Lost in space? The concepts of planetary phenomena held by trainee primary school teachers

References

• Aartolahti , T. , Rikkinen , K. and Viitala , P. 1975 . Maantiede lukiota ja aikuisopiskelijoita varten. (Geography for the upper secondary school and adult students) , Helsinki : Weilin & Göös .
   Google Scholar
• Ausubel , D. 1968 . Educational Psychology , New York, NY : Holt, Rinehart & Winston .
   Google Scholar
• Baxter , J. 1989 . Children's understanding of familiar astronomical events . International Journal of Science Education , 11 (5) : 502 – 13 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biggs , J.B. and Collins , K.F. 1982 . Evaluating the Quality of Learning , New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Boardman , D. 1989 . The development of graphicacy: Children's understanding of maps . Geography , 74 : 321 – 31 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bransford , J.D. and Vye , N.J. 1989 . “ A perspective on cognitive research and its implications for instruction ” . In Toward the Thinking Curriculum: Current Cognitive Research , 1989 Yearbook of the Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development Edited by: Resnick , L. and Klopfer , L. Alexandria, VA
   Google Scholar
• Burbules , N.C. and Linn , M.C. 1991 . Science education and philosophy of science: congruence or contradiction? . International Journal of Science Education , 13 (3) : 227 – 41 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carmichael , P. , Driver , R. , Holding , B. , Phillips , I. , Tvigger , D. and Watts , M. 1990 . Research on Students’ Concepts in Science: A Bibliography , University of Leeds: Centre for Studies in Science and Mathematics Education .
   Google Scholar
• Cleminson , A. 1990 . Establishing an epistemological base for science teaching in the light of contemporary notions of the nature of science and how children learn science . Journal of Research in Science Teaching , 27 (5) : 429 – 45 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cobern , W. 1993 . “ Contextual Constructivism: The Impact of culture on the learning and teaching of science ” . In The Practice on Constructivism in Science Education , Edited by: Tobin , K. New Jersey : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Dewey , J. 1933 . How We Think , Boston : D.C. Heath and Co. .
   Google Scholar
• Driver , R. 1983 . The Pupil as Scientist , Milton Keynes : Open University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Duschl , R.A. 1988 . Abandoning the scientistic legacy of science education . Science Education , 72 (1) : 5 – 62 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duschl , R.A. 1990 . Restructuring Science Education: The Importance of Theories and Their Development , New York : Teachers College Press .
   Google Scholar
• Driver , R. and Erickson , G. 1983 . Theories‐in‐action: Some theoretical and empirical issues in the study of student's conceptual frameworks in science . Studies in Science Education , 10 : 37 – 60 .
   Google Scholar
• Driver , R. and Oldham , V. 1986 . A constructivist approach to curriculum development in science . Studies in Science Education , 13 : 105 – 22 .
   Google Scholar
• Dweck , C. 1986 . Motivational processes affecting learning . American Psychologist , 41 (10) : 1040 – 48 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerber , R. 1992 . Using Maps and Graphics in Geography Teaching , Brisbane : International Geographical Union Commission on Geographical Education .
   Google Scholar
• Gerber , R. 1996 . “ Interpretive approaches to geographical and environmental education research ” . In Understanding Geographical and Environmental Education , Edited by: Williams , M. London : Cassell .
   Google Scholar
• Gunstone , R.F. 1994 . “ The importance of specific science content in the enhancement of metacognition ” . In The Content of Science: A Constructivist Approach to its Teaching and Learning , Edited by: Fensham , P.J. , Gunstone , R. F. and White , R.T. London : Falmer Press .
   Google Scholar
• Gunstone , R.F. and Northfield , J. 1994 . Metacognition and learning to teach . International Journal of Science Education , 16 (5) : 523 – 37 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hewson , P.W. and Thorley , R. 1989 . The conditions of conceptual change in the classroom . International Journal of Science Education , 11 (5) : 541 – 53 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hodson , D. 1986 . The nature of scientific observation . School Science Review , 68 (242) : 17 – 29 .
   Google Scholar
• Hodson , D. 1988 . Toward a philosophically more valid science curriculum . Science Education , 72 : 19 – 40 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones , B.L. and Lynch , P.P. 1987 . Children's conceptions of the earth, sun and moon . International Journal of Science Educations , 1 : 43 – 53 .
   Google Scholar
• Klein , C.A. 1982 . Children's concepts of the earth and sun: A cross‐cultural study . Science Education , 65 (1) : 95 – 107 .
   Google Scholar
• Kyt mäki , J. , Saviranta , J. and Tapana , P. 1982 . Uuden lukion maantiede. (Geography for the new upper secondary school) , Porvoo : WSOY .
   Google Scholar
• Linn , M.C. , Songer , N.B. and Lewis , E.L. 1991 . Overview: Students’ models and epistemologies of science . Journal of Research in Science Teaching , 28 (9) : 729 – 32 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Board of Education . 1994 . Framework Curriculum for the Comprehensive School , Helsinki : Painatuskeskus .
   Google Scholar
• Novak , J.D. Human constructivism: A unification of psychological and epistemological phenomena in meaning making . A paper presented at the Fourth North American Conference on Personal Construct Psychology . July , San Antonio, Texas. pp. 18 – 21 .
   Google Scholar
• Nussbaum , J. 1979 . Children's conception of the earth as a cosmic body: A cross‐age study . Science Education , 63 (1) : 83 – 93 .
   Google Scholar
• Nussbaum , J. 1989 . Classroom conceptual change: philosophical change . International Journal of Science Education , 11 (5) : 530 – 40 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nussbaum , J. and Novick , J. 1976 . An assessment of children's concepts of the Earth utilizing structured interviews . Science Education , 60 (4) : 535 – 50 .
   Google Scholar
• Ojala , J. 1992 . Third planet . International Journal of Science Education , 14 (2) : 191 – 200 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ojala , J. 1997 . Kirjoittamaton kirja, kirjoitettu kirja ja luonnonkirja. (Textual and visual presentations of planetary phenomena in textbooks for comprehensive school and secondary school use) , Jyväskylä : Kirjastopaino . PhD Thesis.
   Google Scholar
• Osborne , R.J. 1980 . A method for investigating concept understanding in science . European Journal of Science Education , 2 (3) : 311 – 321 .
   Google Scholar
• Osborne , R. and Freyberg , P. 1985 . Learning in Science: The Implications of Children's Science , London : Heinemann Press .
   Google Scholar
• Osborne , R.J. and Wittrock , M.C. 1983 . Learning science: A generative process . Science Education , 67 (4) : 489 – 508 .
   Google Scholar
• Pfundt , H. and Duit , R. 1989 . Bibliography: Students’ Alternative Frameworks and Science Education , IPN Reports in Brief: Institute for Science Education West‐Germany : University of Kiel .
   Google Scholar
• Posner , G.J. , Strike , K.A. , Hewson , P.W. and Gerzog , W.A. 1982 . Accommodation of a Scientific conception: Toward a theory of conceptual change . Science Education , 66 (2) : 211 – 27 .
   Google Scholar
• Reif , F. and Larkin , J.H. 1991 . Cognition in scientific and everyday domains: Comparison and learning implications . International Journal of Science Education , 28 : 733 – 60 .
   Google Scholar
• Rowell , J.A. , Dawson , C.J. and Lyndon , H. 1990 . Changing misconceptions: A challenge to science educators . International Journal of Science Education , 12 (2) : 167 – 75 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shapiro , B.L. 1989 . What children bring to the light: Giving a high status to learners views and actions in science . Science Education , 73 (6) : 711 – 33 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , D. and Williams , M. 1988 . Children's cognition of their environment: A brief review of the literature pertaining to urban images . Research in Education , 40 : 89 – 112 .
   Google Scholar
• Songer , N.B. and Linn , N.C. 1991 . Do students’ views of science influence knowledge integration? . Journal of Research in Science Teaching , 28 (9) : 761 – 84 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart , J. 1980 . Techniques for assessing and representing information in cognitive structure . Science Education , 64 (2) : 223 – 35 .
   Google Scholar
• Tobin , K. and Tippins , D. 1993 . “ Constructivism as a referent for teaching and learning ” . In The Practice on Constructivism in Science Education , Edited by: Tobin , K. New Jersey : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Wiegand , P. 1996 . “ Interviews ” . In Understanding Geographical and Environmental Education , Edited by: Williams , M. London : Cassell .
   Google Scholar
• Vosniadou , S. 1991 . Designing curricula for conceptual restructuring: Lessons from the study of knowledge acquisition in astronomy . Journal of Curriculum Studies , 23 (3) : 219 – 37 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vosniadou , S. 1994 . Capturing and modelling the process of conceptual change . Learning and Instruction , 4 : 45 – 69 .
   Google Scholar
• Yager , R.E. 1991 . The constructivist learning model towards real reform in science education . The Science Teacher , 58 (6) : 52 – 7 .
   Google Scholar