182
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Frost susceptibility of sub-base gravel used in Pearl-Chain Bridges: an experimental investigation

ORCID Icon, &
Pages 986-998 | Received 21 Oct 2015, Accepted 22 Aug 2016, Published online: 11 Oct 2016

References

  • Anderson, D.M. , Williams, P.J. , Guymon, G.L. and Kane, D.L. , 1984. Principles of soil freezing and frost heaving. In: R.L. Berg and E.A. Wright , eds. Frost action and its control . New York: American Society of Civil Engineers, 1–21. ISBN 0-87262-395-5.
  • ASTM Standard D2434-68 . 2006. Standard test method for permeability of granular soils (constant head) , West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International. doi:10.1520/D2434-68R06.
  • ASTM Standard D4253-16 , 2016. Standard test methods for maximum index density and unit weight of soils using a vibratory table , West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International. doi: 10.1520/D4253-16.
  • ASTM Standard D5918-13 . 2013. Standard test methods for frost heave and thaw weakening susceptibility of soils , West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International. doi: 10.1520/D5918-13.
  • BEBO Arch Systems , 2009. Zürich: BEBO arch systems, installation guide , BEBO system technical documentation.
  • Beskow, G. , 1935. Soil freezing and frost heaving with special application to roads and railroads, trans. J.O. Osterberg. Evanston, IL: Technological Institute Northwestern University.
  • Casagrande, A. , 1931. A new theory of frost heaving: discussion. Vol. 11, Washington, DC: Highway Research Board. 168–172. ISSN: 0096–1027.
  • Chamberlain, E.J. , 1981. Frost susceptibility of soil. Review of index tests. Hanover, NH: U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory. Monograph 81–2.
  • DS Standard 450-1 . 2012. Fly ash for concrete -- part 1: definition, specifications and conformity criteria . Danish Standards: København.
  • DS Standard 933-1 . 2004. Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates -- part 1: determination of particle size distribution -- Sieving method . Danish Standards: København.
  • DS Standard 13285 . 2011. Unbound mixtures -- specifications . Danish Standards: København.
  • DS Standard 13286-5 . 2003. Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures -- part 5: test methods for laboratory reference density and water content -- vibrating table . Danish Standards: København.
  • DS Standard 13320 . 2009. Particle size analysis -- Laser diffraction methods . Danish Standards, Denmark: København.
  • Halding, P.S. , Hertz, K.D. , Petersen, E.V. and Kennedy, B. , 2015. Assembly and lifting of pearl-chain arches. In: Stang, H. and Braestrup, M. , eds. Proceedings of FIB symposium, 18–20 May 2015. Copenhagen: Danish Concrete Society, 185–186.
  • Hertz, K.D. , Castberg, A. and Christensen, J. , 2014. Super-light concrete decks for building floor slabs. Structural concrete , 15 (4), 522–529. doi: 10.1002/suco.201500062.
  • Hertz, K.D. , 2015. Super-light SL-Deck elements with fixed end connections. In: Stang, H. and Braestrup, M. , eds. Proceedings of FIB symposium, 18–20 May 2015. Copenhagen: Danish Concrete Society, 465–466.
  • Hutchinson, D. , 2004. Application and design of segmental precast arches. In: M.K. Yegian and E. Kavazanjian , eds. Proceedings of GeoTrans. Los Angeles, California, July 27–31 2004 . Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 452–459. ISBN 978-0-7844-0744-8.
  • Lambe, T.W. and Whitman, R.V. , 1969. Soil mechanics . New York: Wiley. ISBN 0-471-51192-7.
  • Lund, S.M. , Arvidsson, M. and Hansen, K.K. , 2015. Homogeneity and strength of mortar joints in Pearl-Chain Bridges. In: Stang, H. and Braestrup, M. , eds. Proceedings of FIB symposium, 18–20 May 2015 Copenhagen: Danish Concrete Society, 187–188.
  • Lund, M.S.M. , Hansen, K.K. , Truelsen, R. and Johansen, L. , 2016. Pervious concrete fill in Pearl-Chain Bridges: using small-scale results in full-scale implementation. Construction and Building Materials , 106, 404–414.
  • NCC Denmark , 2001. Road construction – materials – wearing surfaces – pavements . 3rd ed. Copenhagen: NCC. Danish.
  • Rempel, A.W. , 2007. Formation of ice lenses and frost heave. Journal of Geophysical Research , 112 , F02S21. doi: 10.1029/2006JF000525
  • Rempel, A.W. , 2010. Frost heave. Journal of Glaciology , 56 (200), 1122–1128.
  • Sihwa, L. , 1987. Computer data base assessment of masonry bridges. Thesis (PhD). University of Edinburgh, UK.
  • Sub-base of Sand and Gravel -- Design Guide , 2003. København: Tender specification. The Danish Road Directorate. ISBN: 87-7923-502-6. Danish.
  • Sub-base of Sand and Gravel -- General Work Specification (GWS) . 2003. København: tender specification. The Danish Road Directorate. ISBN: 87-7923-503-4. Danish.
  • Taber, S. , 1929. Frost heaving. The Journal of Geology , 37 (5), 428–461.
  • Taber, S. , 1930. The mechanics of frost heaving. The Journal of Geology , 38 (4), 303–317.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.