‘Spirituality’ Interpreted: A Case of Complex Lexical Borrowing in Japanese

References

• ‘ . 3. Supiricharu na hitobito’ [Spiritual People], posted on 30 June 2010 to blog excite, http://mblog.excite.co.jp/user/meisoko/entry/detail/?id=14683654 (accessed 4 July 2011)
   Google Scholar
• Crowther , Martha , Michael , R. , Parker , W. , Achenbaum , W. A. , Walter , L. Larimore and Harold , G. Koenig . 2002 . Rowe and Kahn’s Model of Successful Ageing Revisited: Positive Spirituality – the Forgotten Factor . Gerontologist , 42 ( 5 ) : 613 – 620 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• “ ‘Daigakuinsei “supirichuaru kea”’ [Postgrad Student, ‘Spiritual Care’], posted on 30 June 2010 to blog ” . In Hataraku mama no Run to ka nikki http://gakuseimama.seesaa.net/article/154890090.html (accessed 8 July 2010)
   Google Scholar
• Gottlieb , Nanette . 2005 . Language and Society in Japan , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Haarmann , Harald . 1984 . The Role of Ethnocultural Stereotypes and Foreign Languages in Japanese Commercials . International Journal of the Sociology of Language , 50 : 101 – 121 .
   Google Scholar
• Haarmann , Harald . 1986 . Verbal Strategies in Japanese Fashion Magazines: A Study in Impersonal Bilingualism and Ethnosymbolism . International Journal of the Sociology of Language , 58 : 107 – 121 .
   Google Scholar
• Hinterkopf , Elfie . 2000 . Inochi to kokoro no kaunseringu: taikenteki fōkashingu [Counseling of Life and Heart: Experiential Focusing] , Edited by: Mako , Kasai and Yoshimi , Itō . Kongō Shuppan .
   Google Scholar
• ‘Hīrā’ [Healers], posted on 24 June 2010 to blog fc2 http://hibiarata2010.blog29.fc2.com/blog-entry-120.html (accessed 24 June 2010)
   Google Scholar
• Hoffer , Bates . 1980 . English Loanwords in Japanese: Some Cultural Implications . Language Sciences , 12 ( 1 ) : 1 – 21 .
   Google Scholar
• Horie , Masamune . 2003 . Reisei kara supirichuaritī e . Kokusai shūkyō kenkyū senta nyūsuretā , 38 : 14 – 15 . [From reisei to supirichuaritī]
   Google Scholar
• Ide , Oshie . 2008 . Rōnengaku ni okeru supirichuaritī no imi: Kea taishō toshite no supirichuaritī . Japanese Journal of Gerontology , 30 ( 2 ) : 205 [What Spirituality Means in Gerontology: Spirituality for Care]
   Google Scholar
• Iida , Fumihiko and Yoshida , Takeo . 2009 . Supirichuaritī kyōiku no susume , PHP . [Introduction to Spiritual Education]
   Google Scholar
• Inaba , Yutaka . 2000 . Supirichuaru no hōyaku ni tsuite no kōsatsu’ [A Discussion on Translating supirichuaru into Japanese] . The Japanese Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care , 10 ( 2 ) : 94 – 96 .
   Google Scholar
• Inochi to kokoro no kaunseringu September 2000 publication, Kongō Shuppan (publisher) webpage, http://kongoshuppan.co.jp/dm/dm.php?cd=0660 (accessed 30 June 2010)
   Google Scholar
• Isomura , Kentarō . 2007 . Supirichuaru wa naze hayaru no ka , PHP Shinsho . [Why Is supirichuaru Gaining Popularity?]
   Google Scholar
• Itō , Masayuki , Kashio , Naoki and Yumiyama , Tatsuya , eds. 2004 . Supirichuaritī no shakaigaku , Sekai shisōsha . [Sociology of Spirituality]
   Google Scholar
• Jinnai , Masakata . 2007 . Gairaigo no shakaigengogaku , Sekai shisōsha . [Sociolinguistics of Western Loanwords]
   Google Scholar
• Kasai , Kenta . 2003 . “ ‘Supirichuaritī o tsukau hitobito: Fukyū to hyōjunka no kokoromi o megutte’ [People Who Use supirichuaritī: On Efforts to Disseminate and Standardize the Term] ” . In Supirichuaritī no genzai: shūkyō, rinri, shinri no kanten , Edited by: Yuasa , Yasuo . 123 – 154 . Jinbun Shoin .
   Google Scholar
• Kashio , Naoki . 2002 . Supirichuaritī o ikiru , Serika Shobō . [To Live Spirituality]
   Google Scholar
• Kashio , Naoki . 2009 . ‘Gendai supirichuaritī genshō no fuhensei to tokushusei: Nyū eiji to no kanrensei kara’ [Universality and Particularity of the Present Day Spirituality Phenomena: In the Light of its Relation with the New Age Movement] . StarPeople , 29 : 16 – 19 .
   Google Scholar
• Kashio , Naoki . 2010 . Supirichuaru raifu no susume Bungei Shunjū [Invitation to Spiritual Life]
   Google Scholar
• Kay , Gillian . 1995 . English Loanwords in Japanese . World Englishes , 14 ( 1 ) : 67 – 76 .
   Google Scholar
• Kayama , Rika . 2006 . Supirichuaru ni hamaru hito, hamaranai hito , Gentōsha Shinsho . [People Who Fall for Supirichuaru and Those Who Don’t]
   Google Scholar
• Kobayashi , Tomoko , Shiraiwa , Chieko , Takeda , Keiko and Futoyu , Yoshiko . 2009 . Supirichuaritī no ninchi no umu to kotoba no imeeji: Kanwa kea byōtō no kangoshi, ippan byōtō no kangoshi, ippan no hito, daigakusei’ [Images of the Word ‘Spirituality’ Among Nurses on Palliative-Care and General Wards, the General Public, and University Students] . Kawasaki iryō fukushi gakkaishi , 19 ( 1 ) : 59 – 71 . http://www.kawasaki-m.ac.jp/soc/mw/journal/jp/2009-j19-1/11_koyabu.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Kokuritsu Kokugo Kenkyūjo (National Institute for Japanese Language) . 2006 . Gairaigo: iikae tebiki , Kyōsei . [Western Loanwords: Manual for Rephrasing]
   Google Scholar
• Kubotera , Toshiyuki . 2000 . Supirichuaru kea nyūmon , Miwa Shobō . [Introduction to Spiritual Care]
   Google Scholar
• Kubotera , Toshiyuki . 2008 . Supirichuaru kea gaku gaisetsu , Miwa Shobō . [Introduction to the Study of Spiritual Care]
   Google Scholar
• Loveday . 1996 . Language Contact in Japan , Edited by: Leo , J. Oxford : Clarendon Press .
   Google Scholar
• ‘Magudarēn no hitorigoto’ [Magdalen’s Soliloquy], http://magdaleneshio.blog88.fc2.com/?no=131 (accessed 6 September 2012)
   Google Scholar
• Maeno , Hiroshi . 2000 . Ishi ni taisuru supirichuaru kea no ankeeto kekka to supirichuaru kea ni okeru katei to gensoku’ [Results of a Questionnaire to Doctors about Spiritual Care: Assumptions and Principles of Spiritual Care] . The Japanese Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care , 10 ( 2 ) : 97 – 102 .
   Google Scholar
• Misawa , Hisae . 2008 . Nihon no kōreisha no supirichuaritī ni tsuite no ichi kōsatsu: Kōreisha ga kataru ikiru koto no imi kara’ [A Study on Spirituality for the Aged in Japan: Meaning for Living Told by the Aged] . Japanese Journal of Gerontology , 30 ( 2 ) : 202
   Google Scholar
• ‘Mochiko’ . http://profile.ameba.jp/sun-angel-smile (accessed 6 September 2012)
   Google Scholar
• Morishita , Kiyomi . “ ‘Kanja jishin ga nozomu supirichuaru kea to wa’ [The Spiritual Care that Patients Themselves Want] ” . In Nikkei Medical (NM) Online 23 June 2010, http://medical.nikkeibp.co.jp/leaf/all/gakkai/sp/jspm2010/201006/515692.html (accessed 23 June 2010)
   Google Scholar
• Nakagawa , Yoshiharu . 2003 . Kyōiku ni okeru reisei ni tsuite’ [Spirituality in Education] . Toransupāsonaru shinrigaku/seishinigaku , 4 ( 1 ) : 17 – 25 .
   Google Scholar
• Nakagawa , Yoshiharu . 2005 . Horisutikku rinshō kyōikugaku: kyōiku, shinriryōhō, supirichuaritī , Seseragi Shuppan . [Holistic Clinical Education: Education, Psychotherapy, Spirituality]
   Google Scholar
• Nishihira , Tadashi . 2003 . Supirichuaritī saikō: Rubi toshite no “supirichuaritī”’ [‘Spirituality’ Reconsidered: How Can We Translate ‘Spirituality’ into Japanese?] . Toransupāsonaru shinrigaku/seishinigaku , 4 ( 1 ) : 8 – 16 .
   Google Scholar
• Nishihira , Tadashi . 2009 . “ ‘Supirichuaru kea to “gashūsei”: Jiga e no shūchaku kara hanareyō to suru koto’ [Spiritual Care and Attachment to Self: Departure from Attachment to Self] ” . In Horisutikku kea , 156 – 171 . Seseragi Shuppan .
   Google Scholar
• Ōshita , Daien . 2005 . Iyashi iyasareru supirichuaru kea: Iryō, fukushi, kyōiku ni ikasu bukkyō no kokoro Edited by: Igaku Shoin . [Spiritual Care for Healing and for Being Healed: Buddhist Spirituality for Health, Social Welfare and Education]
   Google Scholar
• ‘Pawā supotto’ [Power Spot], http://www.cocopri.jp/article/detail/316192 (accessed 6 September 2012)
   Google Scholar
• ‘Reisei to shūkyō’ [Reisei and Religion], posted 22 February 2008 to blog MELIT: Medical Literacy for Patients, http://melit.jp/voices/fight/2008/02/post_149.html (accessed 5 May 2010)
   Google Scholar
• Sakurai , Yoshihide . 2009 . Karuto to supirichuaritī , Minerva Shobō . [Cult and Spirituality]
   Google Scholar
• Seeley , Christopher . 1991 . A History of Writing in Japan , Leiden : Brill .
   Google Scholar
• Sherry , John , F. , Eduardo , G. and Camargo . 1987 . “May Your Life Be Marvelous”: English Language Labeling and the Semiotics of Japanese Promotion . The Journal of Consumer Research , 14 ( 2 ) : 174 – 188 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shibatani , Masayoshi . 1990 . The Languages of Japan , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Shimazono , Susumu . 1996 . Seishin sekai no yukue: gendai sekai no shin reisei undō , Tōkyōdō . [Whither the Spiritual World?: New Spirituality Movements in the Contemporary World]
   Google Scholar
• Shimazono , Susumu . 1999 . “New Age Movement” or “New Spirituality Movements and Culture”? . Social Compass , 46 ( 2 ) : 121 – 133 . (An English version of Shimazono, Supirichuaritī no kōryū, 46–60)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shimazono , Susumu . 2007 . Supirichuaritī no kōryū , Iwanami Shoten . [Flourishing of Spirituality]
   Google Scholar
• Stanlaw , James . 1992 . “ English in Japanese Communicative Strategies ” . In The Other Tongue , 2nd ed. , Edited by: Braj , B. Kachru . 178 – 208 . Urbana : University of Illinois Press .
   Google Scholar
• Stanlaw , James . 1987 . Japanese and English: Borrowing and Contact . World Englishes , 6 ( 2 ) : 93 – 109 .
   Google Scholar
• Stanlaw , James . 1992 . “ For Beautiful Human Life: The Use of English in Japan ” . In Re-made in Japan: Everyday Life and Consumer Taste in a Changing Society , Edited by: Tobin , J. 58 – 76 . New Haven CT : Yale University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Supi-bon? . [A supi Book?], Amazon Japan customer review, posted 2 August 2007, http://www.amazon.co.jp/product-reviews/4061498991/ref=cm_cr_dp_all_helpful?ie=UTF8&coliid=&showViewpoints=1&colid=&sortBy=bySubmissionDateDescending (accessed 6 June 2010)
   Google Scholar
• ‘Supirichuaritī no kōzai’ [Pros and Cons of Spirituality], posted 31 May 2009 at Geijutsu seirigaku kenkyūjo [Centre for Arts and Physiology] website, http://green.ap.teacup.com/april/380.html (accessed 31 May 2010)
   Google Scholar
• ‘Supirichuaritī to inochi’ [Spirituality and Life], posted 3 April 2008 to blog Mikka bōzu nikki, http://blog.goo.ne.jp/a1214/e/ad219542ec7d8dfc5b91867f0374b45c (accessed 10 June 2010)
   Google Scholar
• ‘“Supirichuaru”?’, posted on 8 April 2008 to blog Magdalene no hitorigoto, http://magdaleneshio.blog88.fc2.com/?no=131 (accessed 8 April 2010)
   Google Scholar
• ‘Supirichuaru shinjidai’ [Spiritual New Age], posted 24 May 2010 to blog Kumo no mani mani, http://blog.goo.ne.jp/tukitoohisama/e/41df6f84ca25cba1a6e5a8899ceaf3fe (accessed 26 May 2010)
   Google Scholar
• ‘Supirichuaru to wa’ [What Is Spiritual], http://www.saikopark.ne.jp/kei/sprit/hikaku.cgi?mode=9 (accessed 15 June 2010)
   Google Scholar
• ‘“Supirichuaru”-tte kotoba ga ii’ [Supirichuaru Is a Good Word], posted 3 May 2010 to blog Tenro no tsurezure, http://amaji.ti-da.net/e2817048.html (accessed 3 May 2010)
   Google Scholar
• Suru-suru, ‘Supirichuaru ni tsukarete shimatta hitobito’ [People Who Have Grown Tired of supirichuaru], posted 3 May 2010 to blog Unome takanome, http://ameblo.jp/suru-suru/entry-10524152222.html (accessed 3 May 2010)
   Google Scholar
• Suzuki , Daisetsu . 1972 . Nihonjin no reisei , Iwanami Shoten . [Japanese Spirituality]
   Google Scholar
• Suzuki , Masako . 2006 . Aru kea no katachi: yamu koto no ikari to kanashimi , Supika Shobō . [One Form of Care: Anger and Sadness of Being Ill]
   Google Scholar
• Suzuki , Takao . 1985 . Yokomoji no hanran wa Nihon bunka suitai no kizashi?’[Is the Inundation of Foreign Words a Sign of the Decline of Japanese Culture?] . Gengo , 14 ( 9 ) : 78 – 81 .
