Visual minimalism in hard news: thumbnail faces on the smh online home pageFootnote1

1. This article reports on an aspect of the author's PhD study, conducted in the Department of Linguistics at the University of Sydney.

References

• Arant , M.D. and Anderson , J.Q. 2001 . Newspaper online editions support traditional standards . Newspaper Research Journal , 22 ( 4 ) : 57 – 69 .
   Google Scholar
• Baldry , A. and Thibault , P.J. 2006 . Multimodal transcription and text analysis , London : Equinox .
   Google Scholar
• Barnhurst , K.G. 2002 . News geography and monopoly: The form of reports on US newspaper internet sites . Journalism Studies , 3 ( 4 ) : 477 – 89 .
   Google Scholar
• Barnhurst , K.G. and Nerone , J. 2001 . The form of news: A history , New York : Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Barthelson , M. 2002 . Reading behaviour in online news reading . Masters diss., Lund University .
   Google Scholar
• Barthes , R. 1977 . Image–music–text. Trans. S. Heath , Glasgow : Fontana .
   Google Scholar
• Bateman , J.A. Forthcoming . Multimodality and genre: A foundation for the systematic analysis of multimodal documents . Basingstoke , Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Bateman , J.A. , Delin , J. and Henschel , R. 2006 . “ Mapping the multimodal genres of traditional and electronic newspapers ” . In New directions in the analysis of multimodal discourse , Edited by: Royce , T.D. and Bowcher , W.L. 147 – 72 . Mahwah , NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates .
   Google Scholar
• Bell , A. 1991 . The language of news media , Oxford : Blackwell .
   Google Scholar
• Bicket , D. and Packer , L.A. 2004 . An early “denial of ekphrasis”: Controversy over the breakout of the visual in the Jazz Age tabloids and the New York Times . Visual Communication , 3 ( 3 ) : 360 – 79 .
   Google Scholar
• Boczkowski , P.J. 2004 . Digitizing the news: Innovation in online newspapers , Cambridge , MA : MIT Press .
   Google Scholar
• Caple , H. 2007 . Multimodal communication in an Australian broadsheet: A new news story genre . In 4th International Symposium on Genre Studies A. Bonini , D. de Carvalho Figueiredo , and F.J. Rauen , 120 – 8 . Tubarão, Brazil . http://www3.unisul.br/paginas/ensino/pos/linguagem/cd/English/12i.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Caple , H. Forthcoming . What you see and what you get: The evolving role of news photographs in an Australian broadsheet . In Journalism and Sense-making: Reading the Newspaper V. Rupar . Cresskill , NJ : Hampton Press .
   Google Scholar
• Cooke , L. 2003 . Information acceleration and visual trends in print, television, and web news sources . Technical Communication Quarterly , 12 ( 2 ) : 155 – 81 .
   Google Scholar
• Darling-Wolf , F. 2004 . Post-war Japan in photographs: Erasing the past and building the future in the Japan Times . Journalism , 5 ( 4 ) : 403 – 22 .
   Google Scholar
• de Vries , J. 2008 . Newspaper design as cultural change . Visual Communication , 7 ( 1 ) : 5 – 25 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Economou , D. 2006 . “ The big picture: The role of the lead image in print feature stories ” . In Mediating ideology in text and image: Ten critical studies , Edited by: Lassen , I. , Strunck , J. and Vestergaard , T. 211 – 33 . Amsterdam : John Benjamins .
   Google Scholar
• Economou , D. 2008 . Pulling readers in: News photos in Greek and Australian broadsheets . In Communicating conflict: Multilingual case studies of the news media E. Thomson and P.R.R. White . London : Continuum .
   Google Scholar
• Fairfax Media . 2007 . Fairfax digital adcentre . http://adcentre.fairfax.com.au/online/sites.htm (accessed August 16, 2007) .
   Google Scholar
• Fishman , J.M. and Marvin , C. 2003 . Portrayals of violence and group difference in newspaper photographs: Nationalism and media . Journal of Communication , 53 ( 1 ) : 32 – 44 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griffin , M. 2004 . Picturing America's “War on Terrorism” in Afghanistan and Iraq: Photographic motifs as news frames . Journalism , 5 ( 4 ) : 381 – 402 .
