The unanticipated road to skills wastage for skilled migrants: the non-recognition of overseas qualifications and experience (ROQE)

References

• Al Ariss, A., and J. Syed. 2010. “Capital Mobilization of Skilled Migrants: A Relational Perspective.” British Journal of Management 22 (2): 286–304. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8551.2010.00734.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Almeida, S., M. Fernando, and A. Sheridan. 2012. “Revealing the Screening: Organizational Factors Influencing the Recruitment of Immigrant Professionals.” The International Journal of Human Resource Management 23 (9): 1950–1965. doi:10.1080/09585192.2011.616527.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersson, P., and A. Osman. 2008. “Recognition of Prior Learning as a Practice for Differential Inclusion and Exclusion of Immigrants in Sweden’.” Adult Education Quarterly 59 (1): 42–60. doi:10.1177/0741713608325173.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bahn, S., L. Barratt-Pugh, and G. Yap. 2012. “The Employment of Skilled Migrants on Temporary 457 Visas in Australia: Emerging Issues.” Labour & Industry: A Journal of the Social and Economic Relations of Work 22 (4): 379–398. doi:10.1080/10301763.2012.10669447.
   Google Scholar
• Banerjee, R., and M. Phan. 2014. “Licensing Requirements and Occupational Mobility among Highly Skilled New Immigrants in Canada.” Relations Industrielles 69 (2): 290–315. doi:10.7202/1025030ar.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basran, G., and L. Zong. 1998. “Devaluation of Foreign Credentials as Perceived by Visible Minority Professional Immigrants.” Canadian Ethnic Studies 30 (3): 6–18.
   Google Scholar
• Becker, G. S. 1976. Human Capital. New York, NY: National Bureau of Economic Research.
   Google Scholar
• Cameron, R. 2011. “Responding to Australia’s Regional Skill Shortages through Regional Skilled Migration.” Journal of Economic and Social Policy 14 (3): Article 4.
   Google Scholar
• Cameron, R., D. Joyce, P. Kell, and M. Wallace. 2013. “Onshore Skilled Migrant Engineers: Skills Wastage and Atrophy.” Australian Bulletin of Labour 39 (1): 88–111.
   Google Scholar
• Carr, S. C. 2004. Globalization and Culture at Work: Exploring Their Combined Locality. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer-Plenum.
   Google Scholar
• Casado, R., and D. Caspersz. 2016. “From ‘Opportunity’ to ‘Insecurity’: The Psychological Contract of Highly Skilled Immigrants in Western Australia.” Labour & Industry: a Journal of the Social and Economic Relations of Work 26 (3): 190–202. doi:10.1080/10301763.2016.1211581.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coates, K., and S. Carr. 2005. “Skilled Immigrants and Selection Bias: A Theory-Based Field Study from New Zealand.” International Journal of Intercultural Relations 29 (5): 577–599. doi:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2005.05.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Constable, J., R. Wagner, M. Childs, and A. Natoli. 2004. Doctors Become Taxi Drivers: Recognising Skills-Not as Easy as It Sounds, Office of Employment, Equity and Diversity. Sydney: Public Employment Office, Premiers department of NSW.
   Google Scholar
• Creswell, J. W., and V. L. Plano Clark. 2007. Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research. London: Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Dietz, J., C. Joshi, V. Esses, L. Hamilton, and F. Gabarrot. 2015. “The Skill Paradox: Explaining and Reducing Employment Discrimination against Skilled Immigrants.” The International Journal of Human Resource Management 26 (10): 1318–1334. doi:10.1080/09585192.2014.990398.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fang, T., J. Zikic, and M. Novicevic. 2009. “Career Success of Immigrant Professionals: Stock and Flow of Their Career Capital.” International Journal of Manpower 30 (5): 472–488. doi:10.1108/01437720910977661.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernando, M., S. Almeida, and S. Dharmage. 2015. “Employer Perceptions of Migrant Candidates’ Suitability: The Influence of Decision-Maker and Organisational Characteristics.” Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources 54 (4): 445–464. doi:10.1111/1744-7941.12091.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernando, M., S. Almeida, and S. Dharmage. 2016. “Employer Perceptions Of Migrant Candidates’ Suitability: The Influence Of Decision-maker and Organisational Characteristics.” Asia Pacific Journal Of Human Resources 54: 445–464. doi:10.1111/aphr.2016.54.issue-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foroutan, Y. 2008. “Migration Differentials in Women’s Market Employment: An Empirical and Multicultural Analysis.” The International Migration Review 42 (3): 675–703. doi:10.1111/j.1747-7379.2008.00142.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foroutan, Y. 2009. “Migration and Gender Roles: The Typical Work Pattern of the MENA Women.” The International Migration Review 43 (4): 974–992. doi:10.1111/j.1747-7379.2009.00791.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foroutan, Y. 2011. “Multiculturalism and Women’s Employment: A Sociological Perspective.” New Zealand Sociology 26 (1): 122–142. https://search-proquest-com.dbgw.lis.curtin.edu.au/docview/874476803?accountid=10382.
   Google Scholar
• Freidson, E. 1986. Professional Powers: A Study of the Institutionalization of Formal Knowledge. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Grant, P., and S. Nadin. 2007. “The Credentialing Problems of Foreign Trained Personnel from Asia and Africa Intending to Make Their Home in Canada: A Social Psychological Perspective.” Journal of Lnternational Migration and Integration 8 (2): 141–162. doi:10.1007/s12134-007-0011-2.
   Google Scholar
• Guo, S. 2009. “Difference, Deficiency and Devaluation: Tracing the Roots of Non-Recognition of Foreign Credentials for Immigrant Professionals in Canada.” Canadian Journal for the Study of Adult Education 22 (1): 37–52.
   Google Scholar
• Guo, S., and D. DeVoretz. 2006. “Chinese Immigrants in Vancouver: Quo Vadis.” Journal of International Migration and Integration 7 (4): 425–447.
   Google Scholar
• Harris, J. 2000. RPL: Power, Pedagogy and Possibility. Pretoria: Human Sciences Research Council.
   Google Scholar
• Harris, J. 2001. “Conceptualising the Recognition of Prior Learning: Roots and Routes Paper Presented at SCUTREA.” 31st Annual Conference, July 3–5, University of East London.
   Google Scholar
• Harvey, W., . S., and D. Groutsis. 2014. “Reputation and Talent Mobility in the Asia Pacific.” Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources 53 (1): 22–40. doi:10.1111/1744-7941.12047.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawthorne, L. 2002. “Qualifications Recognition Reform for Skilled Migrants in Australia: Applying Competency-Based Assessment to Overseas-Qualified Nurses.” International Migration 40 (6): 55–91. doi:10.1111/imig.2002.40.issue-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawthorne, L. 2013. Recognizing Foreign Qualifications: Emerging Global Trends. Washington, DC: Migration Policy Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Iredale, R. 1987. Wasted Skills: Barriers to Migrant Entry to Occupations in Australia. Sydney: Ethnic Affairs Commission of NSW.
   Google Scholar
• Kerr, S. P., W. Kerr, Ç. Özden, and C. Parsons. 2017. “High-Skilled Migration and Agglomeration.” Annual Review of Economics 9 (1): 201–234. doi:10.1146/annurev-economics-063016-103705.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwon, D.-B. 2009. “Human Capital and Its Measurement.” The 3rd World Forum on Statistics, Knowledge and Policy Charting Progress, Building Visions, Improving Life, Busan, Koresa: OECD, 27–30 October. www.oecd.org/site/progresskorea/44109779.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Li, P. S. 2008. “Immigration from China to Canada in the Age of Globalization: Issues of Brain Gain and Brain Loss.” Pacific Affairs 1 (2): 217–239. doi:10.5509/2008812217.
   Google Scholar
• Mansour, M. 1996. “Qualifications alone will not get you the job you want: Integrating into the Quebec labour market with foreign credentials.” Unpublished master’s thesis. Montreal, Quebec: Concordia University.
