The Random-Map Technique: Enhancing Mind-Mapping with a Conceptual Combination Technique to Foster Creative Potential

REFERENCES

• Akinoglu, O., & Zeynep, Y. (2007). The effects of note taking in science education through the mind mapping technique on students’ attitudes, academic achievement and concept learning. Journal of Baltic Science Education, 6, 34–42.
   Google Scholar
• Baer, J. (2003). Evaluative thinking, creativity, and task specificity: Separating wheat from chaff is not the same as finding the needle in haystacks. In M. A. Runco (Ed.), Critical creative processes (pp. 129–152). Cresskill, NJ: Hampton.
   Google Scholar
• Baughman, W. A., & Mumford, M. D. (1995). Process analytic models of creative capacities: Operations involved in the combination and reorganization process. Creativity Research Journal, 8, 37–62. doi:10.1207/s15326934crj0801_4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bower, G. H. (2008). The evolution of a cognitive psychologist: A journey from simple behaviors to complex mental acts. Annual Review of Psychology, 59, 1–27. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.59.103006.093722
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brahm, A. G. (2013). The effect of mind-mapping applications on upper primary students’ success and inquiry-learning skills in science and environment education. International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education, 22, 337–352. doi:10.1080/10382046.2013.826543
   Google Scholar
• Buzan, T., & Buzan, B. (2010). The mind-map book: Unlock your creativity, boost your memory, change your life. London, England: BBC Active.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, J., Cohen, P., West, S. G., & Aiken, L. S. (2003). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences (3rd ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Collins, A. M., & Loftus, E. F. (1975). A spreading-activation theory of semantic processing. Psychological Review, 82, 407–428. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.82.6.407
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cramond, B., Matthews-Morgan, J., Torrance, E. P., & Zuo, L. (1999). Why should the torrance tests of creative thinking be used to assess creativity? Korean Journal of Thinking & Problem Solving, 9, 77–101.
   Google Scholar
• D’Antoni, A. V., Zipp, G. P., & Olson, V. G. (2009). Interrater reliability of the mind-map assessment rubric in a cohort of medical students. BMC Medical Education, 9, 19–26. doi:10.1186/1472-6920-9-19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dahl, D. W., & Moreau, C. P. (2002). The influence and value of analogical thinking during new product ideation. Journal of Marketing Research, 39, 47–60. doi:10.1509/jmkr.39.1.47.18930
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Bono, E. (1992). Serious creativity: Using the power of lateral thinking to create new ideas. New York, NY: HarperBusiness.
   Google Scholar
• Estes, Z., & Ward, T. B. (2002). The emergence of novel attributes in concept modification. Creativity Research Journal, 14, 149–156. doi:10.1207/s15326934crj1402_2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gill, T., & Dubé, L. (2007). What is a leather iron or a bird phone? Using conceptual combination to generate and understand new product concepts. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 17, 202–217. doi:10.1016/s1057-7408(07)70029-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guilford, J. P., Christensen, P. R., Merrifield, P. R., & Wilson, R. C. (1978). Alternate uses: Manual of instructions and interpretations. Orange, CA: Sheridan Psychological Services.
   Google Scholar
• Hampton, J. A. (1997). Emergent attributes in combined concepts. In T. B. Ward, S. M. Smith, & J. Vaid (Eds.), (Hg.): Creative thought. An investigation of conceptual structures and processes (pp. 83–110). Washington, DC: APA Books.
   Google Scholar
• Hardy, I., & Stadelhofer, B. (2006). Concept maps wirkungsvoll als strukturierungshilfen einsetzen: Welche rolle spielt die selbstkonstruktion? [Using concept maps effectively as structural support: The role of self-construction]. Zeitschrift Für Pädagogische Psychologie, 20, 175–187. doi:10.1024/1010-0652.20.3.175
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hennessey, B. A., & Amabile, T. M. (2010). Creativity. Annual Review of Psychology, 61, 569–598. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.093008.100416
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huba, M. E., & Freed, J. E. (2000). Learner-centered assessment on college campuses: Shifting the focus from teaching to learning. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
   Google Scholar
• Hunter, S. T., Bedell-Avers, K. E., Hunsicker, C. M., Mumford, M. D., & Ligon, G. S. (2008). Applying multiple knowledge structures in creative thought: Effects on idea generation and problem-solving. Creativity Research Journal, 20, 137–154. doi:10.1080/10400410802088779
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, K. H. (2011a). Proven reliability and validity of the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT). Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 5, 314–315. doi:10.1037/a0021916
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, K. H. (2011b). The APA 2009 division 10 debate: Are the torrance tests of creative thinking still relevant in the 21st century? Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 5, 302–308. doi:10.1037/a0021917
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koestler, A. (1964). The act of creation. New York, NY: Dell.
   Google Scholar
• Kohn, N. W., Paulus, P. B., & Korde, R. M. (2011). Conceptual combination and subsequent creativity. Creativity Research Journal, 23, 203–210. doi:10.1080/10400419.2011.595659
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krohne, H. W., Egloff, B., Kohlmann, C. W., & Tausch, A. (1996). Untersuchungen mit einer deutschen version der “Positive and Negative Affect Schedule” (PANAS) [Testings with the german version of the “Positive and Negative Affect Schedule”]. Diagnostica, 42, 139–156.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kulkani, D., & Simon, H. A. (1988). The process of scientific discovery: The strategy of experimentation. Cognitive Science, 12, 139–175. doi:10.1016/0364-0213(88)90020-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma, -H.-H. (2006). A synthetic analysis of the effectiveness of single components and packages in creativity training programs. Creativity Research Journal, 18, 435–446. doi:10.1207/s15326934crj1804_3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malycha, C. P., & Maier, G. W. (2012). Differentielle effekte der mind-map-technik auf das kreative lösen von unstrukturierten problemen [Differential effects of mind map technique on creative solution of unstructured problems]. Zeitschrift Für Pädagogische Psychologie, 26, 149–157. doi:10.1024/1010-0652/a000065
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mednick, S. A. (1962). The associative basis of the creative process. Psychological Review, 69, 220–232. doi:10.1037/h0048850
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell, G. (2012). Revisiting truth or triviality: The external validity of research in the psychological laboratory. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 7, 109–117. doi:10.1177/1745691611432343
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mobley, M. I., Doares, L. M., & Mumford, M. D. (1992). Process analytic models of creative capacities: Evidence for the combination and reorganization process. Creativity Research Journal, 5, 125–155. doi:10.1080/10400419209534428
   Google Scholar
• Mumford, M. D., Antes, A. L., Caughron, J. J., Connelly, S., & Beeler, C. (2010). Cross-field differences in creative problem-solving skills: A comparison of health, biological, and social sciences. Creativity Research Journal, 22, 14–26. doi:10.1080/10400410903579510
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mumford, M. D., Baughman, W. A., Maher, M. A., Costanza, D. P., & Supinski, E. P. (1997). Process-based measures of creative problem-solving skills: IV. Category combination. Creativity Research Journal, 10, 59–71. doi:10.1207/s15326934crj1001_7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mumford, M. D., Baughman, W. A., & Sager, C. E. (2003). Picking the right material: Cognitive processing skills and their role in creative thought. In M. A. Runco (Ed.), Critical creative processes (pp. 129–152). Cresskill, NJ: Hampton.
   Google Scholar
• Mumford, M. D., Baughman, W. A., Supinski, E. P., & Maher, M. A. (1996). Process-based measures of creative problem-solving skills: II. Information encoding. Creativity Research Journal, 9, 77–88. doi:10.1207/s15326934crj0901_7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mumford, M. D., Medeiros, K. E., & Partlow, P. J. (2012). Creative thinking: Processes, strategies, and knowledge. Journal of Creative Behavior, 46, 30–47. doi:10.1002/jocb.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mumford, M. D., Mobley, M. I., Uhlman, C. E., Reiter-Palmon, R., & Doares, L. M. (1991). Process analytic models of creative capacities. Creativity Research Journal, 4, 91–122. doi:10.1080/10400419109534380
   Google Scholar
• Nesbit, J. C., & Adesope, O. O. (2006). Learning with concept and knowledge maps: A meta-analyses. Review of Educational Research, 76, 413–448. doi:10.3102/00346543076003413
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nickerson, R. S. (1999). Enhancing creativity. In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.), Handbook of creativity (pp. 392–430). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Osborn, A. (1963). Applied imagination: Principles and procedures of creative thinking (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Scribner’s.
   Google Scholar
• Oswald, W. D., & Roth, E. (1978). Zahlen-Verbindungs-Test [Number combination test] (2rd ed.). Göttingen, Germany: Hogrefe.
   Google Scholar
• Puccio, G. J., Firestien, R. L., Coyle, C., & Masucci, C. (2006). A review of the effectiveness of CPS training: A focus on workplace issues. Creativity and Innovation Management, 15, 19–33. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8691.2006.00366.x
   Google Scholar
• Qin, Y., & Simon, H. A. (1990). Laboratory replication of scientific discovery processes. Cognitive Science, 14, 281–312. doi:10.1207/s15516709cog1402_4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Renkl, A., & Nückles, M. (2006). Lernstrategien der externen Visualisierung [Learning strategies of externalized visualization]. In H. Mandl, & H. F. Friedrich (Eds.), Handbuch Lernstrategien [Handbook of learning strategies] (pp. 135–147). Göttingen, Germany: Hogrefe.
   Google Scholar
• Rich, J. D., & Weisberg, R. W. (2004). Creating all in the family: A case study in creative thinking. Creativity Research Journal, 16, 247–259. doi:10.1207/s15326934crj1602&3_8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenthal, D. A., Morrison, S. M., & Perry, L. (1977). Teaching creativity: A comparison of two techniques. Australian Journal of Education, 21, 226–232. doi:10.1177/000494417702100302
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rothenberg, A. (1986). Artistic creation as stimulated by superimposed versus combined-composite visual images. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 370–381. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.50.2.370
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruiz-Primo, M. A., Schultz, S. E., Li, M., & Shavelson, R. J. (2001). Comparison of the reliability and validity of scores from two concept-mapping techniques. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 38(2), 260–278. doi:10.1002/1098-2736(200102)38:2<260::AID-TEA1005>3.0.CO;2-F
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Runco, M. A. (2007). Creativity. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Runco, M. A., Millar, G., Acar, S., & Cramond, B. (2010). Torrance tests of creative thinking as predictors of personal and public achievement: A fifty-year follow-up. Creativity Research Journal, 22, 361–368. doi:10.1080/10400419.2010.523393
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott, G., Leritz, L. E., & Mumford, M. D. (2004a). The effectiveness of creativity training: A quantitative review. Creativity Research Journal, 16, 361–388. doi:10.1207/s15326934crj1604_1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott, G., Leritz, L. E., & Mumford, M. D. (2004b). Types of creativity training: Approaches and their effectiveness. Journal of Creative Behavior, 38, 149–179. doi:10.1002/j.2162-6057.2004.tb01238.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott, G., Lonergan, D. C., & Mumford, M. D. (2005). Conceptual combination: Alternative knowledge structures, alternative heuristics. Creativity Research Journal, 17, 79–98. doi:10.1207/s15326934crj1701_7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siau, K. L. (1996). Electronic creativity techniques for organizational innovation. Journal of Creative Behavior, 30, 283–293. doi:10.1002/j.2162-6057.1996.tb00774.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, G. F. (1998). Idea-generation techniques: A formulary of active ingredients. Journal of Creative Behavior, 32, 107–133. doi:10.1002/j.2162-6057.1998.tb00810.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, S. M., & Ward, T. B. (2012). Cognition and the creation of ideas. In K. J. Holyoak, & R. G. Morrison (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of thinking and reasoning (pp. 456–474). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Svensson, N., Norlander, T., & Archer, T. (2002). Effects of individual performance versus group performance with and without de Bono technique for enhancing creativity. The Korean Journal of Thinking & Problem Solving, 12, 15–34.
   Google Scholar
• Tehan, G. (2010). Associative relatedness enhances recall and produces false memories in immediate serial recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 64, 266–272. doi:10.1037/a0021375
   Google Scholar
• Torrance, E. P. (1966). Torrance tests of creative thinking: thinking creatively with words, booklet A. Princeton, N.J: Personnel Press.
   Google Scholar
• Torrance, E. P. (2008). Torrance tests of creative thinking: Manual for scoring and interpreting results, Verbal form A and B. Bensenville, IL: Scholastic Testing Service.
   Google Scholar
• VanGundy, A. B. (1988). Techniques of structured problem solving (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
   Google Scholar
• Ward, T. B. (1995). What’s old about new ideas? In S. M. Smith, T. B. Ward, & R. A. Finke (Eds.), The creative cognition approach (pp. 157–178). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ward, T. B., Smith, S. M., & Finke, R. A. (1999). Creative cognition. In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.), Handbook of creativity (pp. 189–212). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Weisberg, R. W. (1999). Creativity and knowledge: A challenge to theories. In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.), Handbook of creativity (pp. 226–250). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wilde, M., Bätz, K., Kovaleva, A., & Urhahne, D. (2009). Überprüfung einer Kurzskala intrinsicher Motivation (KIM) [Testing a short scale of intrinsic motivation, KIM]. Zeitschrift Für Didaktik Der Naturwissenschaften, 15, 31–45.
   Google Scholar
• Wilkenfeld, M. J., & Ward, T. B. (2001). Similarity and emergence in conceptual combination. Journal of Memory and Language, 45, 21–38. doi:10.1006/jmla.2000.2772
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar