https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0195-9734
References
Primary Sources
- 0908572 [2010] MRTA 385.
- Flattery v Zeffirelli’s Pizza Restaurant [2007] FMCA 9.
- Inspector Robert John Hortle v Aprint (Aust) Pty Ltd [2007] FMCA 1547.
- International Labour Organization, Migration for Employment Convention (Revised) 1949 (No 97) (entered into force 22 January 1952).
- Mason v Harrington Corporation Pty Ltd [2007] FMCA 7.
- Migration Act 1958 (Cth).
- Migration Legislation Amendment (Sponsorship Measures) Act 2003 (Cth).
Secondary Sources
- ABC Radio. ‘Howard Rejects Seasonal Worker Plan’ (Transcript, 26 October 2005) <https://www.abc.net.au/am/content/2005/s1490820.htm>.
- Henry Albinski (1986) ‘Bipartisanship and Australian Foreign Policy’ 2 Asian Pacific Review 2.
- Australian Council of Trade Unions. ‘Transforming Australia’s Visa System’ (Submission on Visa Simplification, 2017) 14 <https://www.actu.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/media1033468transforming-autstralias-visa-system.pdf>.
- Australian Government. ‘Migration Strategy: Getting Migration Working for the Nation’ <https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/programs-subsite/migration-strategy/Documents/migration-strategy.pdf>.
- Australian Human Rights Commission, Submission to the United Nations Committee on Economic Social and Cultural Rights (17 April 2009) <https://humanrights.gov.au/sites/default/files/content/legal/submissions/2009/20090417_icescr_review.pdf>.
- Greg Brown (2021) ‘Visa “Throws Pacific Islanders under Bus”' The Australian (5 September 2021).
- John Azarias, Jenny Lambert, Peter McDonald and Katie Malyon. ‘Robust New Foundations: A Streamlined, Transparent and Responsive System for the 457 Programme’ (Report, September 2014) <https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/reports-and-pubs/files/streamlined-responsive-457-programme.pdf>.
- John Azarias. ‘Review of the Temporary Skilled Migration Income Threshold (TSMIT): The Future of TSMIT within a Robust 457 Programme’ (Report, May 2016) <https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/reports-and-pubs/files/tsmit_review_report.pdf>.
- Kim Beazley. ‘It’s about Race, Yes. Racing Down to the Bottom on Wages’, The Age (online, 15 September 2006) <https://www.theage.com.au/national/its-about-race-yes-racing-down-to-the-bottom-on-wages-20060915-ge34z8.html>.
- Laurie Berg (2016) Migrant Rights at Work: Law’s Precariousness at the Intersection of Immigration and Labour, Routledge.
- Bob Birrell and Ernest Healy (1997) ‘Globalisation and Temporary Entry’ 5(4) People and Place 43.
- Nick Bolkus. Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs, Statement to the Senate, Senate Hansard, 12 October 1994.
- Andrew Bolt. ‘Gillard Lets in the Boat People, Demonises Plan People’, Herald Sun (online, 7 March 2013) <https://www.heraldsun.com.au/blogs/andrew-bolt/column–gillard-lets-in-boat-people-demonises-plane-people/news-story/6689d3e512d4958e13088df1056549ed>.
- ‘Builder Lured Workers as Slave Labour’, Sun Herald (12 February 2020); ‘$35 a Day for Tunnel Crew’, Burnie Advocate (1 September 2020).
- Andrew Burrell. ‘BHP Forced to Recruit Foreigners’, Financial Review (online, 1 February 2007) <https://www.afr.com/policy/economy/bhp-forced-to-recruit-foreigners-20070201-jev8n>.
- Business Advisory Panel. ‘Business Entry in a Global Economy Maximising the Benefits’ (Report, August 1999).
- ‘Business Sanctioned for Visa Breach’, ABC News (online, 18 June 2009) <https://www.abc.net.au/news/2009-06-18/business-sanctioned-for-visa-breach/1324114?pfmredir = sm>.
- Greg Carne (2017) ‘Reviewing the Reviewer: The Role of the Parliamentary Joint Committee on Intelligence and Security — Constructing or Constricting Terrorism Law Review?’ 43(2) Monash University Law Review 334.
- Greg Brown. ‘Visa “Throws Pacific Islanders under Bus”, The Australian (5 September 2021). <https://www.theaustralian.com.au/nation/agriculture-visa-throws-pacific-islanders-under-bus/newsstory/66f788e235ab23eb1580f129586725b0>.
- Joanna Howe (2016) ‘Regulation of Australia's labour migration program: Is there a case for including fairness?' 29 Australian Journal of Labour Law 58.
- Andrew Carr (2017) ‘‘Is Bipartisanship on National Security Beneficial? Australia’s Politics of Defence and Security’ 63(2) Australian Journal of Politics and History 254.
- Stephen Castles and Derya Ozkul (2014) ‘Circular Migration: Triple Win, or a New Label for Temporary Migration?’ in Graziano Battistella (eds) Global and Asian Perspectives on International Migration, Springer, pp. 27.
- Stephen Clibborn and Chris F Wright (2023) ‘Proposing Mobility Visas as an Alternative to Employer Sponsorship: Addressing Inequalities in the Treatment of Temporary Migrant Workers’ Economic and Labour Relations Review doi:10.1017/elr.2023.56.
- Committee of Inquiry into the Temporary Entry of Business People and Highly-Skilled Specialists, ‘Business Temporary Entry – Future Directions’ (Report, Commonwealth of Australia, August 1995).
- Commonwealth. Parliamentary Debates, House of Representatives, 4 June 2003.
- Commonwealth. Parliamentary Debates, Senate, 24 September 2008.
- Commonwealth. Parliamentary Debates, House of Representatives, 6 June 2013.
- Commonwealth. Parliamentary Debates, House of Representatives, 19 June 2013.
- Richard Curtain. ‘Flaws in the Australian Agricultural Visa’, DevPolicy Blog (online, 10 September 2021) <https://devpolicy.org/flaws-in-the-australian-agricultural-visa-20210910/>.
- Barbara Deegan. ‘Visa Subclass 457 Integrity Review’ (Final Report, October 2008).
- Department for International Trade. ‘Mobility in the UK-Australia Free Trade Agreement’ <https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1040947/uk-australia-free-trade-agreement-fta-mobility-explainer.pdf>.
- Department of Employment and Workplace Relations, Australian Government. ‘Chair’s Public Statement October 2016’ (Web Page, 4 August 2022) <https://www.dewr.gov.au/migrant-workers-taskforce/chairs-public-statement-october-2016-meeting>.
- Department of Employment and Workplace Relations, Australian Government. ‘Migrant Workers’ Taskforce’ (Web page, 31 August 2022) <https://www.dewr.gov.au/migrant-workers-taskforce>.
- Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Australian Government. ‘The Australian Agriculture Visa’ (Web page) <https://www.dfat.gov.au/people-to-people/international-labour-mobility/australian-agriculture-visa>.
- Department of Home Affairs, Australian Government. ‘Rapid Review into the Exploitation of Australia’s Visa System’ <https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/reports-and-publications/reviews-and-inquiries/departmental-reviews/rapid-review-exploitation-visa-system>.
- Department of Home Affairs. ‘Reviews and Inquiries’ (Website, 17 March 2020) <https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/reports-and-publications/reviews-and-inquiries/visa-reviews/review-of-the-subclass-457-visa>.
- Department of Home Affairs. Procedures Advice Manual (PAM3) (January 2021).
- Department of Home Affairs, Australian Government. ‘Temporary Work (Skilled) Visa (Subclass 457)’ (Web Page, 20 February 2023) <https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/repealed-visas/temporary-work-skilled-457>.
- Department of Home Affairs. ‘A Migration System for a More Prosperous and Secure Australia: Outline of the Government’s Migration Strategy’ (April 2023) <https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/programs-subsite/files/migration-strategy-outline.pdf>.
- Department of Home Affairs. ‘Temporary Skill Shortage Visa’ (Web Page, 31 August 2023) <https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/temporary-skill-shortage-482>.
- Department of Home Affairs. ‘Nominating a Position’ (Web page, 13 December 2023) <https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/employing-and-sponsoring-someone/sponsoring-workers/nominating-a-position/labour-market-testing>.
- Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, Australian Government. ‘Transcript of Interview with Michael Rowland’, ABC Breakfast (online, 5 March 2013) <https://pmtranscripts.pmc.gov.au/release/transcript-19119>.
- Stephen Dziedzic, Belinda Kora and Jordan Fennell. ‘Coalition Divided Amid Concerns Agriculture Visa Could Undermine Pacific Islands Worker Scheme’, ABC News (online, 17 June 2021) <https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-06-17/australia-agriculture-visa-concerns-pacific-islands-workers/100223592>.
- Michaelia Cash, ‘Ministerial Advisory Council on Skilled Migration Renewed’, Media release (2 June 2015).
- Michael Easson. ‘Michael Easson’ (Website, 2021) <https://michaeleasson.com/>.
- ‘7-Eleven: The Price of Convenience’, Four Corners (Australian Broadcasting Corporation, 30 August 2015) <https://www.abc.net.au/4corners/7-eleven-promo/6729716>.
- Christopher Evans. ‘New Centres of Excellence to Process Temporary Work Visas’ (Media release, 11 July 2008).
- Chris Evans. ‘Government Announces Changes to 457 Visa Program’ (Media Release, 1 April 2009) <https://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/download/media/pressrel/XY6T6/upload_binary/xy6t60.pdf;fileType = application%2Fpdf#search = %22media/pressrel/XY6T6%22>.
- Chris Evans. ‘Access with Integrity — 457 Visa Reforms’ (Speech to Australian Industry Group Breakfast Forum, 14 September 2009).
- Explanatory Memorandum, Migration Legislation Amendment (Sponsorships Measures) Bill 2003.
- Explanatory Memorandum, Migration Legislation Amendment (Worker Protection) Bill 2008.
- Explanatory Statement, Migration Legislation Amendment (Temporary Skill Shortage Visa and Complementary Reforms) Regulations 2018 (Cth).
- External Reference Group Temporary Residence Review, ‘In Australia’s Interests: A Review of the Temporary Residence Program’ (Report, 2002).
- External Reference Group, ‘Final Report to the Minister for Immigration and Citizenship’ (Report, April 2008).
- Judy Fudge (2012) ‘Precarious Migrant Status and Precarious Employment: The Paradox of International Rights for Migrant Workers’ 34 Comparative Labor Law & Policy Journal 95.
- Judy Fudge and Kendra Strauss2014 in Temporary Work, Agencies and Unfree Labour: Insecurity in the New World of Work, Routledge.
- Judy Fudge (2016) ‘Migrant Domestic Workers in British Columbia, Canada: Unfreedom, Trafficking and Domestic Servitude’ in Joanna Howe & Rosemary Owens (eds) Temporary Labour Migration in the Global Era: The Regulatory Challenges, Hart Publishing.
- Andrew Giles. ‘Temporary Skilled Migration Income Threshold Raised to $70,000’ (Media Release, 27 April 2023) <https://minister.homeaffairs.gov.au/ClareONeil/Pages/temporary-skilled-migration-income-threshold-raised.aspx>.
- Michael Gordon. ‘Costello Rules Out Importing Islanders’, The Age (online, 5 July 2006) <https://www.theage.com.au/national/costello-rules-out-importing-islanders-20060705-ge2ng0.html>.
- ‘Guest Worker Re-Paid Lost Wages’, The World Today (online, 20 February 2008) <https://www.abc.net.au/worldtoday/content/2008/s2167904.htm>.
- Bianca Hall. ‘457 Visas: More than 10,000 are Rorting System, Says Minister’, The Sydney Morning Herald (online, 28 April 2013) <https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/457-visas-more-than-10-000-are-rorting-system-says-minister-20130428-2imcy.html>.
- Laurel Harbridge, Neil Malhotra and Brian F Harrison (2014) ‘Public Preferences for Bipartisanship in the Policymaking Process’ 39(3) Legislative Studies Quarterly 327.
- Joanna Howe (2010) ‘The Migration Legislation Amendment (Worker Protection) Act 2008: Long Overdue Reform, but Have Migrant Workers Been Sold Short?’ 23(4) Australian Journal of Labour Law 251.
- Joanna Howe (2013) ‘Is the Net Cast Too Wide? An Assessment of Whether the Regulatory Design of the 457 Visa Meets Australia’s Skill Needs’ 41(3) Federal Law Review 443.
- Joanna Howe (2016) ‘Contesting Demand-Driven Orthodoxy: An Assessment of the Australian Regulation of Temporary Labour Migration’ in Joanna Howe & Rosemary Owens (eds) Temporary Labour Migration in the Global Era: The Regulatory Challenges, Hart Publishing, pp. 131.
- Joanna Howe. ‘The Real Issues with the 457 Visa aren’t being Addressed’, The Conversation (online, 17 November 2016) <https://theconversation.com/the-real-issues-with-the-457-visa-arent-being-addressed-68970>.
- Joanna Howe and Rosemary Owens (2016) ‘Temporary Labour Migration in the Global Era’ in Joanna Howe & Rosemary Owens (eds) Temporary Labour Migration in the Global Era: The Regulatory Challenges, Hart Publishing, pp. 3.
- Joanna Howe and Irene Nikoloudakis (2022) ‘Short Stay Visa Holders and Occupational Trainees in Australia’s Labour Migration Program: Regulatory Challenges at the Apex of Temporariness’ 50(1) Federal Law Review 40.
- Graeme Hugo (2014) ‘Change and Continuity in Australian International Migration Policy’ 48(3) International Migration Review 868.
- Greg Hunt. ‘Morrison Government Introduces New Agriculture Visa’ (Web page, 27 August 2021) <https://www.greghunt.com.au/morrison-government-introduces-new-agriculture-visa/>.
- International Labour Organization, ‘Fair Migration: Setting an ILO Agenda’ (Report of the Director-General, Report I(B) to the International Labour Conference, 103rd session, June 2014).
- International Labour Organization, ‘Temporary Labour Migration: Unpacking Complexities’ (Synthesis Report, 2022).
- Joint Standing Committee on Migration, ‘Temporary Visas … Permanent Benefits: Ensuring the Effectiveness, Fairness and Integrity of the Temporary Business Visa Program’ (Report, Commonwealth of Australia, August 2007).
- Joint Standing Committee on Migration, ‘Interim Report of the Inquiry into Australia’s Skilled Migration Program’ (Report, Commonwealth of Australia, March 2021).
- Joint Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade, ‘Contestability and Consensus’ (Report, Commonwealth of Australia, November 2018) <https://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/download/committees/reportjnt/024142/toc_pdf/ContestabilityandConsensus.pdf;fileType = application%2Fpdf>.
- Joint Standing Committee on Migration, ‘To Make a Contribution: Review of Skilled Labour Migration Programs 2004’ (Report, Commonwealth of Australia, March 2004).
- Joint Standing Committee on Migration, ‘Final Report of the Inquiry into Australia’s Skilled Migration Program’ (Report, Commonwealth of Australia, August 2021).
- Paul Karp. ‘Ged Kearney Quits Advisory Role after Being Bypassed on 457 Visa Changes’, The Guardian (online, 21 April 2017) <https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2017/apr/21/ged-kearney-quits-advisory-role-after-being-bypassed-on-457-visa-changes>.
