The Effect of Interruptions and Breaks on Insight and Impasses: Do You Need a Break Right Now?

REFERENCES

• Bailey , B. P. , & Konstan , J. A. ( 2006 ). On the need for attention-aware systems: Measuring effects of interruption on task performance, error rate, and affective state . Computers in Human behavior , 22 , 685 – 708 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butler , D. L. , & Thomas , K. M. ( 1999 ). Preliminary study of the effectiveness of some heuristics used to generate solutions to ill-structured problems . Psychological Reports , 84 , 817 – 827 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christensen , B. T. , & Schunn , C. D. ( 2005 ). Spontaneous access and analogical incubation effects . Creativity Research Journal , 17 , 207 – 220 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chronicle , E. P. , Ormerod , T. C. , & MacGregor , J. N. ( 2001 ). When insight just won't come: The failure of visual cues in the nine-dot problem . Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A: Human Experimental Psychology , 54 , 903 – 919 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Czerwinski , M. , Horvitz , E. , & Wilhite , S. ( 2004 , April). A diary study of task switching and interruptions . Paper presented at the CHI , Vienna , Austria .
   Google Scholar
• Dodds , R. A. , Ward , T. B. , & Smith , K. G. (in press). A review of experimental research on incubation in problem solving and creativity . In M. A. Runco (Ed.), Creativity research handbook . Cresskill , NJ : Hampton Press .
   Google Scholar
• Dow , G. T. , & Mayer , R. E. ( 2004 ). Teaching students to solve insight problems: Evidence for domain specificity in creativity training . Creativity Research Journal , 16 , 389 – 402 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eyrolle , H. , & Cellier , J. M. ( 2000 ). The effects of interruptions in work activity: Field and laboratory results . Applied Ergonomics , 31 , 537 – 543 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fisher , C. D. ( 1998 ). Effects of external and internal interruptions on boredom at work: Two studies . Journal of Organizational behavior , 19 , 503 – 522 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fleck , J. I. , & Weisberg , R. W. ( 2004 ). The use of verbal protocols as data: An analysis of insight in the candle problem . Memory & Cognition , 32 , 990 – 1006 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green , P. , & Skinner , D. ( 2005 ). Does time management training work? An evaluation . International Journal of Training and Development , 9 , 124 – 138 .
   Google Scholar
• Jett , Q. R. , & George , J. M. ( 2003 ). Work interrupted: A closer look at the role of interruptions in organizational life . Academy of Management Review , 28 , 494 – 507 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirmeyer , S. L. ( 1988 ). Coping with competing demands—Interruption and the type-a pattern . Journal of Applied Psychology , 73 , 621 – 629 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• König , C. J. , Kleinmann , M. , & Höhmann , W. ( 2004 , August). Is a quiet hour an effective time management technique? Paper presented at the Academy of Management , New Orleans , LA .
   Google Scholar
• Macan , T. H. ( 1994 ). Time management: Test of a process model . Journal of Applied Psychology , 79 , 381 – 391 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nandhakumar , J. , & Jones , M. ( 2001 ). Accounting for time: Managing time in project-based team working . Accounting, Organizations and Society , 26 , 193 – 214 .
   Google Scholar
• Norman , D. A. , & Bobrow , D. G. ( 1975 ). Data-limited and resource-limited processes . Cognitive Psychology , 7 , 44 – 64 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olton , R. M. ( 1979 ). Experimental studies of incubation: Searching for the elusive . Journal of Creative behavior , 13 , 9 – 22 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patrick , C. ( 1938 ). Scientific thought . Journal of Psychology , 5 , 55 – 83 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Runco , M. A. , & Sakamoto , S. O. ( 1999 ). Experimental studies of creativity . In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.), Handbook of creativity (pp. 62 – 92 ). Cambridge , UK : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Segal , E. ( 2004 ). Incubation in insight problem solving . Creativity Research Journal , 16 , 141 – 148 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seifert , C. M. , Meyer , D. E. , Davidson , N. , Patalano , A. L. , & Yaniv , I. ( 1995 ). Demystification of cognitive insight: Opportunistic assimilation and the prepared-mind perspective . In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.), The nature of insight (pp. 65 – 124 ). Cambridge , MA : MIT Press .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , S. M. ( 1995 ). Fixation, incubation, and insight in memory and creative thinking . In S. M. Smith , T. B. Ward & R. A. Finke (Eds.), The creative cognition approach (pp. 135 – 156 ). Cambridge , MA : MIT Press .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , S. M. , & Blankenship , S. E. ( 1991 ). Incubation and the persistence of fixation in problem-solving . American Journal of Psychology , 104 , 61 – 87 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sternberg , R. J. , & Davidson , J. E. ( 1999 ). Insight . In M. A. Runco & S. R. Pritzker (Eds.), Encyclopedia of creativity (Vol. 2 , pp. 57 – 69 ). London : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Wallas , G. ( 1926 ). The art of thought . New York : Harcourt .
   Google Scholar
• Weisberg , R. W. ( 1995 ). Prolegomena to theories of insight in problem solving: A taxonomy of problems . In R. J. Sternberg & J. E. Davidson (Eds.), The nature of insight (pp. 157 – 196 ). London : MIT Press .
   Google Scholar
• Wells , D. H. ( 1996 ). Forced incubation . Creativity Research Journal , 9 , 407 – 409 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zijlstra , F. R. H. , Roe , R. A. , Leonora , A. B. , & Krediet , I. ( 1999 ). Temporal factors in mental work: Effects of interrupted activities . Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology , 72 , 163 – 185 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar