The platformisation of culture: challenges to cultural policy

References

• Balbi, G., and P. Magaudda. 2018. A History of Digital Media: An Intermedia and Global Perspective. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Beer, D. 2009. “Power Through the Algorithm? Participatory Web Cultures and the Technological Unconscious.” New Media and Society 11 (6): 985–1002. doi:10.1177/1461444809336551.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bell, D., and K. Oakley. 2015. Cultural Policy. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Benjamin, R. 2019. Race After Technology. Cambridge: Polity Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bratton, B. H. 2015. The Stack: On Software and Sovereignty. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Brennen, J. S., and D. Kreiss. 2016. ”Digitalization.” In The International Encyclopedia of Communication Theory and Philosophy 1 vols, edited by K. B. Jensen, R. T. Craig, J. Pooley, and E. W. Rothenbuhler, J. S. Brennen and D. Kreiss 556–565. Malden, MA: Wiley Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Chakravartty, P., and K. Sarikakis. 2006. Media Policy and Globalization. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Chun, W. H. K. 2022. Discriminating Data: Correlation, Neighborhoods, and the New Politics of Recognition. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• CNET highlights. 2021 October 28. “Watch Mark Zuckerberg’s Vision Socializing in the Metaverse.” Retrieved March 9, 2022, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b9vWShsmE20
   Google Scholar
• COM. 2016. 287 final. Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directive 2010/13/EU on the coordination of certain provisions laid down by law, regulation or administrative action in Member States concerning the provision of audiovisual media services in view of changing market realities. 25.5.2016, Brussels: European Commission.
   Google Scholar
• COM. 2020a. 825 final. Proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on a single market for digital services (Digital Services Act) and amending directive 2000/31/EC. 15.12.2020, Brussels: European Commission.
   Google Scholar
• COM. 2020b. 842 final. Proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on contestable and fair markets in the digital sector (Digital Markets Act). 15.12.2020, Brussels: European Commission.
   Google Scholar
• Cunningham, S., and D. Craig. 2019. Social Media Entertainment: The New Intersection of Hollywood and Silicon Valley. New York: NYU Press.
   Google Scholar
• Drucker, S. J., and G. Gumpert. 2010. “Introduction: Regulating Convergence.” In Regulating Convergence, 1–20. New York: Peter Lang.
   Google Scholar
• Duffy, B. E. 2016. “The Romance of Work: Gender and Aspirational Labour in the Digital Culture Industries.” International Journal of Cultural Studies 19 (4): 441–457. doi:10.1177/1367877915572186.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duffy, B. E., T. Poell, and D. Nieborg. 2019. “Platform Practices in the Cultural Industries: Creativity, Labor and Citizenship.” Social Media + Society 5 (4): 1–8. doi:10.1177/2056305119879672.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eubanks, V. 2018. Automating Inequality: How High-Tech Tools Profile, Police and Punish the Poor. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
   Google Scholar
• Foucault, M. 2002a. ”Governmentality.” In Power: Essential Works of Foucault 1954–1984 3 vols, edited by J. D. Faubion, 201–222. London: Penguin Books.
   Google Scholar
• Foucault, M. 2002b. The Archaeology of Knowledge. Oxford: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Freedman, D. 2008. The Politics of Media Policy. Cambridge: Polity Press.
   Google Scholar
• Fuchs, C. 2014. Social Media: A Critical Introduction. London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Gillespie, T. 2010. “The Politics of ‘Platforms’.” New Media and Society 12 (3): 347–364. doi:10.1177/1461444809342738.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gillespie, T. 2018. Custodians of the Internet: Platforms, Content Moderation, and the Hidden Decisions That Shape Social Media. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Habermas, J. 1987. The Theory of Communicative Action – Volume 2. Lifeworld and System: A Critique of Functionalist Reason, edited by T. McCarthy. Cambridge: Polity Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hall, S. 1997. “The Work of Representation.” In Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices, edited by S. Hall, 13–74. London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Helmond, A. 2015. “The Platformization of the Web: Making Web Data Platform Ready.” Social Media + Society 1 (2): 1–11. doi:10.1177/2056305115603080.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hesmondhalgh, D. 2005. “Media and Cultural Policy as Public Policy.” International Journal of Cultural Policy 11 (1): 95–109. doi:10.1080/10286630500067861.
