Prediction of top-down crack resistance in semi-flexible pavements under coupling effect of rutted surface and temperature gradient

References

• Al-Qadi, I. L, Xie, W, and Elseifi, M. A, 2008. Frequency determination from vehicular loading time pulse to predict appropriate complex modulus in MEPDG. Asphalt Paving Technology-Proceedings, 77, 739–771. 01131427.
   Google Scholar
• Alae, M, et al., 2020. Effects of layer interface conditions on top-down fatigue cracking of asphalt pavements. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 21 (3), 280–288. doi:10.1080/10298436.2018.1461870.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alae, M, et al., 2022. Viscoelastic analysis of surface responses in flexible pavements under different loading conditions. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 23 (10), 2227–2249. doi:10.1080/14680629.2021.1963816.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alae, M, Zhao, Y, and Leng, Z, 2021. Effects of ageing, temperature and frequency-dependent properties of asphalt concrete on top-down cracking. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 22 (10), 2289–2309. doi:10.1080/14680629.2020.1753099.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• An, S, et al., 2018. Laboratory and field evaluation of a novel cement grout asphalt composite. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 30 (8), 04018179. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002376.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Assogba, O.C, et al., 2020. Finite-element simulation of instrumented asphalt pavement response under moving vehicular load. International Journal of Geomechanics, 20 (3), doi:10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0001616.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baladi, G.Y, Schorsch, M, and Svasdisant, T, 2003. Determining the causes of top-down cracks in bituminous pavements. Report to Michigan Department of Transportation (Report No. MDOT-PRCEMSU-2003-110), 01115805.
   Google Scholar
• Bharath, G, et al., 2019. Laboratory and field evaluation of cement grouted bituminous mixes. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 21 (6), 1694–1712. doi:10.1080/14680629.2019.1567375.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cai, J, et al., 2017. Comprehensive service properties evaluation of composite grouting materials with high-performance cement paste for semi-flexible pavement. Construction and Building Materials, 153, 544–556. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.07.122.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cai, X, et al., 2020. Damage analysis of semi-flexible pavement material under axial compression test based on acoustic emission technique. Construction and Building Materials, 239. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117773.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Canestrari, F, Ingrassia, L. P, and Virgili, A, 2022. A semi-empirical model for top-down cracking depth evolution in thick asphalt pavements with open-graded friction courses. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition), 9 (2), 244–260. doi:10.1016/j.jtte.2021.06.001.
   Google Scholar
• Chun, S, et al., 2018. Evaluation of top-down cracking potential for asphalt pavements with 4.75 mm nominal maximum aggregate size mixture layer using full-scale field tests and finite element analysis. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 19 (5), 1089–1101. doi:10.1080/14680629.2017.1300596.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davoodi, A, et al., 2022. Influence of nano-silica modified rubber mortar and EVA modified porous asphalt on the performance improvement of modified semi-flexible pavement. Construction and Building Materials, 337. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.127573.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drakos, C. A, 2003. Identification of a physical model to evaluate rutting performance of asphalt mixtures. PhD Dissertation, University of Florida.
   Google Scholar
• Fang, B, Xu, T, and Shi, S, 2015. Laboratory study on cement slurry formulation and its strength mechanism for semi-flexible pavement. Journal of Testing and Evaluation, 44 (2), 20150230.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freitas, E. F, et al., 2005. Construction quality, temperature and rutting effect on top-down cracking initiation. Transportation Research Record, 1929. Washington, DC, pp. 174–182.
   Google Scholar
• Garber, S, Rasmussen, R. O, and Harrington, D, 2011. Guide to cement-based integrated pavement solutions. National Concrete Pavement Technology Center, Institute for Transportation, Iowa State University.
   Google Scholar
• Gillespie, T. D, et al., 1993. Effects of heavy-vehicle characteristics on pavement response and performance. Transportation Research Board. NCHRP Report 353.