   Google Scholar
• Habermas , J. 1991 . The structural transformation of the public sphere: An inquiry into a category of bourgeois society. Trans. T. Burger and F. Lawrence , Cambridge , MA : MIT Press .
   Google Scholar
• Habermas , J. 2002 . “ Civil society and the political public sphere ” . In Contemporary sociological theory , Edited by: Calhoun , C. , Gerteis , J. , Moody , J. , Pfaff , S. and Virk , I. 358 – 76 . Oxford : Blackwell .
   Google Scholar
• Hall , S. 1981 . “ The determinations of news photographs ” . In The manufacture of news: Social problems, deviance and the mass media , 2nd ed , Edited by: Cohen , S. and Young , J. 226 – 43 . London : Constable .
   Google Scholar
• Hartcher , P. 2006 . Responsibility of media reporting . Paper presented at the Japan Australia Forum hosted by Macquarie University, November 6, in Sydney, Australia .
   Google Scholar
• Hartley , J. 2007 . Documenting Kate Moss: Fashion photography and the persistence of photojournalism . Journalism Studies , 8 ( 4 ) : 555 – 65 .
   Google Scholar
• Hartley , J. and Rennie , E. 2004 . “About a Girl”: Fashion photography as photojournalism . Journalism , 5 ( 4 ) : 458 – 79 .
   Google Scholar
• Holmqvist , K. , Holsanova , J. , Barthelson , M. and Lundqvist , D. 2003 . “ Reading or scanning? A study of newspaper and net paper reading ” . In The mind's eye: Cognitive and applied aspects of eye movement research , Edited by: Hyona , J. , Radach , R. and Deube , H. 657 – 70 . Oxford : Elsevier .
   Google Scholar
• Huxford , J. 2001 . Beyond the referential: Uses of visual symbolism in the press . Journalism , 2 ( 1 ) : 45 – 71 .
   Google Scholar
• Iedema , R. , Feez , S. and White , P.R.R. 1994 . Stage two: Media literacy. A report for the Write it Right Literacy in Industry Research Project , Sydney : Disadvantaged Schools Program, NSW Department of School Education .
   Google Scholar
• Knight , N.K. 2008 . “Still cool and American too!”: An SFL analysis of deferred bonds in Internet Messaging humour . In Proceedings of the 34th International Systemic Functional Linguistics Congress N. Nørgaard , 481 – 502 . Odense : University of Southern Denmark .
   Google Scholar
• Knox , J.S. 2007 . Visual–verbal communication on online newspaper home pages . Visual Communication , 6 ( 1 ) : 19 – 53 .
   Google Scholar
• Knox , J.S. 2008 . Online newspapers and TESOL classrooms: A multimodal perspective . In Multimodal semiotics: Functional analysis in contexts of education L. Unsworth , 139 – 58 . London : Continuum .
   Google Scholar
• Knox , J.S. 2009 . Punctuating the home page: Image as language in an online newspaper . Discourse and Communication 3 , no. 2 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knox , J.S. Forthcoming . Designing the news in an online newspaper: A systemic description . In Interdisciplinary perspectives on multimodality: Theory and practice A. Baldry and E. Montagna . Campobasso : Palladino .
   Google Scholar
• Kress , G and van Leeuwen , T. 1996 . Reading images: The grammar of visual design , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Kress , G and van Leeuwen , T. 1998 . “ Front pages: (The critical) Analysis of newspaper layout ” . In Approaches to media discourse , Edited by: Bell , A. and Garrett , P. 186 – 219 . Oxford : Blackwell .
   Google Scholar
• Latour , B. 1999 . Pandora's hope: Essays on the reality of science studies , Cambridge , MA : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lemke , J. L. 2002 . Travels in hypermodality . Visual Communication , 1 ( 3 ) : 299 – 325 .
   Google Scholar
• Lewenstein , M. , G. Edwards , D. Tatar , and A. de Vigal . 2000 . The Stanford–Poynter eyetracking study 2000 . http://www.poynterextra.org/et/i.htm .
   Google Scholar
• Li , X. 2002 . Web page design affects news retrieval efficiency . Newspaper Research Journal , 23 ( 1 ) : 38 – 49 .
   Google Scholar
• Lowrey , W. 1999 . From map to machine: Conceptualizing and designing news on the internet . Newspaper Research Journal , 20 ( 4 ) : 14 – 27 .
