491
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Hydraulic characteristics of stabilised expansive subgrade soils in road pavements

, , ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, &
Pages 3129-3146 | Received 14 Sep 2020, Accepted 22 Jan 2021, Published online: 16 Feb 2021

References

  • Agarwal, P, and Kaur, S, 2014. Effect of bio-enzyme stabilization on unconfined compressive strength of expansive soil. International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, 3 (5), 30–33.
  • Aldaood, A, Bouasker, M, and Al-Mukhtar, M, 2014. Soil–water characteristic curve of lime treated gypseous soil. Applied Clay Science, 102, 128–138.
  • ARRB, 2009. Unsealed roads manual: guidelines to good practice. 3rd ed. Vermont South: ARRB Group.
  • AS, 1997. Limes and limestones. Part 1: Limes for building, AS 1672.1. Sydney, Australia: Standards Australia Limited.
  • ASTM, 2016. Standard test method for determination of the soil water characteristic curve for desorption using hanging column, pressure extractor, chilled mirror hygrometer, or Centrifuge, ASTM D6836. West Conshohocken, PA, United States: ASTM International.
  • Austroads, 2009. Guide to pavement technology Part 6: unsealed pavements. Sydney, Australia: Austroads Incorporated.
  • Banerjee, A, et al., 2019. Recent advancements in predicting the behaviour of un-saturated and expansive soils.
  • Banerjee, A, et al., 2020. Variation of resilient modulus of subgrade soils over a wide range of suction states. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 146 (9), 04020096.
  • Behnood, A, 2018. Soil and clay stabilization with calcium- and non-calcium-based additives: A state-of-the-art review of challenges, approaches and techniques. Transportation Geotechnics, 17, 14–32.
  • Benson, CH, and Daniel, DE, 1990. Influence of clods on the hydraulic conductivity of compacted clay. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 116 (8), 1231–1248.
  • Bhaskar, P, et al., 2020. Effect of fines on hysteretic hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soil. In: Geo-congress 2020: geo-systems, sustainability, geoenvironmental engineering, and unsaturated soil mechanics, Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 330–339.
  • Birle, E, Heyer, D, and Vogt, N, 2008. Influence of the initial water content and dry density on the soil–water retention curve and the shrinkage behavior of a compacted clay. Acta Geotechnica, 3 (3), 191.
  • Brooks, RH, and Corey, AT, 1964. Hydraulic properties of porous media. Colorado State University Hydrology Paper, 27 (3), 22–27.
  • Celik, E, and Nalbantoglu, Z, 2013. Effects of ground granulated blastfurnace slag (GGBS) on the swelling properties of lime-stabilized sulfate-bearing soils. Engineering Geology, 163, 20–25.
  • Chakraborty, S, and Nair, S, 2018. Impact of different hydrated cementitious phases on moisture-induced damage in lime-stabilised subgrade soils. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 19 (6), 1389–1405.
  • Chakraborty, S, and Nair, S, 2020. Impact of curing time on moisture-induced damage in lime-treated soils. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 21 (2), 215–227.
  • Chandler, N, Palson, J, and Burns, T, 2017. Capillary rise experiment to assess effectiveness of an enzyme soil stabilizer. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 54 (10), 1509–1517.
  • Elkady, TY, 2016. The effect of curing conditions on the unconfined compression strength of lime-treated expansive soils. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 17 (1), 52–69.
  • Elkady, TY, Al-Mahbashi, AM, and Al-Refeai, TO, 2015. Stress-dependent soil-water characteristic curves of lime-treated expansive clay. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 27 (3), 040141271–040141279.
  • Eujine, GN, Chandrakaran, S, and Sankar, N, 2017. Accelerated subgrade stabilization using enzymatic lime technique. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 29 (9), 04017085–04017087.
  • EkoSoil, 2015. Eko soil manual. Melbourne: Australia.
  • Fredlund, DG, Gan, JK, and Gallen, P, 1995. Suction measurements on compacted till specimens and indirect filter paper calibration technique. Transportation Research Record, 1481, 3–9.
  • Fredlund, DG and Rahardjo, H, 1993. Soil mechanics for unsaturated soils. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Fredlund, DG, and Xing, A, 1994. Equations for the soil-water characteristic curve. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 31 (4), 521–532.
  • Gallage, CPK, and Uchimura, T, 2010. Effects of dry density and grain size distribution on soil-water characteristic curves of sandy soils. Soils and Foundations, 50 (1), 161–172.
  • George, AM, et al., 2017. Understanding shallow slope failures on expansive soil embankments in north Texas using unsaturated soil property framework. PanAm Unsaturated Soils, 2017, 206–216.
  • Guney, Y, et al., 2007. Impact of cyclic wetting–drying on swelling behavior of lime-stabilized soil. Building and Environment, 42 (2), 681–688.
  • Han, Z, Zou, W-l, and Wang, X-q, 2020. Predicting water retention curve and resilient modulus of compacted natural and recycled pavement unbound granular materials. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 1–14. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2020.1714618.
  • Ho, XN, et al., 2015. Effective stress concept for the effect of hydraulic hysteresis on the resilient behaviour of low traffic pavements. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 16 (9), 842–856.
  • Jafari, N, et al., 2019. Integrated full-scale physical experiments and numerical modeling of the performance and rehabilitation of highway embankments.
  • Kalra, N, et al., 1998. Flyash as a soil conditioner and fertilizer. Bioresource Technology, 64 (3), 163–167.
  • Kaneza, N, et al., 2020. Resilient modulus of expansive soils in North Texas treated with liquid ionic soil stabilizer (LISS). In: Geo-congress 2020: foundations, soil improvement, and erosion, Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 601–611.
  • Karumanchi, SR, Singh, D, and Mandal, A, 2020. Study on swelling and shrinkage behaviour of unsaturated soils from material characteristics. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 21 (5), 1274–1292.
  • Khan, MU, et al., 2019. A case study on pavement performance due to extreme moisture intrusion at untreated layers. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 20 (11), 1309–1322.
  • Kumar, A, Walia, BS, and Bajaj, A, 2007. Influence of fly ash, lime, and polyester fibers on compaction and strength properties of expansive soil. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 19 (3), 242–248.
  • Likos, WJ, and Lu, N, 2002. Filter paper technique for measuring total soil suction. Transportation Research Record, 1786 (1), 120–128.
  • Lin, B, and Cerato, A, 2012. Investigation on soil–water characteristic curves of untreated and stabilized highly clayey expansive soils. Geotechnical & Geological Engineering, 30 (4), 803–812.
  • Lin, B, and Cerato, A, 2013. Hysteretic soil water characteristics and cyclic swell–shrink paths of compacted expansive soils. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 72 (1), 61–70.
  • Malaya, C, and Sreedeep, S, 2010. A study on the influence of measurement procedures on suction-water content relationship of a sandy soil. Journal of Testing and Evaluation, 38 (6), 691–699.
  • Malaya, C, and Sreedeep, S, 2012. Critical review on the parameters influencing soil-water characteristic curve. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 138 (1), 55–62.
  • Marinho, F, and Stuermer, M. The influence of the compaction energy on the SWCC of a residual soil, pp. 125–141.
  • Miller, CJ, et al., 2002. Impact of soil type and compaction conditions on soil water characteristic. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 128 (9), 733.
  • Moghal, AAB, Chittoori, BC, and Basha, BM, 2018. Effect of fibre reinforcement on CBR behaviour of lime-blended expansive soils: reliability approach. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 19 (3), 690–709.
  • Mowafy, M, and Bauer, GE, 1985. Prediction of swelling pressure and factors affecting the swell behaviour of an expansive soils. Transportation Research Record, 1032, 23–28.
  • Mualem, Y, 1976. A new model for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated porous media. Water Resources Research, 12 (3), 513–522.
  • Naagesh, S, and Gangadhara, S, 2011. Swelling properties of bio-enzyme treated expansive soil. International Journal of Engineering Studies, 4 (2), 555–560.
  • Nam, S, et al., 2010. Comparison of testing techniques and models for establishing the SWCC of riverbank soils. Engineering Geology, 110 (1-2), 1–10.
  • Ng, CW, and Pang, Y, 2000a. Experimental investigations of the soil-water characteristics of a volcanic soil. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 37 (6), 1252–1264.
  • Ng, CW, and Pang, Y, 2000b. Influence of stress state on soil-water characteristics and slope stability. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 126 (2), 157–166.
  • Okeke, CA, 2019. Engineering behaviour of lime-and waste ceramic dust-stabilized expansive soil under continuous leaching. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 79(4), 1–17.
  • Pan, H, Qing, Y, and Pei-yong, L, 2010. Direct and indirect measurement of soil suction in the laboratory. Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 15 (3), 1–14.
  • Parsons, Rl, and Milburn, JP, 2003. Engineering behavior of stabilized soils. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1837 (1), 20–29.
  • Patel, U, Singh, S, and Chaudhari, S, 2018. Effect of Bio enzyme–TerraZyme on compaction, consistency limits and strength characteristics of expansive soil. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, 5 (3), 1602–1605.
  • Pedarla, A, Chittoori, S, and Puppala, AJ, 2011. Influence of mineralogy and plasticity index on the stabilization effectiveness of expansive clays. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2212 (1), 91–99.
  • Pooni, J, et al., 2019. Durability of enzyme stabilized expansive soil in road pavements subjected to moisture degradation. Transportation Geotechnics, 21, 100255.
  • Pooni, J, et al., 2020. Stabilisation of expansive soils subjected to moisture fluctuations in unsealed road pavements. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 1–13. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2020.1762083.
  • Prusinski, JR, and Bhattacharja, S, 1999. Effectiveness of Portland cement and lime in Stabilizing clay soils. Transportation Research Record, 1652 (1), 215–227.
  • Puppala, AJ, Manosuthikij, T, and Chittoori, BC, 2013. Swell and shrinkage characterizations of unsaturated expansive clays from Texas. Engineering Geology, 164, 187–194.
  • Puppala, AJ, Manosuthikij, T, and Chittoori, BC, 2014. Swell and shrinkage strain prediction models for expansive clays. Engineering Geology, 168, 1–8.
  • Puppala, AJ, Punthutaecha, K, and Vanapalli, SK, 2006. Soil-water characteristic curves of stabilized expansive soils. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 132 (6), 736–751.
  • Rauch, A, et al., 2002. Measured effects of liquid soil Stabilizers on engineering properties of clay. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1787 (1), 33–41.
  • Rauch, A, Katz, L, and Liljestrand, H, 2003. An analysis of the mechanisms and efficacy of three liquid chemical soil stabilizers: volume 1. Center for Transportation Research, The University of Texas at Austin.
  • Renjith, R, et al., 2020. Optimization of enzyme-based soil stabilization. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 32 (5), 04020091.
  • Richards, B, 1990. Footings for small and domestic structures. Linn Education and Training Services, Brisbane, Australia, vol.
  • Romero, E, Gens, A, and Lloret, A, 1999. Water permeability, water retention and microstructure of unsaturated compacted boom clay. Engineering Geology, 54 (1-2), 117–127.
  • Roodi, GH, and Zornberg, JG, 2020. Long-term field evaluation of a geosynthetic-stabilized roadway founded on expansive clays. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 146 (4), 05020001.
  • Rosone, M, Celauro, C, and Ferrari, A, 2020. Microstructure and shear strength evolution of a lime-treated clay for use in road construction. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 21 (9), 1147–1158.
  • Russo, G, 2005. Water retention curves of lime stabilised soil. In: Advanced experimental unsaturated soil mechanics. EXPERUS 2005, Italy, 391–396.
  • Saad, B, 2014. Analysis of excess water impact on the structural performance of flexible pavements. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 15 (5), 409–426.
  • Salehi, M, and Sivakugan, N, 2009. Effects of lime-clay modification on the consolidation behavior of the dredged mud. Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering, 135 (6), 251–258.
  • Scholen, DE 1992, Non-standard stabilizers. Washington, D.C.
  • Shah, K, and Shah, M, 2016. Soil stabilization using terrazyme. International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development, 3 (12), 359–365.
  • Shaka, PM, and Shaka, SM, 2016. Laboratory investigation on black cotton soils and red soil stabilized using enzyme. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, 3 (6), 325–330.
  • Shankar, AR, Mithanthaya, R, and Lekha, B, 2012. Laboratory studies on bio-enzyme stabilized lateritic soil as a highway material. Paper presented to Workshop on Non-Conventional Materials/Technologies, New Delhi,.
  • Shankar, AR, Rai, HK, and Mithanthaya, R, 2009. Bio-enzyme stabilized lateritic soil as a highway material. Indian Roads Congress Journal, 70 (2), 143–151.
  • Sheng, D, et al., 2008. Unsaturated soils: from constitutive modelling to numerical algorithms. Computers and Geotechnics, 35 (6), 810–824.
  • Sillers, WS, Fredlund, DG, and Zakerzadeh, N., 2001. Mathematical attributes of some soil—water characteristic curve models. In DG Toll, ed. Unsaturated soil concepts and their application in geotechnical practice. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 243–283. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9775-3_3
  • Sreedeep, S, and Singh, D, 2005. A study to investigate the influence of soil properties on suction. Journal of Testing and Evaluation, 33 (1), 61–66.
  • Thakur, VK, Sreedeep, S, and Singh, DN, 2005. Parameters affecting soil–water characteristic curves of fine-grained soils. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 131 (4), 521–524.
  • Tingle, J, et al., 2007. Stabilization mechanisms of nontraditional additives. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1989 (1), 59–67.
  • Tinjum, JM, Benson, CH, and Blotz, LR, 1997. Soil-water characteristic curves for compacted clays. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 123 (11), 1060–1069.
  • Topp, GC, Davis, JL, and Annan, AP, 1980. Electromagnetic determination of soil water content: measurements in coaxial transmission lines. Water Resources Research, 16 (3), 574–582.
  • van Genuchten, MT, 1980. A closed-form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated Soils1. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 44 (5), 892–898.
  • Velasquez, RA, Marasteanu, MO, and Hozalski, RM, 2006. Investigation of the effectiveness and mechanisms of enzyme products for subgrade stabilization. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 7 (3), 213–220.
  • Venkatasubramanian, C, and Dhinakaran, G, 2011. Effect of bio-enzymatic soil stabilisation on unconfined compressive strength and California bearing ratio. Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 6 (5), 295–298.
  • Yang, H, et al., 2004. Factors affecting drying and wetting soil-water characteristic curves of sandy soils. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 41 (5), 908–920.
  • Zhang, J, et al., 2020. Hydro-mechanical behavior of expansive soils with different dry densities over a wide suction range. Acta Geotechnica, 15 (1), 265–278.
  • Zornberg, JG, et al., 2017. Geosynthetics with enhanced lateral drainage capabilities in roadway systems. Transportation Geotechnics, 12, 85–100.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.