   Google Scholar
• Massey, S. J., . L., and N. Parr. 2012. “The Socio-Economic Status of Migrant Populations in Regional and Rural Australia and Its Implications for Future Population Policy.” Journal of Population Research 29 (1): 1–21. doi:10.1007/s12546-011-9079-9.
   Google Scholar
• Mendoza, D. R., D. G. Papademetriou, M. V. Desiderio, B. Salant, K. Hooper, and T. Elwood. 2017. Reinventing Mutual Recognition Arrangements: Lessons from International Experiences and Insights for the ASEAN Region. Washington, DC: Migration Policy Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Misko, J. 2012. The Role of Qualifications in Foreign Labour Mobility in Australia. Adelaide: NCVER.
   Google Scholar
• Mpofu, C., and C. Hocking. 2013. “‘Not Made Here’: Occupational Deprivation of Non-English Speaking Background Immigrant Health Professionals in New Zealand.” Journal of Occupational Science 20 (2): 131–145. doi:10.1080/14427591.2012.729500.
   Google Scholar
• OECD. 1997. Glossary of Environment Statistics, Studies in Methods, Series F, No. 67. New York, NY: United Nations.
   Google Scholar
• Oswick, C., P. Fleming, and G. Hanlon. 2011. “From Borrowing to Blending: Rethinking the Processes of Organizational Theory Building.” Academy of Management Review 36 (2): 318–337.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reitz, J. G. 2001. “Immigrant Skill Utilization in the Canadian Labour Market: Implications of Human Capital Research.” Journal of International Migration and Integration 2 (3): 347–3711. doi:10.1007/s12134-001-1004-1.
   Google Scholar
• Productivity Commission. 2015. “Mutual Recognition Schemes,” Research Report, Canberra.
   Google Scholar
• Shah, C., and G. Burke 2005. “Skilled Migration: Australia.” Working Paper no.63, December. Centre for the Economics of Education and Training, Monash University. http://www.education.monash.edu.au/centres/ceet/docs/workingpapers/wp63dec05shah.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Souto-Otero, M., and Villalba-Garcia. 2015. “Migration and Validation of Non-Formal and Informal Learning in Europe: Inclusion, Exclusion or Polarisation in the Recognition of Skills?” International Review of Education 61: 585. doi:10.1007/s11159-015-9516-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sumption, M., D. G. Papademetriou, and S. Flamm. 2013. Skilled Immigrants in the Global Economy Prospects for International Cooperation on Recognition of Foreign Qualifications. Washington, DC: Migration Policy Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Wagner, R. 2006. “So, Doctors Become Taxi Drivers.” The International Journal Interdisciplinary Social Sciences 1: 155–162. doi:10.18848/1833-1882/CGP/v01i01/52244.
   Google Scholar
• Wagner, R., and M. Childs. 2006. “Exclusionary Narratives as Barriers to the Recognition of Qualifications, Skills and Experience–A Case of Skilled Migrants in Australia.” Studies in Continuing Education. 28 (1): 49–62. doi:10.1080/01580370500525707.
   Google Scholar
• Wanner, R. A. 2001. “Diagnosing and Preventing ‘Brain Waste’ in Canada’s Immigrant Population: A Synthesis of Comments on Reitz.” Journal of International Migration and Integration 2 (3): 417–428. doi:10.1007/s12134-001-1006-z.
   Google Scholar
• Zikic, J. 2014. “Skilled Migrants’ Career Capital as a Source of Competitive Advantage: Implications for Strategic HRM.” The International Journal of Human Resource Management 26 (10): 1360–1381. doi:10.1080/09585192.2014.981199.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zikic, J., J. Bonache, and J.-L. Cerdin. 2010. “Crossing National Boundaries: A Typology of Qualified Immigrants’ Career Orientations.” Journal of Organizational Behavior 31 (5): 667–686. doi:10.1002/job.705.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar