References
- Pangaro L , Bachicha J , Brodkey A , et al. Expectations of and for clerkship directors: a collaborative statement from the Alliance for Clinical Education. Teach Learn Med . 2003;15(3):217–222. doi:https://doi.org/10.1207/S15328015TLM1503_12.
- Schuster B , Pangaro L. Understanding systems of education: what to expect of, and for each faculty member. In: Pangaro LN , ed. Leadership Careers in Medical Education . Philadelphia, PA: American College of Physicians Press; 2010:51–72.
- Srinivasan M , Li ST , Meyers FJ , et al. “Teaching as a competency”. Competencies for medical educators. Acad Med . 2011;86(10):1211–1220.
- Batalden P , Leach D , Swing S , Dreyfus H , Dreyfus S. General competencies and accreditation in graduate medical education. Health Aff (Millwood) . 2002;21(5):103–111. doi:https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.21.5.103.
- Russo RA , Shankar R , Hilty D , Levine RE. What competencies are needed to run a course or clerkship? Acad Psychiatry . 2019;43(3):354–355. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s40596-019-01044-8.
- Beck Dallaghan GL , Ledford CH , Ander D , et al. Evolving roles of clerkship directors: have expectations changed? Med Educ . 2020;25(1):1714201. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10872981.2020.1714201.
- Cochella S , Steiner BD , Clinch CR , WinklerPrins V. STFM’s National Clerkship Curriculum: CERA reveals impact, clerkship director needs. Fam Med . 2014;46(6):429–432.
- Ephgrave K , Margo KL , White C , et al. Core clerkship directors: their current resources and the rewards of the role. Acad Med . 2010;85(4):710–715.
- Rogers RL , Wald DA , Lin M , Zun LS , Christopher T , Manthey DE. Expectations of an emergency medicine clerkship director. Acad Emerg Med . 2011;18(5):513–518. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1553-2712.2011.01063.x.
- Aiyer M , Appel J , Fischer M , et al. The role of the internal medicine subinternship director in the 21st century. Am J Med . 2008;121(8):733–737. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2008.04.025.
- Chen HC , van den Broek WE , ten Cate O. The case for use of entrustable professional activities in undergraduate medical education. Acad Med . 2015;90(4):431–436.
- Worley P , Couper I , Strasser R , The Consortium of Longitudinal Integrated Clerkships (CLIC) Research Collaborative, et al. A typology of longitudinal integrated clerkships. Med Educ . 2016;50(9):922–932. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.13084.
- Gaglani SM , Topol EJ. iMedEd: the role of mobile health technologies in medical education. Acad Med . 2014;89(9):1207–1209.
- Kind T , Patel PD , Lie D , Chretien KC. Twelve tips for using social media as a medical educator. Med Teach . 2014;36(4):284–290. doi:https://doi.org/10.3109/0142159X.2013.852167.
- Herron J. Augmented reality in medical education and training. J Electron Res Med Lib . 2016;13(2):51–55. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/15424065.2016.1175987.
- Uchida T , Achike FI , Blood AD , et al. Resources used to teach the physical exam to preclerkship medical students: results of a national survey. Acad Med . 2018;93(5):736–741. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000002051.
- Erikson C , Harmann R , Levitan T , Stanley J , Whatley M. Recruiting and Maintaining U.S. Clinical Training Sites: Joint Report of the 2013 Multi-discipline Clerkship/Clinical Training Site Survey . Washington, DC: Association of American Medical Colleges; 2014.
- Shahi R , Walters L , Ward H , Woodman RJ , Prideaux D. Clinical participation of medical students in three contemporary training models. Med Educ . 2015;49(12):1219–1228. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.12815.
- Winters M. Medical student wellness: blueprints for the curriculum of the future. In Resident & Student Health . Vol. 2021. Chicago, IL: American Medical Association; 2016.
- Carraccio C , Englander R , Van Melle E , et al. Advancing competency-based medical education: a charter for clinician–educators. Acad Med . 2016;91(5):645–649. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000001048.
- Morgenstern BZ, Horak H, Konopasek L, Ledford C, Manthey D, Olasky J, Power DV, Pradhan A, Vaidya N, Beck Dallaghan GL (eds). Guidebook for Clerkship Directors . 5th ed. North Syracuse, NY: Gegensatz Press; 2019.
- Huang WY , Purkiss J , Eden AR , Appelbaum N. Family Medicine Clerkship Directors’ handling of student mistreatment: results from a CERA survey. Fam Med. 2020;52(5):324–331. doi:10.22454/FamMed.2020.409025.
- Glod SA , Alexandraki I , Jasti H , et al. Clerkship roles and responsibilities in a rapidly changing landscape: a national survey of internal medicine clerkship directors. J Gen Intern Med . 2020;35(5):1375–1381. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-019-05610-6.
- Chheda S , Hemmer PA , Durning S. Teaching about racial/ethnic health disparities: a national survey of clerkship directors in internal medicine. Teach Learn Med . 2009;21(2):127–130. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10401330902791172.
- Mihalic AP , Dobbie AE , Kinkade S. Cultural competence teaching in U.S. pediatric clerkships in 2006. Acad Med . 2007;82(6):558–562.
- Butler PD , Swift M , Kothari S , et al. Integrating cultural competency and humility training into clinical clerkships: surgery as a model. J Surg Educ . 2011;68(3):222–230. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsurg.2011.01.002.
- Paul CR , Devries J , Fliegel J , Van Cleave J , Kish J. Evaluation of a culturally effective health care curriculum integrated into a core pediatric clerkship. Ambul Pediatr . 2008;8(3):195–199. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ambp.2007.12.007.
- Mihalic AP , Morrow JB , Long RB , Dobbie AE. A validated cultural competence curriculum for US pediatric clerkships. Patient Educ Couns . 2010;79(1):77–82. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2009.07.029.
- Moffett SE , Shahidi H , Sule H , Lamba S. Social determinants of health curriculum integrated into a core emergency medicine clerkship. MedEdPORTAL . 2019;15(1):10789. doi:https://doi.org/10.15766/mep_2374-8265.10789.
- Developed by the Association of Academic Physiatrists . Recommended guidelines for admission of candidates with disabilities to medical school. Am J Phys Med Rehabil . 1993;72(1):45–47.
- Liaison Committee on Medical Education . Functions and structure of a medical school – 2022–23. https://lcme.org/publications/. Published 2021. Accessed May 3, 2021.
- Rosebraugh CJ. Learning disabilities and medical schools. Med Educ . 2000;34(12):994–1000. doi:https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2923.2000.00689.x.
- Rotenstein LS , Ramos MA , Torre M , et al. Prevalence of depression, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation among medical students: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA . 2016;316(21):2214–2236. doi:https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2016.17324.
- Moir F , Yielder J , Sanson J , Chen Y. Depression in medical students: current insights. AMEP . 2018;9:323–333. doi:https://doi.org/10.2147/AMEP.S137384.
- Espaillat A , Panna DK , Goede DL , Gurka MJ , Novak MA , Zaidi Z. An exploratory study on microaggressions in medical school: what are they and why should we care? Perspect Med Educ . 2019;8(3):143–151. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s40037-019-0516-3.
- Chisholm LP , Jackson KR , Davidson HA , Churchwell AL , Fleming AE , Drolet BC. Evaluation of racial microaggressions experienced during medical school training and the effect on medical student education and burnout: a validation study. J Natl Med Assoc . 2021; 113(3):310-314. doi:10.1016/j.jnma.2020.11.009.
- Krishnan A , Rabinowitz M , Ziminsky A , Scott SM , Chretien KC. Addressing race, culture, and structural inequality in medical education: a guide for revising teaching cases. Acad Med . 2019;94(4):550–555. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000002589.
- Gonzalo JD , Skochelak SE , Borkan JM , Wolpaw DR. What is health systems science? Building an integrated vision. In: Skochelak S , Hammoud M , Lomis K , eds. Health Systems Science . 2nd ed. Philadelpia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:8–11.
- Berwick DM , Nolan TW , Whittington J. The triple aim: care, health, and cost. Health Aff (Millwood) . 2008;27(3):759–769. doi:https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.27.3.759.
- Bodenheimer T , Sinsky C. From triple to quadruple aim: care of the patient requires care of the provider. Ann Fam Med . 2014;12(6):573–576. doi:https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.1713.
- Gonzalo JD , Ogrinc G. Health systems science: the "broccoli" of undergraduate medical education. Acad Med . 2019;94(10):1425–1432. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000002815.
- Starr SR , Ogrinc GS. Health systems science for clerkship directors. In: Morgenstern B , ed. Alliance for Clinical Education Guidebook for Clerkship Directors . 5th ed. Syracuse, NY: Gegensatz Press; 2019:453–472.
- Gonzalo JD , Chang A , Wolpaw DR. New educator roles for health systems science: implications of new physician competencies for U.S. medical school faculty. Acad Med . 2019;94(4):501–506. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000002552.
- Leep Hunderfund AN , Dyrbye LN , Starr SR , et al. Role modeling and regional health care intensity: U.S. medical student attitudes toward and experiences with cost-conscious care. Acad Med . 2017;92(5):694–702. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000001223.
- Hassan I , Bui T. Developing social medicine cases using a structural competency framework - a Workshop. Change MedEd September 18, 2019; Chicago, IL.
- Moser EM , Huang GC , Packer CD , et al. SOAP-V: introducing a method to empower medical students to be change agents in bending the cost curve. J Hosp Med . 2016;11(3):217–220. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/jhm.2489.
- Natt N , Starr SR , Reed DA , Park YS , Dyrbye LN , Leep Hunderfund AN. High-value, cost-conscious communication skills in undergraduate medical education: validity evidence for scores derived from two standardized patient scenarios. Sim Healthcare . 2018;13(5):316–323. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/SIH.0000000000000316.
- Ryder HF , Huntington JT , West A , Ogrinc G. What do i do when something goes wrong? Teaching medical students to identify, understand, and engage in reporting medical errors. Acad Med . 2019;94(12):1910–1915.
- Gonzalo JD , Davis C , Thompson BM , Haidet P. Unpacking medical students’ mixed engagement in health systems science education. Teach Learn Med . 2020;32(3):250–258. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10401334.2019.1704765.
- Borkan JM , Starr SR , Hammoud MM , et al. Health systems science education: The new post-Flexner professionalism for the 21st century. Medical Teacher . In press.
- Wright J , Cawse-Lucas J. Day-to-day management of a clerkship. In: Morgenstern B , ed. Guidebook for Clerskhip Directors . 5th ed. Syracuse, NY: Gegensatz Press; 2019:22.
- Drowos J , Sairenji T , Watson KH , et al. Identifying and remediating quality issues at clinical teaching sites: a CERA clerkship directors survey. Fam Med. 2019;51(10):811–816. doi: 10.22454/FamMed.2019.838842
- Mims LD , Everard K , Hall K , et al. Family medicine clerkship directors’ influence on the residency program selection process: a CERA study. Fam Med . 2016;48(2):108–113.
- DeWaay DJ , Clyburn EB , Brady DW , Wong JG. Redesigning medical education in internal medicine: adapting to the changing landscape of 21st century medical practice. Am J Med Sci . 2016;351(1):77–83. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjms.2015.10.017.
- Cutrer WB , Miller B , Pusic MV , et al. Fostering the development of master adaptive learners: a conceptual model to guide skill acquisition in medical education. Acad Med . 2017;92(1):70–75. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000001323.
- Carter JL , Ali II , Isaacson RS , For the Neurology Clerkship Director Survey Work Group of the Undergraduate Education Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology, et al. Status of neurology medical school education: results of 2005 and 2012 clerkship director survey. Neurology . 2014;83(19):1761–1766. doi:https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000000962.
- Durning SJ , Papp KK , Pangaro LN , Hemmer P. Expectations of and for internal medicine clerkship directors: how are we doing? Teach Learn Med . 2007;19(1):65–69. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10401330709336626.
- Ephgrave K , Ferguson K , Shaaban A , Hoshi H. Resources and rewards for clerkship directors: how surgery compares. Am J Surg . 2010;199(1):66–71. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2009.08.017.
- Margo K , Gazewood J , Jerpbak C , Burge S , Usatine R. Clerkship directors’ characteristics, scholarship, and support: a summary of published surveys from seven medical specialties. Teach Learn Med . 2009;21(2):94–99. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10401330902791065.
- Morgan HK , Graziano SC , Craig LB , for the Undergraduate Medical Education Committee, Association of Professors of Gynecology and Obstetrics, et al. A national survey of profiles of clerkship directors in obstetrics and gynecology. Obstet Gynecol . 2019;134(4):869–873. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000003471.
- Roman B , Briscoe G , Gay T. Medical student psychiatric educators’ perceptions of supports, resources, and rewards. Acad Psychiatry . 2014;38(3):316–319. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s40596-014-0110-2.
- Thomas LA , Dallaghan GB , Balon RM. The 2016 survey of the association of directors of medical student education in psychiatry. Acad Psychiatry . 2018;42(3):366–370. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s40596-017-0874-2.
- Wald DA , Khandelwal S , Manthey DE , Way DP , Ander DS , Thibodeau L. Emergency medicine clerkship directors: current workforce. WestJEM . 2014;15(4):398–403. doi:https://doi.org/10.5811/westjem.2014.1.20013.
- Safdieh JE , Quick AD , Korb PJ , for the American Academy of Neurology Consortium of Neurology Clerkship Directors 2017 Neurology Clerkship Director Survey Workgroup, et al. A dozen years of evolution of neurology clerkships in the United States: looking up. Neurology . 2018;91(15):e1440–e1447. doi:https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000006170.