Training Orthographic and Sentence Structures Helps Poor Readers in Chinese

References

• Benjamin , R. G. and Schwanenflugel , P. J. 2010 . Text complexity and oral reading prosody in young readers . Reading Research Quarterly , 45 : 388 – 404 . doi: dx.doi.org/10.1598/RRQ.45.4.2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chao , Y. R. 1968 . A grammar of spoken Chinese , Berkeley , CA : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• Chen , X. , Hao , M. , Geva , E. , Zhu , J. and Shu , H. 2009 . The role of compound awareness in Chinese children’s vocabulary acquisition and character reading . Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal , 22 : 615 – 631 . doi: 10.1007/s11145-008-9127-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Language Research Institute . 2009 . Xiandai Hanyu Cidian , Beijing : Commercial Press .
   Google Scholar
• Ding , Y. , Richman , L. C. , Yang , L.-Y. and Guo , J.-P. 2010 . Rapid automatized naming and immediate memory functions in Chinese Mandarin-speaking elementary readers . Journal of Learning Disabilities , 43 : 48 – 61 . doi: 10.1177/0022219409345016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goswami , U. and Bryant , P. 1989 . The interpretation of studies using the reading level design . Journal of Reading Behavior , 21 : 413 – 424 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ho , C. S.-H. , Chan , D. W.-O. , Chung , K. K. H. , Tsang , S.-M. , Lee , S.-H. and Cheng , R. W.-Y. 2007 . The Hong Kong test of specific learning difficulties in reading and writing for primary school students (HKT-P(II)) , 2nd ed. , Hong Kong : Hong Kong Specific Learning Difficulties Research Team .
   Google Scholar
• Ho , C. S.-H. , Chan , D. W.-O. , Lee , S.-H. , Tsang , S.-M. and Luan , V. H. 2004 . Cognitive profiling and preliminary subtyping in Chinese developmental dyslexia . Cognition , 91 : 43 – 75 . doi: 10.1016/s0010-0277(03)00163-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ho , C. S.-H. , Chan , D. W.-O. , Tsang , S.-M. and Lee , S.-H. 2002 . The cognitive profile and multiple deficit hypothesis in Chinese developmental dyslexia . Developmental Psychology , 38 : 543 – 553 . doi: 10.1037//0012-1649.38.4-543
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ho , C. S.-H. , Ng , T.-T. and Ng , W.-K. 2003 . A “radical” approach to reading development in Chinese: The role of semantic radicals and phonetic radicals . Journal of Literacy Research , 35 : 849 – 878 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ho , C. S.-H. , Wong , W.-L. and Chan , W.-S. 1999 . The use of orthographic analogies in learning to read Chinese . Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry , 40 : 393 – 403 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hulme , C. , Monk , A. and Ives , S. 1987 . Some experimental studies of multi-sensory teaching: The effects of manual tracing on children’s pair-associative learning . British Journal of Developmental Psychology , 5 : 299 – 307 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kintsch , W. 1994 . Text comprehension, memory, and learning . American Psychologist , 49 : 294 – 303 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kintsch , W. and Kintsch , E. 2005 . “ Comprehension ” . In Children’s reading comprehension and assessment , Edited by: Paris , S. G. and Stahl , S. A. 71 – 92 . Mahwah , NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Leong , C. K. , Cheng , P. W. and Lam , C. C. 2000 . Exploring reading-spelling connection as locus of dyslexia in Chinese . Annals of Dyslexia , 50 : 239 – 259 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leong , C. K. and Ho , M. K. 2008a . The role of lexical knowledge and related linguistic components in typical and poor language comprehenders of Chinese . Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal , 21 : 559 – 586 . doi: 10.1007/s11145-007-9113-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leong , C. K. and Ho , M. K. 2008b . Theory-based assessment of reading and its difficulties in the Chinese language system . Hong Kong Journal of Paediatrics (New Series) , 13 : 184 – 195 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li , C. N. and Thompson , S. A. 1989 . Mandarin Chinese: A functional reference grammar , Berkeley , CA : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• McBride-Chang , C. , Cho , J.-R. , Liu , H. , Wagner , R. K. , Shu , H. Zhou , A. 2005 . Changing models across cultures: Associations of phonological awareness and morphological structure awareness with vocabulary and word recognition in second graders from Beijing, Hong Kong, Korea, and the United States . Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , 92 : 140 – 160 . doi: 10.1016/j.jecp. 2005.03.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller , J. and Schwanenflugel , P. J. 2006 . Prosody of syntactically complex sentences in the oral reading of young children . Journal of Educational Psychology , 98 : 839 – 853 . doi: 10.1037/0022-0663.98.4.83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller , J. and Schwanenflugel , P. J. 2008 . A longitudinal study of the development of reading prosody as a dimension of oral reading fluency in early elementary school children . Reading Research Quarterly , 43 : 336 – 354 . doi: dx.doi.org/10.1598/RRQ.43.4.2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Packard , J. L. 2000 . The morphology of Chinese: A linguistic and cognitive approach , Cambridge , UK : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Packard , J. L. , Chen , X. , Li , W. , Wu , X. , Gaffney , J.S. Li , H. 2006 . Explicit instruction in orthographic structure and word morphology helps Chinese children learn to write characters . Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal , 19 : 457 – 487 . doi: 10.1007/s11145-006-9003-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perfetti , C. A. 2000 . “ Comprehending written language: A blueprint of the reader ” . In The neurocognition of language , Edited by: Brown , C. M. and Hagoort , P. 167 – 208 . Oxford , UK : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Perfetti , C. A. , Landi , N. and Oakhill , J. 2005 . “ The acquisition of reading comprehension skills ” . In The science of reading: A handbook , Edited by: Snowling , M. J. and Hulme , C. 227 – 247 . Oxford , UK : Blackwell .
   Google Scholar
• Perfetti , C. A. and Liu , Y. 2006 . “ Reading Chinese characters: Orthography, phonology, meaning, and the Lexical Constituency Model ” . In The handbook of East Asian psycholinguistics , Edited by: Li , P. , Tan , L. H. , Bates , E. and Tzeng , O. J. L. 225 – 236 . New York : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Perfetti , C. A. , Liu , Y. and Tan , L.-H. 2002 . “ How the mind can meet the brain in reading: A comparative writing systems approach ” . In Cognitive neuroscience studies of the Chinese language , Edited by: Kao , H. S. R. , Leong , C. K. and Gao , D.-G. 35 – 60 . Hong Kong : Hong Kong University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Reznitkaya , A. and Anderson , R. C. 2002 . “ The argument schema and learning to reason ” . In Comprehension instruction: Research-based best practices , Edited by: Block , C. C. and Pressley , M. 319 – 334 . New York : Guilford .
   Google Scholar
• Samuels , S. J. 1979 . The method of repeated readings . The Reading Teacher , 32 : 403 – 408 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shu , H. , Chen , X. , Anderson , R. C. , Wu , N. and Xuan , Y. 2003 . Properties of school Chinese: Implications for learning to read . Child Development , 74 : 27 – 47 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shu , H. , McBride-Chang , C. , Wu , S. and Liu , H. 2006 . Understanding Chinese developmental dyslexia: Morphological awareness as a core cognitive construct . Journal of Educational Psychology , 98 : 122 – 133 . doi: 10.1037/0022-0663.98.1.122
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan, L. H., Spinks, J. A., Eden, G. F., Perfetti, C. A., & Siok, W. T. (2005). Reading depends on writing, in Chinese. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 102(24), 8781–8785. doi: www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas0503523102
   Google Scholar
• Tzeng , O. J. L. 2002 . “ Current issues in learning to read Chinese ” . In Chinese children’s reading acquisition: Theoretical and pedagogical issues , Edited by: Li , M. , Gaffney , J. S. and Packard , J. L. 3 – 15 . Dordrecht , The Netherlands : Kluwer Academic .
   Google Scholar
• Vellutino , F. R. and Scanlon , D. M. 1989 . Some prerequisites for interpreting results from reading level matched designs . Journal of Reading Behavior , 21 : 361 – 385 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang , L. 1985 . Zhōngguó xiàndài yŭfă [Modern Chinese grammar] , Beijing : Shangwu Yinshuguan .
   Google Scholar
• Wang, L. (1989). Hanyu phonology (2nd ed.). Hong Kong: Zhonghua Shuju (in Chinese).
   Google Scholar
• Wu , X.-Y. , Anderson , R. C. , Li , W. , Wu , X.-C. , Li , H. Zhang , J. 2009 . Morphological awareness and Chinese children’s literacy development: An intervention study . Scientific Studies of Reading , 13 : 26 – 52 . doi: 10.1080/10888430802631734
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar