Friction and Wear Behaviors of TiN Coatings under Dry and Vacuum Conditions

References

• Stachowiak, G. W. and Batchelor, A. W. (2006), Engineering Tribology, 3rd ed., Butterworth Heinemann: Massachusetts.
   Google Scholar
• Papadopoulos, P. (2007), “Investigation of Fundamental Wear Mechanisms at the Piston Ring and Cylinder Wall Interface in Internal Combustion Engines,” Journal of Engineering Tribology, 21, pp 337–343.
   Google Scholar
• Holmberg, K., Andersson, P., and Erdemir, A. (2012), “Global Energy Consumption Due to Friction in Passenger Cars,” Tribology International, 47, pp 221–234.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chu, S. and Majumdar, A. (2012), “Opportunities and Challenges for a Sustainable Energy Future,” Nature, 488, pp 294–303.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang, J.-H., Ma, C.-H., and Chen, H. (2006), “Effect of Ti Interlayer on the Residual Stress and Texture Development of TiN Thin Films,” Surface and Coatings Technology, 200(20), pp 5937–5945.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayrhofer, P. H., Kunc, F., Musil, J., and Mitterer, C. (2002), “A Comparative Study on Reactive and Non-Reactive Unbalanced Magnetron Sputter Deposition of TiN Coatings,” Thin Solid Films, 415(1–2), pp 151–159.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Irudayaraj, A. A., Kuppusami, P., and Kalainathan, S. (2008), “Structural Properties and Electrical Resistivity of TiNx and Ti1-xAlxN Films Prepared by Reactive DC Magnetron Sputtering: Effect of Nitrogen Flowrate,” Surface Engineering, 24(1), pp 28–35.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xi, Y., Gao, K., Pang, X., Yang, H., Xiong, X., Li, H., and Volinsky, A. A. (2017), “Film Thickness Effect on Texture and Residual Stress Sign Transition in Sputtered TiN Thin Films,” Ceramics International, 43(15), pp 11992–11997.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chavda, M. R., Dave, D. P., Chauhan, K. V., and Rawal, S. K. (2016), “Tribological Characterization of TiN Coatings Prepared by Sputtering,” Procedia Technology, 23, pp 36–41.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, S. (1993), “TiN Coating of Tool Steels: A Review,” Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 39, pp 165–177.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cao, X., Shao, T., and Wen, S. (2004), “Micro/Nanotribological and Mechanical Studies of TiN Thin-Film for MEMS Applications,” Tribology Transactions, 47, pp 227–232.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rickerby, D. S. and Newbery, R. B. (1988), “Structure, Properties and Applications of TiN Coatings Produced by Sputter Ion Plating,” Vacuum, 38(B), pp 161–166.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vetter, J. (1995), “Vacuum Arc Coatings for Tools: Potential and Application,” Surface and Coatings Technology, 76–77, pp 719–724.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Voevodin, A. A., O’Neill, J. P., and Zabinski, J. S. (1999), “Nanocomposite Tribological Coatings for Aerospace Applications,” Surface and Coatings Technology, 116–119, pp 36–45.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varenberg, M., Etsion, I., and Halperin, G. (2003), “An Improved Wedge Calibration Method for Lateral Force in Atomic Force Microscopy,” Review of Scientific Instruments, 74, pp 3362–3367.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dowson, D., Priest, M., Dalmaz, G., and Lubrecht, A. A. (2003), Tribological Research and Design for Engineering Systems, Elsevier: Amsterdam, Netherlands.
   Google Scholar
• Arshi, N., Lu, J., Heun, B. K., Lee, C. G., and Ahmed, F. (2012), “Effect of Nitrogen Flow Rate on the Properties of TiN Film Deposited by E Beam Evaporation Technique,” Applied Surface Science, 258(22), pp 8498–8505.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar, D. D., Kumar, N., Kalaiselvam, S., Thangappan, R., and Jayavel, R. (2018), “Film Thickness Effect and Substrate Dependent Tribo-Mechanical Characteristics of Titanium Nitride Films,” Surfaces and Interfaces, 12, pp 78–85.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, H. T., Park, J. Y., and Park, C. (2012), “Effects of Nitrogen Flow Rate on Titanium Nitride Films Deposition by DC Facing Target Sputtering Method,” Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, 29(5), pp 676–679.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun, C. C., Lee, S. C., Hwang, W. C., Hwang, J. S., Tang, I. T., and Fu, Y. S. (2006), “Surface Free Energy of Alloy Nitride Coatings Deposited Using Closed Field Unbalanced Magnetron Sputter Ion Plating,” Materials Transactions, 47(10), pp 2533–2539.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, M. I., McColl, U. I. R., and Grant, D. M. (2000), “Effect of Substrate Preparation and Deposition Conditions on the Preferred Orientation of TiN Coatings Deposited by RF Reactive Sputtering,” Surface and Coatings Technology, 132, pp 143–151.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chou, W. J., Yu, G. P., and Huang, H. J. (2002), “Mechanical Properties of TiN Thin Film Coatings on 304 Stainless Steel Substrates,” Surface and Coatings Technology, 149, pp 7–13.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tuffy, K., Byrne, G., and Dowling, D. (2004), “Determination of the Optimum TiN Coating Thickness on WC Inserts for Machining Carbon Steels,” Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 155–156, pp 1861–1866.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quaeyhaegens, C., Knuyt, G., D’Haen, J., and Stals, L. M. (1995), “Experimental Study of the Growth Evolution from Random towards a (111) Preferential Orientation of PVD TIN Coatings,” Thin Solid Films, 258, pp 170–173.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pang, X., Zhang, L., Yang, H., Gao, K., and Volin, A. A. (2015), “Residual Stress and Surface Energy of Sputtered TiN Films,” Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 24(3), pp 1185–1191.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gall, D., Kodambaka, S., Wall, M. A., Petrov, I., and Greene, J. E. (2003), “Pathways of Atomistic Processes on TiN(001) and (111) Surfaces during Film Growth: An ab initio Study,” Journal of Applied Physics, 93(11), pp 9086–9094.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mubarak, A., Akhter, P., Hamzah, E., Toff, M. M. R., and Qazi, I. A. (2008), “Effect of Coating Thickness on the Properties of Tin Coatings Deposited on Tool Steels Using Cathodic Arc PVD Technique,” Surface Review and Letters, 15(4), pp 401–410.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Çalişkan, H., Panjan, P., and Paskvale, S. (2014), “Monitoring of Wear Characteristics of TiN and TiAlN Coatings at Long Sliding Distances,” Tribology Transactions, 57(3), pp 496–502.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Banerjee, T. and Chattopadhyay, A. K. (2015), “Structural, Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Pulsed DC Magnetron Sputtered TiN-WSx/TiN Bilayer Coating,” Surface and Coatings Technology, 285, pp 24–35.
   Google Scholar
• Cho, C. W. and Lee, Y. Z. (2003), “Effects of Oxide Layer on the Friction Characteristics between TiN Coated Ball and Steel Disk in Dry Sliding,” Wear, 254, pp 383–390.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takadoum, J., Bennani, H. H., and Allouard, M. (1996), “Friction and Wear Characteristics of TiN, TiCN and Diamond-Like Carbon Films,” Surface and Coatings Technology, 88, pp 232–238.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takadoum, J. and Bennani, H. H. (1997), “Influence of Substrate Roughness and Coating Thickness on Adhesion, Friction and Wear of TiN Films,” Surface and Coatings Technology, 96, pp 272–282.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelleg, J., Zevin, L. Z., and Lungo, S. (1991), “Reactive-Sputter-Deposited TiN Films on Glass Substrates,” Thin Solid Films, 7, pp 117–128.
   Google Scholar
• Jones, M. I., McColl, I. R., Grant, D. M., Parker, K. G., and Parker, T. L. (1999), “Haemocompatibility of DLC and TiC-TiN Interlayers on Titanium,” Diamond and Related Materials, 8, pp 457–462.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, X., Zeng, Y., Ding, C., and Zhang, P. (2004), “Effects of Temperature on Tribological Properties of Nanostructured and Conventional Al2O3-3 wt.% TiO2 Coatings,” Wear, 256, pp 1018–1025.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, W. H. and Hsieh, J. H. (2000), “Tribological Behavior of TiN and CrN Coatings Sliding against an Epoxy Molding Compound,” Surface and Coatings Technology, 130(2–3), pp 240–247.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson, S. and Alpas, A. T. (2000), “Tribo-Layer Formation during Sliding Wear of TiN Coatings,” Wear, 245, pp 223–229.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holmberg, K. and Matthews, A. (1994), Coating Tribology, Elsevier: Amsterdam.
   Google Scholar
• Gardos, M. N., Hong, H. S., and Winer, W. O. (1990), “The Effect of Anion Vacancies on the Tribological Properties of Rutile (TiO2-x), Part II: Experimental Evidence,” Tribology Transactions, 33(2), pp 209–220.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polcar, T., Kubart, T., Novák, R., Kopecký, L., and Široky, P. (2005), “Comparison of Tribological Behaviour of TiN, TiCN and CrN at Elevated Temperatures,” Surface and Coatings Technology, 193, pp 192–199.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsutsui, H. (2008), “Study on the Effect of Physical Properties on Wear Resistances of TiN Films Coated by Arc-Plasma Ion Plating,” NTN Technical Review, 76, pp 52–57.
   Google Scholar
• Ching, H. A., Choudhury, D., Nine, M. J., and Abu Osman, N. A. (2014), “Effects of Surface Coating on Reducing Friction and Wear of Orthopaedic Implants,” Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 15(1), pp 1–21.
   Google Scholar
• Colombo, D. A., Echeverría, M. D., Laino, S., Dommarco, R. C., and Massone, J. M. (2014), “Sliding Wear Behavior of PVD CrN and TiN Coated Austempered Ductile Iron,” ISIJ International, 54(12), pp 2860–2867.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dowson, D., Taylor, C. M., and Godet, M. (1990), Mechanics of Coatings, Elsevier: New York.
   Google Scholar