References
- AASHTO, 1986. Guide for design of pavement structures. American Association of state Highway and Transportation Officials.
- AASHTO, 1993. Guide for design of pavement structures. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.
- AASHTO T307, 1999. Standard method of test for determining the resilient modulus of soils and aggregate materials. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.
- ASTM D6951-03, 2003. Standard test methods for use of the dynamic cone penetrometer in shallow pavement application. American Society for Testing and Materials.
- Bardet, J. and Proubet, J., 1991. A numerical investigation of the structure of persistent shear bands in granular media. Geotechnique, 41 (4), 599–613.
- Buttlar, W.G. and You, Z., 2001. Discrete element modeling of asphalt concrete. Journal of Transportation Research Board, 1757, 111–118.
- Cundall, P. and Strack, O., 1979. A discrete numerical model for granular assemblies. Geotechnique, 29 (1), 47–55.
- Davich, P., Camargo, F., Larsen, B., Roberson, R., and Siekmeier, J., 2006. Validation of DCP and LWD moisture specifications for granular materials. Minnesota Department of Transportation.
- De Beer, M., et al., 1990. Use of dynamic cone penetrometer (DCP) in the design of road structures. In: Blight, ed. Geotechnics in African environment, 167–176. Balkema, Rotterdam: Pavement Engineering Technology, Division of Roads and Transport Technology.
- Ferguson, B., 2005. Porous pavements. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
- Ford, G. and Eliason, B., 1991. Comparison of compaction methods in narrow subsurface drainage trenches. Minnesota Department of Transportation.
- Gudishala, R., 2004. Development of resilient modulus prediction models for base and subgrade pavement layers from in situ devices test results. Thesis (MS). Sri Krishna Devaraya University.
- Guibas, L., Knuth, D., and Sharir, M., 1992. Randomized incremental construction of Delaunay and Voronoi diagrams. Algorithmica, 7, 381–413.
- Herrick, J. and Jones, T., 2002. A dynamic cone penetrometer for measuring soil penetration resistance. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 66, 1320–1324.
- Hertz, H., 1882. Ueber die Beruehrung elastischer Koerper (On contact between elastic bodies). Gesammelte Werke (Collected works), Vol. 1, Leipzig, Germany, 1895.
- Heukelom, W. and Klomp, A., 1962. Dynamic testing as a means of controlling pavement during and after construction. In: Proceedings of the 1st international conference on the structural design of asphalt pavement. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan.
- Hicks, R. and Monismith, C., 1971. Factors influencing the resilient response of granular material. Highway Research Record, 345, 15–31.
- Hill, K.M., Yohannes, B., and Khazanovich, L., 2012. Unified mechanistic approach for modeling tests of unbound pavement materials. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 138, 1091–1098.
- Hill, K.M., Yohannes, B., and Khazanovich, L., 2008. Toward a unified mechanistic approach for modeling tests of unbound materials. In: Transportation research board, 87th annual meeting, Washington DC [CD-ROM].
- Ide, J.M., 1935. Comparison of statically and dynamically determined Young's modulus of rocks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, US, 22 (2), 81–92.
- Jiang, M. and Yu, H., 2006. Application of discrete element method to geomechanics. Modern Trends in Geomechanics, 106, 241–269.
- Johnson, K.L., 1985. Contact mechanics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Ke, T. and Bray, J., 1995. Modeling of particulate media using discontinuous deformation analysis. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 121 (11), 1234–1243.
- Khogali, W. and Zeghal, M., 2003. A comprehensive system for characterizing granular materials: providing material input for pavement design. In: Annual conference of the Transportation Association of Canada, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador.
- Kuhn, M., 1995. A flexible boundary for the three-dimensional DEM particle assemblies. Engineering Computations, 12 (2), 175–183.
- Lekarp, F., Isacsson, U., and Dawson, A., 2000a. State of the art I: resilient response of unbound aggregates. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 126 (1), 66–75.
- Lekarp, F., Isacsson, U., and Dawson, A., 2000b. State of the art II: permanent strain response of unbound aggregates. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 126 (1), 76–83.
- Livneh, M., 1991. Verification of CBR and elastic modulus values from local DCP tests. In: Proceedings of 9th Asian regional conference on soil mechanics & foundation engineering, Bangkok, Thailand, vol. 125(1)45–50.
- Lu, M. and McDowell, G.R., 2006. Discrete element modeling of ballast abrasion. Geotechnique, 56 (9), 651–655.
- Luo, X., Salgado, R., and Altschaeffl, A., Dynamic cone penetration test to assess the mechanical properties of the subgrade soil. Final report, FHWA1988.
- Mindlin, R. and Deresiewicz, H., 1953. Elastic spheres in contact under varying oblique forces. Journal of Applied Mechanics, 20 (3), 327–344.
- NCHRP 1-28A, 2002. Recommended standard method for routine resilient modulus testing of unbound granular base/subbase materials and subgrade soils.
- Ng, T., 2004. Triaxial test simulation with discrete element method and hydrostatic boundaries. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 130 (10), 1188–1194.
- Ng, T. and Dobry, R., 1992. A numerical simulation of monotonic and cyclic loading of granular soil. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 120 (2), 388–403.
- Ng, T. and Wang, C., 2001. Comparison of 3D DEM simulation with MRI data. International Journal for Numerical and Analytic Methods in Geomechanics, 25, 497–507.
- Powell, W., Potter, J., Mayhew, H., and Nunn, M., 1984. The structural design of bituminous roads. LR1132, TRRLEngland: Department of Transport Crowthorne.
- Rahim, A.M. and George, K.P., 2007. Automated dynamic cone penetrometer for subgrade resilient modulus characterization. Transportation Research Record, 1806, 70–77.
- Roy, B.K., 2007. New Look at DCP test with a link to AASHTO SN concept. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 133 (4), 264–274.
- Siekmeier, J., et al., 2009. ‘Using the dynamic cone penetrometer and light weight deflectometer for construction quality assurance’. Technical Report MN/RC-2009-12, Minnesota Department of Transportation.
- Simmons, G. and Brace, B.F., 1965. Comparison of static and dynamic measurements of compressibility of rocks. Journal of Geophysical Research, 70 (22), 5649–5656.
- Tanaka, H., et al., 2000. Simulation of soil deformation and resistance at the bar penetration by the distinct element method. The Journal of Terramechanics, 37, 41–56.
- Thomas, P. and Bray, J., 1999. Capturing nonspherical shape of granular media with disk clusters. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 125 (3), 169–178.
- Thompson, M. and Robnett, Q., 1979. Resilient properties of subgrade soils. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 105 (1), 71–89.
- Ting, J., Meachum, L., and Rowell, J., 1995. Effect of particle shape on the strength and deformation of mechanism of ellipse-shaped granular assemblages. Engineering Computations, 12, 99–108.
- Tsuji, Y., Tanka, T., and Ishida, T., 1992. Lagrangian numerical simulation of plug flow of cohesionless particles in a horizontal pipe. Powder Technology, 71, 239–250.
- Ullidtz, P., 2001. Distinct element method for study of failure in cohesive particulate media. Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1757, 127–133.
- Uthus, L., Hopkins, M.A., and Horvli, I., 2008. Discrete element modeling of the resilient behaviour of unbound granular aggregates. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 9 (6), 387–395.
- Uzan, J., et al., 1992. Development and validation of realistic pavement response models. In: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on asphalt pavements, Nottingham, UK. vol. 1, 334–350.
- Van Wijk, A.J., Harvey, J., and Hartman, A.M., 2007. Assessing material properties for pavement rehabilitation design. In: Proceedings of the 9th conference on asphalt pavements for Southern Africa, 293–314.
- Webster, S., Brown, R., and Williams, T., 1992. Description and application of dual mass dynamic cone penetrometer. Instruction report GL-92-3, US Waterways Experimental station, 50.
- Williams, J. and Nabha, R., 1997. Granular vortices and shear band formation. Mechanics of Deformation and Flow of Particulate Materials (ASCE), 62–71.
- Yohannes, B., Hill, K.M., and Khazanovich, L., Mechanistic modeling of tests of unbound granular materials. Final report, Minnesota Department Transportation2009.
- Zeghal, M., 2004. Discrete element method investigation of the resilient behavior of granular materials. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 130 (4), 503–509.
- Zhongjie, Z., Abu-Farsakh, M.Y., and Mingjiang, T., 2005. Evaluation of trench backfills at highway cross-drains. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 6 (2), 77–87.