Employment incongruity and gender among Middle Eastern and North African skilled migrants in Australia

References

• Alcorso, C. 1991. “Non-English Speaking Background Immigrant Women in the Workforce” Centre for Multicultural Studies, University of Wollongong, Working paper 4, 1991, 132. http://ro.uow.edu.au/cmsworkpapers/5
   Google Scholar
• Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2020. “Characteristics of Recent Migrants, Australia, Nov 2019ʹ Table 4: Recent Migrants and Temporary Residents, Data Cube, Excel Spreadsheet, Cat. No. 6250.0” updated 25 July 2020. https://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/[email protected]/DetailsPage/6250.0Nov%202019?OpenDocument
   Google Scholar
• Birrell, B., and E. Healy. 2008. “How Are Skilled Migrants Doing?” People and Place 16 (1): 1–20.
   Google Scholar
• Booth, A. L., A. Leigh, and E. Varganova. 2012. “Does Ethnic Discrimination Vary across Minority Groups? Evidence from a Field Experiment.” Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 74 (4): 547–573. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0084.2011.00664.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borooah, V. K., and J. Mangan. 2007. “Living Here, Born There: The Economic Life of Australia’s Migrants.” European Journal of Political Economy 23 (2): 486–511. doi:10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2006.08.004.
   Google Scholar
• Cameron, R., F. Farivar, and J. Dantas. 2019. “The Unanticipated Road to Skills Wastage for Skilled Migrants: The Non-recognition of Overseas Qualifications and Experience (ROQE).” Labour & Industry: A Journal of the Social and Economic Relations of Work 29 (1): 80–97. doi:10.1080/10301763.2018.1554098.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charlesworth, S., and F. Macdonald. 2017. “Employment Regulation and Worker-Carers: Reproducing Gender Inequality in the Domestic and Market Spheres?” In Women, Labor Segmentation and Regulation, edited by D. Peetz, and G. Murray, 79–96. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Crenshaw, K. 1989. “Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics.” University of Chicago Legal Forum 140 (1): 139–167.
   Google Scholar
• Denord, F., J. Hjellbrekke, O. Korsnes, F. Lebaron, and B. Le Roux. 2011. “Social Capital in the Field of Power: The Case of Norway.” The Sociological Review 59 (1): 86–108. doi:10.1111/j.1467-954X.2010.01994.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Department of Home Affairs. 2019. “Skilled Migration Program- Legislative Instruments” Last updated 15 November 2019. https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/what-we-do/skilled-migration-program/what-we-do/legislative-instruments
   Google Scholar
• Drucker, P. 2014. Innovation and Entrepreneurship. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Dyer, S., L. McDowell, and A. Batnitzky. 2010. “The Impact of Migration on the Gendering of Service Work: The Case of a West London Hotel.” Gender, Work, and Organization 17 (6): 635–657. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0432.2009.00480.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fang, T., J. Ziki, and M. Novicevic. 2009. “Career Success of Immigrant Professionals: Stock and Flow of Their Career Capital.” International Journal of Manpower 30 (5): 472–488. doi:10.1108/01437720910977661.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foroutan, Y. 2009. “Migration and Gender Roles: The Typical Work Pattern of the MENA Women.” International Migration Review 43 (4): 974–992. doi:10.1111/j.1747-7379.2009.00791.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foroutan, Y. 2015. “Gender, Migration, and Religion: MENA Muslim Migrants in Australia from a Socio-demographic Perspective.” Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs 35 (4): 520–532. doi:10.1080/13602004.2015.1112118.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forret, M., and T. W. Dougherty. 2004. “Networking Behaviors and Career Outcomes: Differences for Men and Women?” Journal of Organizational Behavior 25 (3): 419–437. doi:10.1002/job.253.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fozdar, F. 2012. “Social Cohesion and Skilled Muslim Refugees in Australia: Employment, Social Capital and Discrimination.” Journal of Sociology 48 (2): 167–186. doi:10.1177/1440783311413482.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frank, K., and F. Hou. 2016. “Beyond Culture: Source Country Female Labour Force Participation and the Earnings of Immigrant Women.” Work, Employment and Society 30 (3): 410–435. doi:10.1177/0950017015587874.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Granovetter, M. S. 1973. “The Strength of Weak Ties.” American Journal of Sociology 78 (6): 1360–1380. doi:10.1086/225469.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawthorne, L. 1997. “The Question of Discrimination: Skilled Migrants’ Access to Australian Employment.” International Migration 35 (3): 395–420. doi:10.1111/1468-2435.00019.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawthorne, L. 2016. “Labour Market Outcomes for Migrant Professionals: Canada and Australia Compared” Accessed SSRN https://ssrn.com/abstract=2808943
   Google Scholar
• Junakar, P. R., and S. Mahuteau. 2005. “Do Migrants Get Good Jobs? New Migrant Settlement in Australia.” The Economics Record 81 (255): S34–S46. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4932.2005.00249.x.
   Google Scholar
• Jupp, J. 2004. “Immigration to Australia.” Teaching History 38 (1): 7–10.
   Google Scholar
• Killian, C., and N. Manohar. 2016. “Highly Skilled Immigrant Women’s Labor Market Access: A Comparison of Indians in the United States and North Africans in France.” Th Southern Sociological Society 3 (2): 138–159.
   Google Scholar
• Kogan, I. 2011. “New Immigrants ̶ Old Disadvantage Patterns? Labour Market Integration of Recent Immigrants into Germany.” International Migration 49 (1): 91–117. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2435.2010.00609.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kostenko, W., M. Harris, and X. Zhoa. 2012. “Occupational Transition and Country-of- Origin Effects in the Early Stage Occupational Assimilation of Immigrants: Some Evidence from Australia.” Applied Economics 44 (31): 4019–4035. doi:10.1080/00036846.2011.587774.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leontaridi, M. R. 1998. “Segmented Labour Markets: Theory and Evidence.” Journal of Economic Surveys 12 (1): 103–109. doi:10.1111/1467-6419.00048.
   Google Scholar
• Linneberg, M. S., and S. Korsgaard. 2019. “Coding Qualitative Data: A Synthesis Guiding the Novice.” Qualitative Research Journal 19 (3): 259–270. doi:10.1108/QRJ-12-2018-0012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mattoo, A., I. C. Neagu, and Ç. Özden. 2008. “Brain Waste? Educated Immigrants in the US Labor Market.” Journal of Development Economics 87 (2): 255–269. doi:10.1016/j.jdeveco.2007.05.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ó Dwyer, M., and V. Colic-Peisker. 2016. “Facilitating the Professional Transition of Migrants in Australia: Does Gender Matters?” Australian Journal of Social Issues 51 (1): 47–66. doi:10.1002/j.1839-4655.2016.tb00364.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peetz, D., and G. Murray. 2017. “The Persistence of Gender Gaps.” In Women, Labor Segmentation and Regulation, edited by D. Peetz, and G. Murray, 235–255. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Purkayastha, B. 2005. “Skilled Migration and Cumulative Disadvantage: The Case of Highly Qualified Asian Indian Immigrant Women in the US.” Geoforum 36 (2): 181–196. doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2003.11.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raghuram, P. 2008. “Migrant Women in Male-dominated Sectors of the Labour Market: A Research Agenda.” Population, Space and Place 14 (1): 43–57. doi:10.1002/psp.472.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajendran, D., K. Farquharson, and C. Hewege. 2017. “Workplace Integration: The Lived Experiences of Highly Skilled Migrants in Australia.” Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal 36 (5): 437–456. doi:10.1108/EDI-11-2016-0094.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajendran, D., S. Ng, G. Sears, and N. Ayub. 2020. “Determinants of Migrant Career Success: A Study of Recent Skilled Migrants in Australia.” International Migration 58 (2): 30–51. doi:10.1111/imig.12586.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rebhun, U. 2008. “A Double Disadvantage? Immigration, Gender, and Employment Status in Israel.” European Journal of Population 24 (1): 87–113. doi:10.1007/s10680-007-9137-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Remennick, L. 2005. “Immigration, Gender, and Psychosocial Adjustment: A Study of 150 Immigrant Couples in Israel.” Sex Roles 53 (11–12): 847–863. doi:10.1007/s11199-005-8297-z.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ressia, S. 2010. “Starting from Scratch: Skilled Dual-Career Migrant Couples and Their Search for Employment in South East Queensland.” International Journal of Employment Studies 18 (1): 63–88.