   Google Scholar
• Gong, M, et al., 2019. Evaluation on the cracking resistance of semi-flexible pavement mixture by laboratory research and field validation. Construction and Building Materials, 207, 387–395. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.02.064.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harmelink, D, and Aschenbrener, T, 2003. Extent of top-down cracking in Colorado (Report No. CDOTDTD-R-2003-7). Denver, CO: Colorado Department of Transportation. 00961945.
   Google Scholar
• Harvey, J, et al., 2001. Tests to evaluate the stiffness and permanent deformation characteristics of asphalt/binder-aggregate mixes, and their use in mix design and analysis. Journal of the Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists, 70, 572–604.
   Google Scholar
• Holewinski, J.M, et al., 2003. Investigation of factors related to surface-initiated cracks in flexible pavements. Final Report, Report No.: MN/RC - 2003-07, Minnesota Department of Transportation, St. Paul, Minnesota.
   Google Scholar
• Hou, S, Xu, T, and Huang, K, 2016. Investigation into engineering properties and strength mechanism of grouted macadam composite materials. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 17 (10), 878–886. doi:10.1080/10298436.2015.1024467.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, J, Roque, R, and Byron, T, 2009. Viscoelastic analysis of flexible pavements and its effects on top-down cracking. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 21 (7), 324–332. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2009)21:7(324).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, J, Sholar, G. A, and Moseley, H. L, 2007. Evaluation of Segregation for Top-Down Cracking and Rutting Performance and Detecting Low-Performance Segregated Mixtures. Research Report: FL/DOT/SMO/06-500.
   Google Scholar
• Lim, S, and Zollinger, D. G, 2003. Estimation of the compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of cement-treated aggregate base materials. Transportation Research Record, 1837 (1), 30–38. doi:10.3141/1837-0.
   Google Scholar
• Ling, T. Q, et al., 2009. The application of semi-flexible pavement on heavy traffic roads. International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology, 2 (5), 211–217.
   Google Scholar
• Ling, S, et al., 2022. Mechanical properties of pouring semi-flexible pavement material and engineering estimation on contribution of each phase. Construction and Building Materials, 315. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.125782.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, Z, et al., 2022. Analysis of dynamic responses of asphalt pavement based on full-scale accelerated testing and finite element simulation. Construction and Building Materials, 325. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.126429.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo, S, et al., 2020. Open-graded asphalt concrete grouted by latex modified cement mortar. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 21 (1), 61–77. doi:10.1080/14680629.2018.1479290.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohammad, F.A, Collop, A.C, and Brown, S.F, 2005. Effects of surface cracking on responses in flexible pavements. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers: Transport, 158 (2), 127–134. doi:10.1680/tran.2005.158.2.127.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NCHRP 1-37A, 2004. Guide for mechanistic–empirical design of new and rehabilitated pavement structures (Final Report). National Cooperative Highway Research Program, Washington, DC Transportation Research Program, National Research Council, 1–219.
   Google Scholar
• Novak, M, Birgisson, B, and Roque, R, 2003. Near-surface stress states in flexible pavements using measured radial tire contact stresses and ADINA. Computers and Structures, 81 (8–11), 859–870. doi:10.1016/S0045-7949(02)00413-3.
   Google Scholar
• Rahman, A, Huang, H, and Ai, C, 2021. Effect of shear stresses on asphalt pavement performance and evaluating debonding potential under repeated loading: numerical study. Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part B: Pavements, 147 (3), 1–17. doi:10.1061/JPEODX.0000283.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romanoschi, S. A, and Metcalf, J. B, 2001. Characterization of asphalt concrete layer interfaces. Transportation Research Record, 1778 (1), 132–139. doi:10.3141/1778-16.
   Google Scholar
• Salama, H.K, Chatti, K, and Lyles, R.W, 2006. Effect of heavy multiple axle trucks on flexible pavement damage using in-service pavement performance data. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 132 (10), 763–770. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-947X(2006)132:10(763).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Setyawan, A, 2006. Development of semi-flexible heavy-duty pavements Ph.D. thesis. University of Leeds.
   Google Scholar
• Standard, C, 2011. Standard test methods of bitumen and bituminous mixtures for highway engineering. JTG E20; Ministry of Transport of the People’s Republic of China: Beijing, China.
   Google Scholar
• Sun, Y, et al., 2019. Analysis of load-induced top-down cracking initiation in asphalt pavements using a two-dimensional microstructure-based multiscale finite element method. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 216. doi:10.1016/j.engfracmech.2019.106497.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toraldo, E, 2013. Comparative laboratory investigation into pavement materials for road tunnels. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 14 (2), 310–324. doi:10.1080/14680629.2013.794366.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uzan, J, Livneh, M, and Eshed, Y, 1978. Investigation of adhesion properties between asphaltic-concrete layers. Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists Proceeding, 47, 495–521.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, L.B, et al., 2003. Micromechanics study on top-down cracking. Transportation Research Record, 1853, 121–133. doi:10.3141/1853-14.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, H, et al., 2013. Analysis of near-surface cracking under critical loading conditions using uncracked and cracked pavement models. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 139 (10), 992–1000. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)TE.1943-5436.0000562.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, H, and Al-Qadi, I.L, 2011. Impact quantification of wide-base tire loading on secondary road flexible pavements. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 137 (9), 630–639. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)TE.1943-5436.0000245.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, S, et al., 2019. Field performance of top-down fatigue cracking for warm mix asphalt pavements. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 20 (1), 33–43. doi:10.1080/10298436.2016.1248204.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao, F, et al., 2019. Impacts of high modulus agent and anti-rutting agent on performances of airfield asphalt pavement. Construction and Building Materials, 204, 1–9. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.01.138.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao, X, et al., 2022. Numerical and experimental investigation of reduced temperature effect on asphalt concrete waterproofing layer in high-speed railway. International Journal of Rail Transportation, 1–17. doi:10.1080/23248378.2022.2081879.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoo, P.J, et al., 2006. Flexible pavement responses to different loading amplitudes considering layer interface condition and lateral shear forces. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 7 (1), 73–86. doi:10.1080/10298430500516074.
   Google Scholar
• Zarei, S, et al., 2020. Experimental analysis of semi-flexible pavement by using an appropriate cement asphalt emulsion paste. Construction and Building Materials, 230. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.116994.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zarei, S, et al., 2022a. Rutting and surface-initiated cracking mechanisms of semi-flexible pavements with cement asphalt emulsion pastes. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 1–15. doi:10.1080/10298436.2021.2024187.
   Google Scholar
• Zarei, S, Ouyang, J, and Zhao, Y, 2022b. Evaluation of fatigue life of semi-flexible pavement with cement asphalt emulsion pastes. Construction and Building Materials, 349, 128797. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.128797.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, J, et al., 2017. Characterizing the three-stage rutting behavior of asphalt pavement with semi-rigid base using UMAT in ABAQUS. Construction and Building Materials, 140, 496–507. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.02.152.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, Y, Alae, M, and Fu, G, 2018. Investigation of mechanisms of top-down fatigue cracking of asphalt pavement. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 19 (6), 1436–1447. doi:10.1080/14680629.2017.1303394.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, Y. Q, Zhou, C. H, and Tan, Y. Q, 2009. Effects of layer interface conditions on fatigue behavior of asphalt pavements with semi-rigid bases. Ninth international conference of Chinese transportation professionals (ICCTP): Critical issues in transportation systems planning, development, and management, August 5–9, China, pp. 1-10. doi: 10.1061/41064(358)340.
   Google Scholar
• Zhong, K, et al., 2020. Interfacial and mechanical performance of grouted open-graded asphalt concrete with latex modified cement mortar. Construction and Building Materials, 234, 117394. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117394.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar