REFERENCES
- Miner , J. R. , Dell , J. , Galbato , A. and Ragen , M. A. 1996 . “F-117-PW-100 Hybrid Bearing Ceramic Technology Insertion,” . ASME Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power , 118 : 434 – 442 .
- Tanimoto , K. , Kajihara , K. and Yanai , K. 2000 . “Hybrid Ceramic Ball Bearings for Turbochargers,” SAE Paper No. 2000-01-1339
- Hadfield , M. , Stolarski , T. , Cundill , R. T. and Horton , S. 1993 . “Failure Modes of Ceramic Elements with Ring Crack Defects,” . Tribology International , 26 : 157 – 164 .
- Levesque , G. and Arakere , N. 2008 . “An Investigation of Partial Cone Cracks in Silicon Nitride Balls,” . International Journal of Solids and Structures , 45 ( 25–26 ) : 6301 – 6315 .
- Jahanmir , S. 1994 . Friction and Wear of Ceramics , New York : Marcel Dekker .
- Piotrowski , A. E. and O'Brien , M. J. 2006 . “A Novel Test Method to Measure the Fracture Toughness of Ceramic Balls Used in Bearings,” . Fatigue and Fracture in Engineering of Materials and Structures , 29 : 558 – 572 .
- Wang , Y. and Hadfield , M. 2000 . “The Influence of Ring Crack Location on the Rolling Contact Fatigue Failure of Lubricated Silicon Nitride: Experimental Studies,” . Wear , 243 : 157 – 166 .
- Frank , F. C. and Lawn , B. R. 1967 . “On the Theory of Hertzian Fracture,” . Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series A , 299 : 291 – 306 .
- Evans , A. G. 1983 . Progress in Nitrogen Ceramics , Edited by: Riley , P. L. 595 The Netherlands : Martinus Nijhoff Publishers .
- Hadfield , M. , Stolarski , T. A. , Cundhill , R. T. and Horton . 1993 . “Failure Modes of Ceramics in Rolling Contact,” . Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. Ser. A , 443 : 607 – 621 .
- Wang , Y. 2000 . Failure Modes of Silicon Nitride Rolling Elements with Ring Cracks , Ph.D. Thesis Bournemouth University, UK .
- Johnson , K. L. 1987 . Contact Mechanics , Cambridge : Cambridge Press .
- Andersson , M. 1996 . “Stress Distribution and Crack Initiation for an Elastic Contact Including Friction,” . International Journal of Solids and Structures , 33 : 3673 – 3696 .
- Rajaram , H. , Socrate , S. and Parks , D. M. 2000 . “Application of Domain Integral Methods Using Tetrahedral Elements to the Determination of Stress Intensity Factors,” . Engineering Fracture Mechanics , 66 ( 5 ) : 455 – 482 .
- Newman , J. C. and Raju , I. S. 1981 . “An Empirical Stress-Intensity Factor Equation for the Surface Crack,” . Engineering Fracture Mechanics , 15 : 185
- Gu , P. , Nordlund , P. , Asaro , R. J. and Uang , C. M. 2005 . “Crack Face Contact, Frictional Sliding and Mesh Design Flexibility,” . Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering , 21 : 209 – 217 .
- Dessault Systémes . 2007 . ABAQUS Theory Manual , Providence, RI : Dessault Systémes .
- Bogdanski , S. and Trajer , M. 2005 . “A Dimensionless Multi-Size Finite Element Model of a Rolling Contact Fatigue Crack,” . Wear , 258 : 1265 – 1272 .
- Anderson , T. L. 2005 . Fracture Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications , Boca Raton, FL : Taylor & Francis Group .