   Google Scholar
• Ressia, S., G. Strachan, and J. Bailey. 2018. “Gender and Migration: The Experiences of Skilled Professional Women.” In Gender and the Professions, edited by K. Broadbent, G. Strachan, and G. Healy, 105–116. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Ressia, S., G. Strachan, and J. Bailey. 2017a. “Going up or Going Down? Occupational Mobility of Skilled Migrants in Australia.” Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources 55 (1): 64–85. doi:10.1111/1744-7941.12121.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ressia, S., G. Strachan, and J. Bailey. 2017b. “Operationalizing Intersectionality: An Approach to Uncovering the Complexity of the Migrant Job Search in Australia.” Gender, Work, and Organization 24 (4): 376–397. doi:10.1111/gwao.12172.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riaño, Y., and N. Baghdadi. 2007. “Understanding the Labour Market Participation of Skilled Immigrant Women in Switzerland: The Interplay of Class, Ethnicity, and Gender.” International Migration and Integration 8 (2): 163–183. doi:10.1007/s12134-007-0012-1.
   Google Scholar
• Rynderman, J., and C. Flynn. 2016. “We Didn’t Bring the Treasure of Pharaoh: Skilled Migrants’ Experiences of Employment Seeking and Settling in Australia.” International Social Work 59 (2): 268–283. doi:10.1177/0020872813519659.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shinnaoui, D., and R. Narchal. 2010. “Brain Gain to Brain Waste: Individual Biases, Prejudice, and Discounting of Migrant Skills.” Journal of International Migration and Integration 11 (4): 423–437. doi:10.1007/s12134-010-0151-7.
   Google Scholar
• Syed, J., and P. Murray. 2009. “Combating the English Language Deficit: The Labour Market Experiences of Migrant Women in Australia.” Human Resource Management Journal 19 (4): 413–432. doi:10.1111/j.1748-8583.2009.00106.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• To, H., R. Q. Grafton, and S. Regan. 2017. “Immigration and Labour Market Outcomes in Australia: Findings from HILDA 2001-2014.” Economic Analysis and Policy 55: 1–13. doi:10.1016/j.eap.2017.03.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torezani, S., F. Tilbury, and V. Colic-Peisker. 2006. “Seeking Jobs, Finding Networks: Refugees’ Perceptions of Employment Service.” In TASA Conference. University of Western Australia & Murdoch University, Perth, Australia, 4–7.
   Google Scholar
• Tracy, S. J. 2020. Qualitative Research Methods: Collecting Evidence, Crafting Analysis, Communicating Impact, (2nd Ed). Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,
   Google Scholar
• Unluer, S. 2012. “Being an Insider Researcher while Conducting Case Study Research.” The Qualitative Report 17 (Art. 58): 1–14.
   Google Scholar
• Wahyuni, D. 2012. “The Research Design Maze: Understanding Paradigms, Cases, Methods, and Methodologies.” Journal of Applied Management Accounting Research 10 (1): 69–80.
   Google Scholar
• Webb, S. 2015. “The Feminisation of Migration and the Migrants VET Policy Neglects: The Case of Skilled Women Secondary Migrants in Australia.” Journal of Vocational Education & Training 67 (1): 26–46. doi:10.1080/13636820.2014.922117.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar