Coupled thermo-hydraulic modelling of pavement under frost

REFERENCES

• Alkasawneh, W., et al., 2006. Effect of temperature variation on pavement responses using 3D multilayered elastic analysis. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 8 (3), 203–212.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, D.M., Tice, A.R. and McKim, H.L., 1973. The unfrozen water and the apparent specific heat capacity of frozen soils. In: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Permafrost; North American Contribution. Natl. Acad. Sci., Washington, DC, United States, 289–295.
   Google Scholar
• Ariza, P., 2002. Evaluation of water flow though pavement systems. Thesis. University of Florida.
   Google Scholar
• Asaeda, T. and Ca, V.T., 1993. The subsurface transport of heat and moisture and its effect on the environment: a numerical model. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 65, 159–179.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bentz, D.P., August 2000. A computer model to predict the surface temperature and time-of-wetness of concrete pavements and bridge decks, NISTIR 6551, U.S. Department of Commerce
   Google Scholar
• Campbell, G.S., 1985. Soil physics with BASIC: transport models for soil–plant systems. New York: Elsevier.
   Google Scholar
• Cary, J.W., 1965. Water flux in moist soil: thermal versus suction gradients. Soil Science, 100 (3), 168–175.
   Google Scholar
• Cary, J.W., 1966. Soil moisture transport due to thermal gradients: practical aspects. Soil Science Society of America Proceedings, 30 (4), 42–433.
   Google Scholar
• Cass, A.G., Campbell, G.S., and Jones, T.L., 1981. Hydraulic and thermal properties of soil samples from the buried waster test facility. PNL-4015Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest Laboratory.
   Google Scholar
• Celauro, C., 2004. Influence of the hourly variation of temperature on the estimation of fatigue damage and rutting in flexible pavement design. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 5 (4), 221–231.
   Google Scholar
• Celia, M.A. and Binning, P., 1992. A mass conservative numerical solution for two-phase flow in porous media with application to unsaturated flow. Water Resources Research, 28 (10), 2819–2828.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charlier, R., et al., 2009. Modelling coupled mechanics, moisture and heat in pavement structures. In: A.R.Dawson, ed. Water in road structures. Dordrecht: Spring Science + Business Media. 10.1007/978-1-4020-8562-8 11.
   Google Scholar
• Childs, E.C. and Collis-George, G.N., 1950. The permeability of porous materials. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series A, 201, 392–405.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dash, J.G., 1989. Thermomolecular pressure in surface melting: motivation for frost heave. Science, 246, 591–593.
   Google Scholar
• Dore, G., 2004. Development and validation of the thaw-weakening index. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 5 (4), 185–192.
   Google Scholar
• Fayer, M.J., 2000. Report13249, Pac. Northwest Natl. Lab., Richland, WashUNSAT-H version 3.0: Unsaturated soil water and heat flow model, theory, user manual, and examples.
   Google Scholar
• Fen-Chong, T., Fabbri, A. and Azouni, A., 2006. Transient freezing-thawing phenomena in water-filled cohesive porous materials. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 46, 12–26.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fredlund, D.G. and Xing, A., 1994. Equations for the soil-water characteristic curve. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 31, 521–532.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fredlund, D.G., Xing, A. and Huang, S., 1994. Predicting the permeability function for unsaturated soils using the soil-water characteristic curve. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 31, 533–546.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gardner, W.R., 1958. Some steady-state solutions of the unsaturated moisture flow equation with application to evaporation from a water table. Soil Science, 85, 228–232.
   Google Scholar
• Gilpin, R.R., 1980. A model for the prediction of ice lensing and frost heave in soils. Water Resources Research, 16, 918–930.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Groenevelt, P.H. and Kay, B.D., 1974. On the interaction of the water and heat transport in frozen and unfrozen soils: II. The liquid phase. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 38, 400–404.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansson, K., et al., 2004. Water flow and heat transport in frozen soil: numerical solution and freeze-thaw applications. Vadose Zone Journal, 3, 693–704.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harlan, R.L., 1973. Analysis of coupled heat-fluid transport in partially frozen soil. Water Resources Research, 9, 1314–1323.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heydinger, A.G., 2003. Monitoring seasonal instrumentation and modeling climatic effects on pavements at the Ohio-SHRP test road, Report No. FHWA/OH-2003/018.
   Google Scholar
• Horiguchi, K. and Miller, R.D., 1980. Experimental studies with frozen soil in an “ice sandwich” permeameter. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 3, 177–183.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jame, Y.W. and Norum, D.I., 1980. Heat and mass transfer in a freezing unsaturated porous medium. Water Resources Research, 16 (4), 811–819.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janoo, V.C. and Berg, R.L., 1990. Predicting the behavior of asphalt concrete pavement in seasonal frost areas using nondestructive technique. Report 90–10. USACE Cold Regions Research and Engineering Facility, Hanover, N.H.
   Google Scholar
• Koopmans, R.W.R., 1966. Soil freezing and soil water characteristic curves. Soil Science Society of America Proceedings, 30 (6), 680–685.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, Y., Yu, X. and Yu, X., 2009. Measurement of soil air suction change during freezing-thawing process. In: LouisGe, BomingTang, WeihongWei, and RenpengChen (eds), Soils and Rock Instrumentation, Behavior, and Modeling: Selected Papers from the 2009 GeoHunan International Conference, 3-6 August 2009Hunan, China. Geotechnical Special Publication194, 36–43.
   Google Scholar
• Lundin, L.C., 1989. Water and heat flows in frozen soils. Basic theory and operational modeling. Thesis (PhD). Uppsala University.
   Google Scholar
• Masada, T. and Sargand, S.M., 2001. Laboratory characterizationi of materials & data management for Ohio-SHRP projects (U.S. 23), Report No. FHWA/OH-2001/07.
   Google Scholar
• McInnes, K.J., 1981. Thermal conductivities of soils from dryland wheat regions of Eastern Washington. M.S. Thesis, Washington State University, Pullman.
   Google Scholar
• Mizoguchi, M., 1993. A derivation of matric potential in frozen soil. Bulletin of the Faculty of Bioresources, Mie University, Tsu, Japan, No. 10175–182.
   Google Scholar
• Mualem, Y., 1986. Hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils: prediction and formulas. In: Physical and Mineralogical methods of soil analysis, Part I. In: A.Klute, ed. Agron. Monogr. No. 9. 2nd ed.Madison, WI: ASA and SSSA, 799–823.
   Google Scholar
• Newman, G.P. and Wilson, G.W., 1997. Heat and mass transfer in unsaturated soils during freezing. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 34, 63–70.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noborio, K., McInnes, K.J. and Heilman, J.L., 1996a. Two-dimensional model for water, heat and solute transport in furrow-irrigated soil: I. Theory. Soil Science Society of America Proceedings, 60, 1001–1009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noborio, K., McInnes, K.J. and Heilman, J.L., 1996b. Two-dimensional model for water, heat, and solute transport in furrow-irrigated soil: II. Field evaluation. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 60, 1010–1021.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Philip, J.R., 1957. Fluid flow in porous media from the viewpoint of classical hydrodynamics. Vol. 1, Part II, Proceedings of the 2nd Australia Conference Soil Science. Melbourne: CSIRO, 63, 1–9.
   Google Scholar
• Philip, J.R. and de Vries, D.A., 1957. Moisture movement in porous materials under temperature gradients. Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, 38, 222–232.
   Google Scholar
• Reeves, P.C. and Celia, M.A., 1996. Functional relationships between capillary pressure, saturation, and interfacial area as revealed by a pore-scale network model. Water Resources Research, 32, 2345–2358.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sawada, S., 1977. Temperature dependence of thermal conductivity of frozen soil, Research Report of Kitami Institute of Technology.
   Google Scholar
• Schofield, R.K., 1935. The pF of the water in soil. Transactions 3rd International Congress of Soil Science, 2 (22), 37–48.
   Google Scholar
• Shao, J., 1994. A surface-temperature prediction model for porous asphalt pavement and its validation. Meteorological Applications, 1 (2), 89–98.
   Google Scholar
• Simonsen, E. and Isacsson, U., 1999. Thaw weakening of pavement structures in cold regions. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 29, 135–151.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simunek, J., Sejna, M. and van Genuchten, M.T., 1998. version 2.0, U.S. Salinity Lab., Agricultural Research Service, Riverside, CaliforniaThe Hydrus-1D software package for simulating the one-dimensional movement of water, heat, and multiple solutes in variably-saturated media, user's manual.
   Google Scholar
• Sliwinska-Bartkowiak, M., et al., 2001. Freezing behavior in porous materials: theory and experiment. Polish Journal of Chemistry, 75 (4), 547–555.
   Google Scholar
• Spaans, M., 1996. Monte Carlo models of the physical and chemical properties of inhomogeneous interstellar clouds. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 307, 271–287.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Genuchten, M.T., 1980. A close-form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soil. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 44 (5), 892–898.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Genuchten, M.T., Leij, F.J. and Yates, S.R., 1991. The RETC code for quantifying the hydraulic functions of unsaturated soils. Ver. 1.0 EPA Report 600/2-91/065. U.S. Salinity Laboratory, Riverside, CA, USA.
   Google Scholar
• Watanabe, K. and Wake, T., 2008. Capillary bundle model of hydraulic conductivity for frozen soil. Water Resources Research, 44, 1927–1932.
   Google Scholar
• Wolfe, W.E. and Butalia, T.S., 2004. Seasonal instrumentation of SHRP pavement, Report No. FHWA/OH-2004/007.
   Google Scholar
• Yavuzturk, C. and Ksaibati, K., 2002. Assessment of fluctuations in asphalt pavement due to thermal environmental conditions using a two-dimensional transient finite differential approach. Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, University of Wyoming.
   Google Scholar
• Yuan, D. and Nazarian, S., 2004. Variation in moduli of base and subgrade with Moisture. Research Board 82nd Annual Meeting.
   Google Scholar
• Zapata, C.E., et al., 2000. Soil water characteristic curve variability. In: C.D.Shackelford, S.L.Houston, & N-YChang (eds), Advances in Unsaturated Geotechnics Geotechnical Special Publication No. 99. Denver, Co: ASCE Geo-Institute,84–124.
   Google Scholar