   Google Scholar
• Machin , D. 2004 . Building the world's visual language: The increasing global importance of image banks in corporate media . Visual Communication , 3 ( 3 ) : 316 – 36 .
   Google Scholar
• Machin , D. and Niblock , S. 2006 . News production: Theory and practice , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Martin , S.E. 1998 . How news gets from paper to its online counterpart . Newspaper Research Journal , 19 ( 2 ) : 64 – 73 .
   Google Scholar
• Martinec , R. and Salway , A. 2005 . A system for image-text relations in new (and old) media . Visual Communication , 4 ( 3 ) : 337 – 71 .
   Google Scholar
• Mouzelis , N. 1995 . Sociological theory: What went wrong? Diagnosis and remedies , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• O'Toole , M. 1994 . The language of displayed art , Rutherford , NJ : Fairleigh Dickinson University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Outing , S. , and L. Ruel . 2004 . Eyetrack III: Online news consumer behavior in the age of multimedia . http://poynterextra.org/eyetrack2004/index.htm .
   Google Scholar
• Perlmutter , D.D. 2003 . “ The Internet: Big pictures and interactors ” . In Image ethics in the digital age , Edited by: Gross , L. , Katz , J.S. and Ruby , J. 1 – 25 . Minneapolis : University of Minnesota Press .
   Google Scholar
• Riffe , D. , Aust , C.F. and Lacy , S.R. 1993 . The effectiveness of random, consecutive day and constructed week sampling in newspaper content analysis . Journalism Quarterly , 7 ( 1 ) : 133 – 9 .
   Google Scholar
• Royce , T.D. 2002 . Multimodality in the TESOL classroom: Exploring visual–verbal synergy . TESOL Quarterly , 36 ( 2 ) : 191 – 205 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz , D. 2003 . “ Professional oversight: Policing the credibility of photojournalism ” . In Image ethics in the digital age , Edited by: Gross , L. , Katz , J.S. and Ruby , J. 27 – 51 . Minneapolis : University of Minnesota Press .
   Google Scholar
• Scollon , R. 1998 . Mediated discourse as social interaction: A study of news discourse , London : Longman .
   Google Scholar
• Singer , J.B. 2006 . Stepping back from the gate: Online news editors and the co-production of content in Campaign 2004 . Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly , 83 ( 2 ) : 265 – 80 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sontag , S. 2003 . Regarding the pain of others , London : Hamish Hamilton .
   Google Scholar
• Sreberny , A. 2000 . “ The global and the local in international communications ” . In Mass media and society , 3rd ed. , Edited by: Curran , J. and Gurivetch , M. 93 – 119 . London : Arnold .
   Google Scholar
• Stenglin , M. 2004 . Packaging curiosities: Towards a grammar of three dimensional space . PhD diss., University of Sydney . http://hdl.handle.net/2123/635 .
   Google Scholar
• Thurman , N. 2007 . The globalization of journalism online: A transatlantic study of news websites and their international readers . Journalism , 8 ( 3 ) : 285 – 307 .
   Google Scholar
• Time-Life Books . 1971 . Photojournalism . Nederland : Time-Life International .
   Google Scholar
• Trivundza , I.T. 2004 . Orientalism as news: Pictorial representations of the US attack on Iraq in Delo . Journalism , 5 ( 4 ) : 480 – 99 .
   Google Scholar
• Ursell , G.D.L. 2001 . Dumbing down or shaping up? New technologies, new media, new journalism . Visual Communication , 2 ( 2 ) : 175 – 96 .
   Google Scholar
• Utt , S.H. and Pasternack , S. 2003 . Front page design: Some trends continue . Newspaper Research Journal , 24 ( 3 ) : 48 – 61 .
   Google Scholar
• Wardle , C. 2007 . Monsters and angels: Visual press coverage of child murders in the USA and UK, 1930–2000 . Journalism , 8 ( 3 ) : 263 – 84 .
   Google Scholar
• White , P.R.R. 1997 . “ Death, disruption and the moral order: The narrative impulse in mass media hard news reporting ” . In Genres and institutions: Social processes in the workplace and school , Edited by: Christie , F. and Martin , J.R. 101 – 33 . London : Continuum .
   Google Scholar
• Zavoina , S.C. and Davidson , J.H. 2002 . Digital photojournalism , Boston : Allyn and Bacon .
   Google Scholar