- Siew-Ean Khoo, Carmen Voigt-Graf, Graeme Hugo and Peter McDonald (2003) ‘Temporary Skilled Migration to Australia: The 457 Visa Sub-Class’ 11(4) People and Place 27.
- Bob Kinnaird (2006) ‘Current Issues in the Skilled Temporary Subclass 457 Visa’ 14(2) People and Place 49.
- Jason Koutsoukis. ‘Kim’s Winning Edge’, The Age (15 October 2006) 17.
- Labor. ‘National Press Club Address: Australia’s Migration System’ (27 April 2023) <https://www.clareoneil.com.au/media-centre/speeches/national-press-club-australias-migration-system-with-q-and-a/>.
- ‘Labor’s Migration Strategy Seen as a Game Changer by Employers, Workers and Experts’, The Australian (online) <https://www.theaustralian.com.au/nation/labors-migration-strategy-seen-as-a-game-changer-by-employers-workers-and-experts/news-story/966c780f76becdf420b5d34b70790f53>.
- Sarah Maddison, Richard Denniss and Clive Hamilton. ‘Silencing Dissent: Non-Government Organisations and Australian Democracy’ (Discussion Paper No 65, June 2004).
- Paddy Manning (2019) Inside the Greens: The Origins and Future of the Party, the People and the Politics, Black Inc.
- Trevor Matthews and John Ravenhill (1988) ‘Bipartisanship in the Australian Foreign Policy Elite’ 42(1) Australian Journal of International Affairs 9.
- Matthew Moore and Malcolm Knox. ‘Exploitation of Skilled Migrants Exposed’, The Sydney Morning Herald (online, 28 August 2007) <https://www.smh.com.au/national/exploitation-of-skilled-migrants-exposed-20070828-gdqyus.html>.
- Scott Morrison. ‘Immigration that Creates Jobs’ (Speech delivered to at the Australian Mines and Metals Association Migration Forum, Brisbane, 8 August 2013).
- Cliodhna Murphy (2017) ‘Tackling Vulnerability to Labour Exploitation through Regulation: The Case of Migrant Fishermen in Ireland’ 46(3) Industrial Law Journal 417.
- National Agricultural Labour Advisory Committee. ‘National Agricultural Workforce Strategy: Learning to Excel’ (Report, December 2020) <https://www.agriculture.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/national-agricultural-workforce-strategy.pdf>.
- Brendan O’Connor and Richard Marles. ‘Abbott Government in Denial about 457 Visa Exploitation’ (Media release, 30 May 2015) <https://richardmarles.com.au/news/abbott-government-in-denial-about-457-visa-exploitation-2015-05-30>.
- Clare O’Neil. ‘How Australia Broke its Migration System, and what we can do to Fix it’ (Speech, 22 February 2023).
- Martin Parkinson, Joanna Howe and John Azarias. ‘Review of the Migration System’ (Final Report, Department of Home Affairs, Australian Government, 2023) <https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/reports-and-pubs/files/review-migration-system-final-report.pdf>.
- Parliament of Australia. ‘Infosheet 22 – Political Parties’ (Web page) <https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/House_of_Representatives/Powers_practice_and_procedure/00_-_Infosheets/Infosheet_22_-_Political_parties>.
- Parliament of Australia. ‘Framework and Operation of Subclass 457 visas, Enterprise Migration Agreements and Regional Migration Agreements: Information about the Inquiry’ (Website) <https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate/Legal_and_Constitutional_Affairs/Completed_inquiries/2010-13/457visas/info>.
- Nikola Pijovic (2016) ‘The Liberal National Coalition, Australian Labor Party and Africa: Two Decades of Partisanship in Australia’s Foreign Policy’ 70(5) Australian Journal of International Affairs 541.
- Scott Prasser (2023) ‘What Should Oppositions Do?’ 38(2) Australasian Parliamentary Review 208.
- Productivity Commission, Australian Government. ‘Workplace Relations Framework’ (Draft Report, August 2015).
- Bjarke Refslund and Annette Thörnquist (2016) ‘Intra-European Labour Migration and Low-Wage Competition — Comparing the Danish and Swedish Experiences across Three Sectors’ 47 Industrial Relations Journal 62.
- Rosie Roberts (2019) Ongoing Mobility Trajectories: Lived Experiences of Global Migration, Springer.
- Adrian Rollins. ‘The Beef with Visas’, Financial Review (online, 10 June 2006) <https://www.afr.com/policy/economy/the-beef-with-visas-20060710-jfbof>.
- Phillip Ruddock. Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs, ‘Streamlined Temporary Business Entry Approved’ (Media release, 5 June 1996).
- Phillip Ruddock MP. ‘Bill Ensures Continued Program Integrity’ (Media Release MPS 065/2003, 15 September 2003) <https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20040522030148/http://www.minister.immi.gov.au/media_releases/ruddock_media03/r03065.htm>.
- Martin Ruhs. ‘The Price of Rights: Regulating International Labor Migration’ (Princeton University Press, 2013).
- Senate Economic References Committee. ‘Systemic, sustained and shameful: Unlawful Underpayment of Employees’ Remuneration’ (Report, Commonwealth of Australia, March 2022).
- Senate Legal and Constitutional Affairs References Committee. ‘Framework and Operation of Subclass 457 Visas, Enterprise Migration Agreements and Regional Migration Agreements’ (Report, June 2013).
- Senate Legal and Constitutional Affairs References Committee. ‘Effectiveness of the Current Temporary Skilled Visa System in Targeting Genuine Skills Shortages’ (Report, Commonwealth of Australia, April 2019).
- Senate Select Committee on Migration. ‘Select Committee on Migration’ (Report, Commonwealth of Australia, September 2021).
- Dennis Shanahan. ‘Abbott Turns Back the Debate’, The Australian (online, 27 January 2012).
- Kath Sullivan. ‘Agriculture Visa to be Ditched, Labor Says, Looking to Pacific to Fill Worker Shortage as Election Looms’ (Web page, 26 April 2022) <https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-04-26/labor-government-would-ditch-ag-visa-if-elected-party-says/101015564>.
- Joo-Cheong Tham, Iain Campbell and Martina Boese (2016) ‘Why is Labour Protection for Temporary Migrant Workers so Fraught? A Perspective from Australia’ in Joanna Howe & Rosemary Owens (eds) Temporary Labour Migration in the Global Era: The Regulatory Challenges, Hart Publishing, pp. 173.
- Alexander Trauth-Goik. ‘Questioning Australia’s Unquestioned Foreign Policy’, Australian Institute of International Affairs (online, 5 February 2018) <https://www.internationalaffairs.org.au/australianoutlook/australian-bipartisanship/>.
- Peter Trubowitz and Nicole Mellow (2005) ‘“Going Bipartisan”: Politics by Other Means’ 120(3) Political Science Quarterly 433.
- Malcom Turnbull. ‘Putting Australian Workers First’ (Media Release, 18 April 2017) <https://www.malcolmturnbull.com.au/media/putting-australian-workers-first>.
- ‘Visa “Throws Pacific Islanders under Bus”, The Australian (online) <https://www.theaustralian.com.au/nation/agriculture-visa-throws-pacific-islanders-under-bus/news-story/66f788e235ab23eb1580f129586725b0>.
- Chris F Wright (2014) ‘How Do States Implement Liberal Immigration Policies? Control Signals and Skilled Immigration Reform in Australia’ 27(3) Governance 397.
- Chris F Wright and Stephen Clibborn (2020) ‘A Guest-Worker State? The Declining Power and Agency of Migrant Labour in Australia’ 31(1) Economic and Labour Relations Review 34.
- Kyoung-Hee Yu and Chris F Wright (2023) ‘Mainstream Parties’ Construction of Populist Discourse in Australia’s Temporary Migration Policy’ Organization doi:10.1177/13505084231212641.