   Google Scholar
• Takahashi , Masami . 2008 . Rōnengaku to supirichuaritī’ [Gerontology and Spirituality] . Japanese Journal of Gerontology , 30 ( 2 ) : 206
   Google Scholar
• Takashi , Kyoko . 1992 . Language and Desired Identity in Contemporary Japan . Journal of Asian Pacific Communication , 3 ( 1 ) : 133 – 144 .
   Google Scholar
• Takeda , Keiko and Futoyu , Yoshiko . 2006 . ‘Nihonjin kōreisha no supirichuaritī gainenkōzō no kentō’ [Conceptual Structure of Spirituality in Elderly Japanese] . Kawasaki Iryōfukushi gakkai shi , 16 ( 1 ) : 53 – 66 .
   Google Scholar
• ‘Tamashii to supirichuaritī’ [Soul and Spirituality], http://spiritualcare.blog.so-net.ne.jp/_pages/user/iphone/list_comments/index?name=2009-06-12-1 (accessed 6 September 2012)
   Google Scholar
• Tanatsugu , Masakazu . 2006 . Ningen no kotogara to shite no supirichuaru kea’ [Spiritual Care as a Universal Matter of Human Beings] . Journal of Religious Studies , 80 ( 2 ) : 267 – 91 . also available at http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110004798326/en
   Google Scholar
• Tazaki , Miyako . 2001 . Matsuda Masaki and Nakane Toshifumi, ‘Supirichuaritī ni kansuru shitsuteki chōsa no kokoromi: kenkō oyobi QOL gainen no karami no naka de’ [A Trial Qualitative Survey Concerning Spirituality: In the Context of the Relationship Between Health and QOL] . Nihon iji shinpō , 4036 : 24 – 32 .
   Google Scholar
• Teru , Sun . “ Review of Kashio Naoki ” . In Supirichuaru raifu no susume posted 31 May 2010, http://www.amazon.co.jp/gp/pdp/profile/ANUW7XICGEA2U (accessed 31 May 2010)
   Google Scholar
• 1999 . ‘The Impact of Loan-words on Modern Japanese’ . Japan Forum , 11 ( 2 ) : 231 – 253 .
   Google Scholar
• Tomoda , Takako . 2009 . The Foreign Word Tsunami: Perceptions, Politics and Policies on Loanwords (gairaigo) in Contemporary Japan , Saarbrucken : VDM Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Tsuda , Shigeki . 2000 . WHO kenshō ni okeru kenkō no teigi kaisei no kokoromi: Supirichuaru no sokumen ni tsuite’ [Attempt to Amend the Definition of Health in the WHO Constitution: On the Spiritual Dimension] . The Japanese Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care , 10 ( 2 ) : 90 – 93 .
   Google Scholar
• Yahoo chiebukuro [Yahoo Knowledge Bag], query from siroyagi1973i, posted 15 June 2009, http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1127275111?fr=chielqm_chie_detail (accessed 15 May 2010)
   Google Scholar
• Yamada , Yūichirō . 2005 . Gairaigo no shakaigaku , Shunpūsha . [Sociology of Western Loanwords]
   Google Scholar
• Yoshida , Atsuhiko . 2009 . “ Kea no mittsu no isō to sono hojū kankei: hitori to minna no aida no futari’ [Education, Welfare and Nursing Based on the New Relationships] ” . In Horisutikku kea , 190 – 209 . Seseragi Shuppan .
   Google Scholar
• Yoshimi , Michio and Naze , P.R. Sākā no supirichuaritī o “reisei” de naku “seishinsei” to yakusu beki nano ka’ [Why We Should Translate P.R. Sarkar’s ‘Spirituality’ as seishinsei rather than reisei?], http://auwa.sakura.ne.jp/univ/shiminshakaiforum/67seishinseinoyakugo.html (accessed 6 September 2012)
   Google Scholar