   Google Scholar
• ICT regulation toolkit. 2006. [Online] Impact of Convergence. Retrieved May 22, 2014, from http://www.ict-regulationtoolkit.org/6.4
   Google Scholar
• Iosifidis, P. 2013. Global Media and Communication Policy. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Jordan, G., and C. Weedon. 1995. Cultural Politics: Class, Gender, Race and the Postmodern World. Oxford: Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Kitchin, R. 2017. “Thinking Critically About and Researching Algorithms.” Information, Communication and Society 20 (1): 14–29. doi:10.1080/1369118X.2016.1154087.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manovich, L. 2001. The Language of New Media. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mayer-Schonberger, V., and K. Cukier. 2013. Big Data: A Revolution That Will Transform How We Live, Work, and Think. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
   Google Scholar
• McGuigan, J. 2004. Rethinking Cultural Policy. Maidenhead: Open University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Trade and Ministry of Culture. 2021. Mod Et Bedre Samfund Med Tech-Giganter. Hvidbog. København: Regeringen.
   Google Scholar
• Noble, S. U. 2018. Algorithms of Oppression: How Search Engines Reinforce Racism. New York: New York University Press.
   Google Scholar
• OJEU L 119, 4.5.2016. Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation).
   Google Scholar
• OJEU L 303, 28.11.2018. Directive (EU) 2018/1808 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 November 2018 amending Directive 2010/13/EU on the coordination of certain provisions laid down by law, regulation or administrative action in Member States concerning the provision of audiovisual media services (Audiovisual Media Service Directive) in view of changing market realities.
   Google Scholar
• OJEU L 95, 14.4.2010. Directive 2010/13/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 10 March 2010 on the coordination of certain provisions laid down by law, regulation or administrative action in Member States concerning the provision of audiovisual media services (Audiovisual Media Service Directive). Codified version.
   Google Scholar
• Plantin, J. C., C. Lagoze, P. N. Edwards, and C. Sandvig. 2018. “Infrastructure Studies Meet Platforms Studies in the Age of Google and Facebook.” New Media and Society 20 (1): 293–310. doi:10.1177/1461444816661553.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poell, T., D. Nieborg, and B. E. Duffy. 2022. Platforms and Cultural Production. Cambridge: Polity Press.
   Google Scholar
• Prey, R. 2018. “Nothing Personal: Algorithmic Individuation on Music Streaming Platforms.” Media, Culture and Society 40 (7): 1086–1100. doi:10.1177/0163443717745147.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raboy, M., and C. Padovani. 2010. “Mapping Global Media Policy: Concepts, Frameworks, Methods.” Communication, Culture and Critique 3 (2): 150–169. doi:10.1111/j.1753-9137.2010.01064.x.
   Google Scholar
• Roberge, J., and R. Seyfert. 2016. “What are Algorithmic Cultures?” In Algorithmic Cultures: Essays on Meaning, Performance and New Technologies, edited by R. Seyfert and J. Roberge, 1–25. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Terranova, T. 2013. “Free Labor.” In Digital Labor: The Internet as Playground and Factory, edited by T. Scholz, 33–57. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Valtysson, B. 2020. Digital Cultural Politics: From Policy to Practice. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Valtysson, B., R. F. Jørgensen, and J. L. Munkholm. 2021. “Co-Constitutive Complexity: Unpacking Google’s Privacy Policy and Terms of Service Post-GDPR.” Nordicom Review 42 (1): 124–140. doi:10.2478/nor-2021-0033.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Cuilenburg, J., and D. McQuail. 2008. “Media Policy Paradigm Shifts: Towards a New Communication Policy Paradigm.” In Communication and Cultural Policies in Europe, edited by I. F. Alonso and M. Moragas i Spà, 24–50. Barcelona: Government of Catalonia.
   Google Scholar
• Van Dijck, J. 2013. The Culture of Connectivity: A Critical History of Social Media. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Van Dijck, J., R. Poell, and M. de Waal. 2018. The Platform Society: Public Values in a Connected World. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Van Doorn, N. 2017. “Platform Labor: On the Gendered and Racialized Exploitation of Low-Income Service Work in the ‘On-Demand’ Economy.” Information, Communication and Society 20 (6): 898–914. doi:10.1080/1369118X.2017.1294194.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar