and mood improvements: a 10-year follow-up study in GH-deficient adult men. Horm Behav. 2005;47(3):343–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stein AD, Barros FC, Bhargava SK, Hao W, Horta BL, Lee N, et al. Birth status, child growth, and adult outcomes in low- and middle-income countries. J Pediatr. 2013;163(6):1740–1746.e4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freier S, Eran M, Reinus C, Ariel I, Faber J, Wilschanski M, et al. Relative expression and localization of the insulin-like growth factor system components in the fetal, child and adult intestine. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2005;40(2):202–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaeppler AK, Erath SA. Linking social anxiety with social competence in early adolescence: physiological and coping moderators. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2017;45(2):371–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mansouri M, Hasani-Ranjbar S, Yaghubi H, Rahmani J, Tabrizi YM, Keshtkar A. Breakfast consumption pattern and its association with overweight and obesity among university students: a population-based study. Eat Weight Disord. 2018;25(2):379–87.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chatelan A, Castetbon K, Pasquier J, Allemann C, Zuber A, Camenzind-Frey E, et al. Association between breakfast composition and abdominal obesity in the Swiss adult population eating breakfast regularly. Int J Behav Nutr PhysAct. 2018;15(1):115.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Khan A, Khan SR, Burton NW. Missing breakfast is associated with overweight and obesity in Bangladeshi adolescents. Acta Paediatr. 2019;108(1):178–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cui J, Sun X, Li X, Ke M, Sun J, Yasmeen N, et al. Association between different indicators of obesity and depression in adults in Qingdao, China: a cross-sectional study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2018;9:549.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Dammen L, Wekker V, de Rooij SR, Groen H, Hoek A, Roseboom TJ. A systematic review and meta-analysis of lifestyle interventions in women of reproductive age with overweight or obesity: the effects on symptoms of depression and anxiety. Obes Rev. 2018;19(12):1679–87.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sadeghi O, Hassanzadeh-Keshteli A, Afshar H, Esmaillzadeh A, Adibi P. The association of whole and refined grains consumption with psychological disorders among Iranian adults. Eur J Nutr. 2017;58(1):211–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anjom-Shoae J, Sadeghi O, Hassanzadeh Keshteli A, Afshar H, Esmaillzadeh A, Adibi P. The association between dietary intake of magnesium and psychiatric disorders among Iranian adults: a cross-sectional study. Br J Nutr. 2018;120(6):693–702.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bravo R, Matito S, Cubero J, Paredes SD, Franco L, Rivero M, et al. Tryptophan-enriched cereal intake improves nocturnal sleep, melatonin, serotonin, and total antioxidant capacity levels and mood in elderly humans. Age (Omaha). 2013;35(4):1277–85.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wallin MS, Rissanen AM. Food and mood: relationship between food, serotonin and affective disorders. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1994;89:36–40.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Lee L, Quah PL, Saw SM, Yap FKP, Godfrey KM, Chong YS, et al. Maternal choline status during pregnancy, but not that of betaine, is related to antenatal mental well-being: the growing up in Singapore toward healthy outcomes cohort. Depress Anxiety. 2017;34(10):877–87.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riley CA, Renshaw PF. Brain choline in major depression: a review of the literature. Psychiatry ResNeuroimaging. 2018;271:142–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar