Inspection of railroad ballast using geophysical method

References

• Al-Qadi , I.L. and Lahouar , S. 2005 . Measuring layer thicknesses with GPR – theory to practice . Construction and Building Materials , 19 ( 10 ) : 763 – 772 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benedetto , A. 2005 . Reliability of signal processing technique for pavement damages detection and classification using ground penetrating radar . IEEE Sensors Journal , 5 ( 3 ) : 471 – 480 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brough , M. 2003 . Evaluation or railway trackbed and formation: a case study . NDT & E International , 36 ( 3 ) : 145 – 156 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daniels , D.J. 2004 . Ground penetrating radar , 2nd ed. , IEE radar, sonar and navigation series 15, The Institution of Electrical Engineers, HERTS Bodmin Cornwall, UK : MPG Books Ltd .
   Google Scholar
• Duran , O. , Althoefer , K. and Seneviratne , L.D. 2002 . State of the art in sensor technologies for sewer inspection . IEEE Sensors Journal , 2 ( 2 ) : 73 – 81 .
   Google Scholar
• Gallagher , G.P. 2003 . The application of time domain ground penetrating radar to evaluate railway track ballast . NDT & E International , 36 ( 3 ) : 463 – 468 .
   Google Scholar
• Hay , W.W. 1982 . Railroad engineering , 393 – 435 . New York : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Hugenschmidt , J. 2000 . Railway track inspection using GPR . Journal of Applied Geophysics , 43 ( 2–4 ) : 147 – 155 .
   Google Scholar
• Jack , R. and Jackson , P. 1999 . Imaging attributes of railway track formation and ballast using ground probing radar . NDT & E International , 32 ( 8 ) : 457 – 462 .
   Google Scholar
• Lee , J.S. , Nguyen , C. and Scullion , T. 2004 . A novel, compact, low cost, impulse ground penetrating radar for nondestructive evaluation of pavements . IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurements , 53 ( 6 ) : 1502 – 1509 .
   Google Scholar
• Loizos , A. and Plati , C. 2007a . Ground penetrating radar as an engineering diagnostic tool for foamed asphalt treated pavement layers . International Journal of Pavement Engineering , 8 ( 2 ) : 147 – 155 .
   Google Scholar
• Loizos , A. and Plati , C. 2007b . Accuracy of ground penetrating radar horn-antenna technique for sensing pavement subsurface . Sensors Journal (IEEE) , 7 ( 5 ) : 842 – 850 .
   Google Scholar
• Manacorda , G. 2002 . “ A customized GPR system for railroad tracks verification ” . In 9th International conference on ground penetrating radar 719 – 723 . Santa Barbara, USA, SPIE 4758
   Google Scholar
• Maser , K.R. 1994 . Ground penetrating radar surveys to characterize pavement layer thickness variations at GPS sites , Washington, DC : National Academy Press . Report SHRP-P-397
   Google Scholar
• Morey , R.M. 1998 . Ground penetrating radar for evaluating subsurface conditions for transportation facilities , NCHRP synthesis 255, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council Washington, DC : National Academy Press .
   Google Scholar
• Olhoeft , G.R. and Selig , E.T. 2002 . “ Ground penetrating radar evaluation of railway track substructure condition ” . In 9th International conference on ground penetrating radar 48 – 53 . Santa Barbara, USA, SPIE 4758
   Google Scholar
• Roadscanners . 2005 . Rails doctor: user's guide
   Google Scholar
• Saarakento, T., 2006. Electrical properties of road materials and subgrade soils and the use of ground penetrating radar in traffic infrastructure surveys. Thesis (PhD). Faculty of Science, Department of Geosciences, University of Oulu
   Google Scholar
• Selig , E.T. and Waters , J.M. 1994 . Track geotechnology and substructure management , London : Thomas Telford .
   Google Scholar
• Sussman , T.R. , Selig , E.T. and Hyslip , J.P. 2003 . Railway track condition indicators from ground penetrating radar . NDT &E International , 36 ( 3 ) : 157 – 167 .
   Google Scholar