Shifting meanings in changing contexts: the role of the creative city in Shanghai, Hong Kong and Taipei

References

• Abbas, Ackbar. 1997. Hong Kong: Culture and the Politics of Disappearance. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Abbas, Ackbar. 2000. “Cosmopolitan De-scriptions: Shanghai and Hong Kong.” Public Culture 12 (3): 769–786. doi:10.1215/08992363-12-3-769.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson, Benedict. 2006. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. 3rd ed. London: Verso.
   Google Scholar
• Brenner, Neil, and Nik Theodore. 2002. “Cities and the Geographies of ‘Actually Existing Neoliberalism.” Antipode 34 (3): 349–379. doi:10.1111/1467-8330.00246.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buck, Daniel. 2000. “Growth, Disintegration, and Decentralization: The Construction of Taiwan’s Industrial Networks.” Environment and Planning A 32 (2): 245–262. doi:10.1068/a31170.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang, Bi-Yu. 2004. “From Taiwanisation to De-sinification. Culture Construction in Taiwan since the 1990s.” China Perspectives (56). Accessed April 19, 2018. http://chinaperspectives.revues.org/438
   Google Scholar
• CHC (Culture and Heritage Commission). 2003. Culture and Heritage Commission Policy Recommendation Report. Culture and Heritage Commission. Accessed April 19, 2018. http://www.hkaaa.org.hk/
   Google Scholar
• Chiu, Shu-Yi, and Wen-Yi Lin. 2014. “Jiangou chuangyi chengshi: Taibei shi zai zhengce lunshu shang de misi yu xianzhi.” Dili Xuebao 72 (1): 57–84.
   Google Scholar
• Chu, Stephen. 2012. “Brand Hong Kong: Asia’s World City as Method?” In Hybrid Hong Kong, edited by Kwok B. Chan, 95–107. Oxon: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Chun, Allen. 1994. “From Nationalism to Nationalizing: Cultural Imagination and State Formation in Postwar Taiwan.” Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs 31 (Jan): 49–69. doi:10.2307/2949900.
   Google Scholar
• Cochrane, Allan. 2007. Understanding Urban Policy: A Critical Introduction. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Comunian, Roberta. 2011. “Rethinking the Creative City: The Role of Complexity, Networks and Interactions in the Urban Creative Economy.” Urban Studies 48 (6): 1157–1179. doi:10.1177/0042098010370626.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CSD (Census and Statistics Department). 2013. The Four Key Industries and Other Selected Industries. HKSAR Government. Accessed April 19, 2018. http://www.censtatd.gov.hk/
   Google Scholar
• DBAS (Department of Budget, Accounting and Statistics). 2017. Taibei shi difang zong yusuan. Taipei City Government. Accessed April 19, 2018. http://dbas.gov.taipei/ct.asp?xItem=61249&ctNode=31636&mp=120001
   Google Scholar
• DCA (Department of Cultural Affairs). 2006. Taibei shi 95 nian wenhua zhibiao diaocha. Taipei: Taipei City Government.
   Google Scholar
• Evans, Graeme. 2009. “Creative Cities, Creative Spaces and Urban Policy.” Urban Studies 46 (5/6): 1003–1040. doi:10.1177/0042098009103853.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Executive Yuan. 2002. Tiaozhan 2008: guojia fazhan zhongdian jihua (2002-2007). Executive Yuan of the ROC. Accessed April 19, 2018. http://www.teg.org.tw/files/events/2002.05.31.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Florida, Richard. 2002. The Rise of the Creative Class: And How It’s Transforming Work, Leisure, Community and Everyday Life. New York: Basic Books.
   Google Scholar
• Florida, Richard. 2005. Cities and the Creative Class. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Florida, Richard. 2008. Who’s Your City? How the Creative Economy is Making Where You Live the Most Important Decision of Your Life. New York: Basic Books.
   Google Scholar
• Florida, Richard. 2012. The Rise of the Creative Class: Revisited. New York: Basic Books.
   Google Scholar
• Florida, Richard. 2017. The New Urban Crisis: How Our Cities Are Increasing Inequality, Deepening Segregation, and Failing the Middle Class – And What We Can Do about It. New York: Basic Books.
   Google Scholar
• Friedmann, John. 1986. “The World City Hypothesis.” Development and Change 17 (1): 69–83. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7660.1986.tb00231.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FSTB (Financial Services and the Treasury Bureau). 2017. Previous Budgets. HKSAR Government. Accessed October 16, 2017. https://www.budget.gov.hk/2017/eng/previous.html
   Google Scholar
• Grodach, Carl, and Daniel Silver, eds. 2013. The Politics of Urban Cultural Policy: Global Perspectives. Oxon: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Gu, Xin. 2012. “The Art of Re-industrialisation in Shanghai.” Culture Unbound 4 (1): 193–211. doi:10.3384/cu.2000.1525.124.
   Google Scholar
• HAB (Home Affairs Bureau). 2004. A Study on Creativity Index. Home Affairs Bureau. Accessed April 19, 2018. http://www.uis.unesco.org/culture/Documents/Hui.pdf
   Google Scholar
• HAB (Home Affairs Bureau). 2016. Cultural Policy. Home Affairs Bureau. Accessed April 19, 2018. http://www.hab.gov.hk/en/policy_responsibilities/arts_culture_recreation_and_sport/arts.htm
   Google Scholar
• Hall, Stuart. 2000. “Who Needs ‘Identity’?” In Identity: A Reader, edited by Paul du Gay, Peter Redman, and Jessica Evans, 15–30. London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Harvey, David. 1989. “From Managerialism to Entrepreneurialism: The Transformation in Urban Governance in Late Capitalism.” Geografiska Annaler B 71 (1): 3–17. doi:10.2307/490503.
   Google Scholar
• Harvey, David. 2008. “The Right to the City.” New Left Review 53 (Sep-Oct): 23–40.
   Google Scholar
• Hill, R. Child, and June W. Kim. 2000. “Global Cities and Developmental States: New York, Tokyo and Seoul.” Urban Studies 37 (12): 2167–2195. doi:10.1080/00420980020002760.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HKSAR Government. 1998. The 1998 Policy Address. HKSAR Government. Accessed April 19, 2018. http://www.policyaddress.gov.hk/pa98/english/econ2.htm
   Google Scholar
• Hutton, A. Thomas. 2012. “The Cultural Turn and Urban Development in Asia.” In New Economic Spaces in Asian Cities: From Industrial Restructuring to the Cultural Turn, edited by Peter W. Daniels, K. C. Ho, and Thomas A. Hutton, 31–50. Oxon: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Jessop, Bob, and Ngai-Ling Sum. 2000. “An Entrepreneurial City in Action: Hong Kong’s Emerging Strategies in and for (Inter) Urban Competition.” Urban Studies 37 (12): 2287–2313. doi:10.1080/00420980020002814.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karvelyte, Kristina. 2017. “From Arts Desert to Global Cultural Metropolis: The (Re)branding of Shanghai and Hong Kong.” In The Routledge Handbook of Global Cultural Policy, edited by Victoria Durrer, Toby Miller, and Dave O’Brien, 247–264. Oxon: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Karvelyte, Kristina. (Forthcoming). “Probing the Cultural Turn in Shanghai, Hong Kong and Taipei: The Moments of Triumph and Despair.” In The Routledge Handbook of Cultural and Creative Industries in Asia, edited by Hye-Kyung Lee and Lorraine Lim. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Kim, Changwook. 2017. “Locating Creative City Policy in East Asia: Neoliberalism, Developmental State and Assemblage of East Asian Cities.” International Journal of Cultural Policy 23 (3): 312–330. doi:10.1080/10286632.2015.1048242.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King, Anthony. 1989. “Colonialism, Urbanism and the Capitalist World Economy.” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 13 (1): 1–18. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2427.1989.tb00105.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King, Anthony. 1996. “Worlds in the City: Manhattan Transfer and the Ascendance of Spectacular Space.” Planning Perspectives 11 (2): 97–114. doi:10.1080/02665439608559398.
   Google Scholar
• Kong, Lily. 2007. “Cultural Icons and Urban Development in Asia: Economic Imperative, National Identity, and Global City Status.” Political Geography 26 (4): 383–404. doi:10.1016/j.polgeo.2006.11.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kong, Lily. 2009. “Making Sustainable Creative/Cultural Space in Shanghai and Singapore.” Geographical Review 91 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1111/j.1931-0846.2009.tb00415.x.
   Google Scholar
• Kong, Lily. 2012. “Ambitions of a Global City: Arts, Culture and Creative Economy in ‘Post-CRISIS’ Singapore.” International Journal of Cultural Policy 18 (3): 279–294. doi:10.1080/10286632.2011.639876.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kong, Lily, Chia-Ho Ching, and Tsu-Lung Chou. 2015. Arts, Culture and the Making of Global Cities: Creating New Urban Landscapes in Asia. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.10.4337/9781784715847
   Google Scholar
• Kong, Lily, Chris Gibson, Louisa M. Khoo, and Anne L. Semple. 2006. “Knowledges of the Creative Economy: Towards a Relational Geography of Diffusion and Adaptation in Asia.” Asia Pacific Viewpoint 47 (2): 173–194. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8373.2006.00313.x.
   Google Scholar
• Ku, Agnes, and Clarence Tsui. 2008. “The ‘Global City’ as a Cultural Project: The Case of the West Kowloon Cultural District.” In Hong Kong Mobile: Making a Global Population, edited by Helen Siu and Ku Agnes, 343–365. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Landry, Charles. 2000. The Creative City: A Toolkit for Urban Innovators. London: Earthscan.
   Google Scholar
• Landry, Charles, and Franco Bianchini. 1995. The Creative City. London: Demos.
   Google Scholar
• Landry, Charles, and Jonathan Hyams. 2012. The Creative City Index: Measuring the Pulse of the City. Gloucestershire: Comedia.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, Hye-Kyung, and Lorraine Lim, eds. 2014. Cultural Policies in East Asia: Dynamics between the State, Arts and Creative Industries. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Lilley, Rozanna. 1998. Staging Hong Kong: Gender and Performance in Transition. Richmond: Curzon Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lui, Tai-Lok. 2008. “City-branding without Content: Hong Kong’s Aborted West Kowloon Mega-project, 1998–2006.” International Development Planning Review 30 (3): 215–226. doi:10.3828/idpr.30.3.2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Markusen, Ann, Gregory Wassall, Douglas DeNatale, and Randy Cohen. 2008. “Defining the Creative Economy: Industry and Occupational Approaches.” Economic Development Quarterly 22 (1): 24–45. doi:10.1177/0891242407311862.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCann, Eugene, and Kevin Ward. 2012. “Assembling Urbanism: Following Policies and ‘Studying Through’ the Sites and Situations of Policy Making.” Environment and Planning A 44 (1): 42–51. doi:10.1068/a44178.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miles, Steven, and Ronan Paddison. 2005. “Introduction: The Rise and Rise of Culture-led Urban Regeneration.” Urban Studies 42 (5–6): 833–839. doi:10.1080/00420980500107508.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mommaas, Hans. 2009. “Spaces of Culture and Economy: Mapping the Cultural-creative Cluster Landscape.” In Creative Economies, Creative Cities: Asian-European Perspectives, edited by Lily Kong and Justin O’Connor, 98: 45–59. London: Springer.10.1007/978-1-4020-9949-6
   Google Scholar
• Ngo, Tak-Wing, ed. 1999. Hong Kong’s History: State and Society under Colonial Rule. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Ngok, Ma. 2007. Political Development in Hong Kong: State, Political Society, and Civil Society. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.10.5790/hongkong/9789622098107.001.0001
   Google Scholar
• O’Connor, Justin. 2012. “Shanghai Modern: Replaying Futures Past.” Culture Unbound 4 (1): 15–34. doi:10.3384/cu.2000.1525.12415.
   Google Scholar
• O’Connor, Justin, and Xin Gu. 2006. “A New Modernity?: The Arrival of ‘Creative Industries’ in China.” International Journal of Cultural Studies 9 (3): 271–283. doi:10.1177/1367877906066874.
   Google Scholar
• Offe, Claus. 1996. “Designing Institutions in East European Transitions.” In The Theory of Institutional Design, edited by Robert E. Goodin, 199–226. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Olds, Kris, and Henry Yeung. 2004. “Pathways to Global City Formation: A View from the Developmental City-state of Singapore.” Review of International Political Economy 11 (3): 489–521. doi:10.1080/0969229042000252873.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ong, Aihwa. 2007. “Please Stay: Pied-a-Terre Subjects in the Megacity.” Citizenship Studies 11 (1): 83–93. doi:10.1080/13621020601099898.
   Google Scholar
• Ong, Aihwa. 2011a. “Hyperbuilding: Spectacle, Speculation, and the Hyperspace of Sovereignty.” In Worlding Cities: Asian Experiments and the Art of Being Global, edited by Ananya Roy and Aihwa Ong, 205–226. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.10.1002/9781444346800
   Google Scholar
• Ong, Aihwa. 2011b. “Introduction: Worlding Cities, or the Art of Being Global.” In Worlding Cities: Asian Experiments and the Art of Being Global, edited by Ananya Roy and Aihwa Ong, 1–26. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Ooi, Vicki. 1995. “The Best Cultural Policy is No Cultural Policy: Cultural Policy in Hong Kong.” International Journal of Cultural Policy 1 (2): 273–287. doi:10.1080/10286639509357986.
   Google Scholar
• Pacione, Michael. 2009. Urban Geography: A Global Perspective. 3rd ed. Oxon: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Pang, Laikwan. 2012. Creativity and Its Discontents: China’s Creative Industries and Intellectual Property Rights Offenses. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.10.1215/9780822394587
   Google Scholar
• Peck, Jamie. 2005. “Struggling with the Creative Class.” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 29 (4): 740–770. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2427.2005.00620.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peck, Jamie. 2007. “The Creativity Fix.” Fronesis 24, June 28. Accessed April 19, 2018. http://www.eurozine.com/pdf/2007-06-28-peck-en.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Peck, Jamie. 2011a. “Creative Moments: Working Culture through Municipal Socialism and Neoliberal Urbanism.” In Mobile Urbanism: Cities and Policymaking in the Global Age, edited by Eugene McCann and Kevin Ward, 41–70. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
   Google Scholar
• Peck, Jamie. 2011b. “Geographies of Policy: From Transfer-diffusion to Mobility-mutation.” Progress in Human Geography 35 (6): 773–797. doi:10.1177/0309132510394010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peck, Jamie, and Nik Theodore. 2010. “Mobilizing Policy: Models, Methods, and Mutations.” Geoforum 41 (2): 169–174. doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2010.01.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peck, Jamie, and Nik Theodore. 2012. “Follow the Policy: A Distended Case Approach.” Environment and Planning A 44 (1): 21–30. doi:10.1068/a44179.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pratt, Andy. 2008. “Creative Cities: The Cultural Industries and the Creative Class.” Geografiska Annaler B 90 (2): 107–117. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0467.2008.00281.x.
   Google Scholar
• Pratt, Andy. 2009. “Policy Transfer and the Field of the Cultural and Creative Industries: What Can Be Learned from Europe?” In Creative Economies, Creative Cities: Asian-European Perspectives, edited by Lily Kong and Justin O’Connor, 9–23. London: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Pratt, Andy. 2010. “Creative Cities: Tensions within and between Social, Cultural and Economic Development. A Critical Reading of the UK Experience.” City, Culture and Society 1 (1): 13–20. doi:10.1016/j.ccs.2010.04.001.
   Google Scholar
• Prince, Russell. 2010. “Globalizing the Creative Industries Concept: Travelling Policy and Transnational Policy Communities.” Journal of Arts Management, Law, and Society 40 (2): 119–139. doi:10.1080/10632921.2010.486282.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raco, Mike, and Katherine Gilliam. 2012. “Geographies of Abstraction, Urban Entrepreneurialism, and the Production of New Cultural Spaces: The West Kowloon Cultural District, Hong Kong.” Environment and Planning A 44 (6): 1425–1442. doi:10.1068/a44411.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richards, Greg, and Julie Wilson. 2006. “Developing Creativity in Tourist Experiences: A Solution to the Serial Reproduction of Culture?” Tourism Management 27 (6): 1209–1223. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2005.06.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson, Jennifer. 2002. “Global and World Cities: A View from Off the Map.” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 26 (3): 531–554. doi:10.1111/1468-2427.00397.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson, Jennifer. 2005. “Urban Geography: World Cities, or a World of Cities.” Progress in Human Geography 29 (6): 757–765. doi:10.1191/0309132505ph582pr.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson, Jennifer. 2011. “Cities in a World of Cities: The Comparative Gesture.” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 35 (1): 1–23. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2427.2010.00982.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sassen, Saskia. 1991. The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Sassen, Saskia. 2006. Cities in a World Economy. 3rd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press.
   Google Scholar
• SCIC (Shanghai Creative Industry Centre). 2006. 2006 Shanghai chuangyi chanye fazhan baogao. Shanghai: Shanghai Scientific and Technological Literature Publishing House.
   Google Scholar
• Selya, Mark. 1994. “Taiwan as a Service Economy.” Geoforum 25 (3): 305–322. doi:10.1016/0016-7185(94)90033-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SMFB (Shanghai Municipal Finance Bureau). 2017. Caizheng yusuan juesuan. Shanghai Municipal People’s Government. Accessed April 18, 2018. http://www.shanghai.gov.cn/nw2/nw2314/nw2319/nw32905/nw32906/index.html
   Google Scholar
• Smith, Richard. 2013. “The Ordinary City Trap.” Environment and Planning A 45 (10): 2290–2304. doi:10.1068/a45516.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SMPG (Shanghai Municipal People’s Government). 2008a. Shanghai shi 2007 nian shi benji juesuan de baogao. Shanghai Municipal People’s Government. Accessed April 18, 2018. http://www.shanghai.gov.cn/nw2/nw2314/nw2319/nw32905/nw32906/nw32907/u21aw975253.html
   Google Scholar
• SMPG (Shanghai Municipal People’s Government). 2008b. Zhengfu gongzuo baogao (2008 nian). Shanghai Municipal People’s Government. Accessed April 18, 2018. http://www.shanghai.gov.cn/
   Google Scholar
• SMPG (Shanghai Municipal People’s Government). 2011a. Shanghai shi guomin jingji he shehui fazhan di shierge wunian guihua gangyao. Accessed April 18, 2018. http://www.shanghai.gov.cn/shanghai/12wgh.pdf
   Google Scholar
• SMPG (Shanghai Municipal People’s Government). 2011b. Shanghai shi wenhua chuangyi chanye fazhan “shierwu” guihua. Shanghai: Shanghai Municipal People’s Government.
   Google Scholar
• SMPG (Shanghai Municipal People’s Government). 2017. Shanghai shi 2017 nian shibenji yiban gonggong yusuan zhichu yusuan biao. Shanghai Municipal People’s Government. Accessed April 18, 2018. https://www.czj.sh.gov.cn/zss/zt/ysbgjd_9587/ysbgjd2017n/czysb/
   Google Scholar
• Song, Haiyan, Kevin Wong, and Kaye Chon. 2003. “Modelling and Forecasting the Demand for Hong Kong Tourism.” International Journal of Hospitality Management 22 (4): 435–451. doi:10.1016/S0278-4319(03)00047-1.
   Google Scholar
• State Council. 2006. Guojia ‘shi yi wu’ shiqi wenhua fazhan guihua gangyao. State Council. Accessed April 18, 2018. http://www.sdpc.gov.cn/
   Google Scholar
• Taylor, Peter J. 2013. Extraordinary Cities: Millennia of Moral Syndromes, World-Systems and City/State Relations. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.10.4337/9781781954829
   Google Scholar
• TCC (Taipei City Council). 2012. “Su ji lu.” Taibei shi yihui gongbao 90 (11): 3312–3332.
   Google Scholar
• TCG (Taipei City Government). 2006. Taipei Yearbook 2005. Taipei: Taipei City Government.
   Google Scholar
• TCG (Taipei City Government). 2010. Taibei shi changqi fazhan gangling (2010–2020 nian). Taipei: Research, Development and Evaluation Commission.
   Google Scholar
• TCG (Taipei City Government). 2011a. Taibei shi zhengfu shizheng baogao. Taibei linghang: zai chuangxin ju. Taipei City Government. Accessed April 19, 2018. http://www.gov.taipei/public/Attachment/15919565443.pdf
   Google Scholar
• TCG (Taipei City Government). 2011b. Taipei Yearbook 2010. Taipei: Taipei City Government.
   Google Scholar
• TCG (Taipei City Government). 2012. Taipei Yearbook 2011. Taipei: Taipei City Government.
   Google Scholar
• Timberlake, Michael, Dennis Wei, Xiulian Ma, and Jianmei Hao. 2014. “Global Cities with Chinese Characteristics.” Cities 41 (Dec): 162–170. doi:10.1016/j.cities.2014.02.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, Chia-Huang. 2003. “Taipei as a Global City: A Theoretical and Empirical Examination.” Urban Studies 40 (2): 309–334. doi:10.1080/00420980220080291.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, Jenn-Hwan. 2004. “World City Formation, Geopolitics and Local Political Process: Taipei’s Ambiguous Development.” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 28 (2): 384–400. doi:10.1111/j.0309-1317.2004.00525.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, Jian, ed. 2011. Soft Power in China: Public Diplomacy through Communication. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, Gungwu, and Yongnian Zheng, eds. 2008. China and the New International Order. Oxon: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Wu, Fulong. 2000. “The Global and Local Dimensions of Place-making: Remaking Shanghai as a World City.” Urban Studies 37 (8): 1359–1377. doi:10.1080/00420980020080161.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeoh, Brenda. 2005. “The Global Cultural City? Spatial Imagineering and Politics in the (Multi)cultural Marketplaces of South-east Asia.” Urban Studies 42 (5): 945–958. doi:10.1080/00420980500107201.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, Le-Yin. 2003. “Economic Development in Shanghai and the Role of the State.” Urban Studies 40 (8): 1549–1572. doi:10.1080/0042098032000094423.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zou, Deci. 1996. “The Open Door Policy and Urban Development in China.” Habitat International 20 (4): 525–529. doi:10.1016/0197-3975(96)00026-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zukin, Sharon. 1995. The Cultures of Cities. Oxford: Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Zukin, Sharon. 1998. “Urban Lifestyles: Diversity and Standardisation in Spaces of Consumption.” Urban Studies 35 (5/6): 825–839. doi:10.1080/0042098984574.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar