The Lubricating Properties of Spark Plasma Sintered (SPS) Ti₃SiC₂ MAX Phase Compound and Composite

References

• Hong Ng, V. M., Huang, H., Zhou, K., Lee, P.S., Que, W., Xu, J. Z., and Kong, L. B. (2017), “Recent Progress in Layered Transition Metal Carbides and/or Nitrides (MXenes) and Their Composites: Synthesis and Applications,” Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 5(7), pp 3039–3068.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eklund, P., Rosen, J., and Persson, P. O. Å. (2017), “Layered Ternary Mn + 1AXn phases and Their 2D Derivative MXene: An Overview from a Thin-Film Perspective,” Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 50(11), pp 113001–113014.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fashandi, H., Lai, C. C., Dahlqvist, M., Lu, J., Rosen, J., Hultman, L., Greczynski, G., Andersson, M., Lloyd Spetz, A., and Eklund, P. (2017), “Ti2Au2C and Ti3Au2C2 Formed by Solid State Reaction of Gold with Ti2AlC and Ti3AlC2,” Chemical Communications, 53(69), pp 9554–9557.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fashandi, H., Dahlqvist, M., Lu, J., Palisaitis, J., Simak, S. I., Abrikosov, I. A., Rosen, J., Hultman, L., Andersson, M., Lloyd Spetz, A., and Eklund, P. (2017), “Synthesis of Ti3AuC2, Ti3Au2C2 and Ti3IrC2 by Noble Metal Substitution Reaction in Ti3SiC2 for High-Temperature-Stable Ohmic Contacts to SiC,” Nature Materials, 16, pp 814–818.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sokol, M., Natu, V., Kota, S., and Barsoum, M. W. (2019), “Big Questions in Chemistry—On the Chemical Diversity of the MAX Phases.” Trends in Chemistry Cell Press Reviews, 1(2), pp 210–223.
   Google Scholar
• Mo, Y., Aryal, S., Rulis, P., and Ching, W.-Y. (2014), “Crystal Structure and Elastic Properties of Hypothesized MAX Phase-Like Compound (Cr2Hf)2Al3C3,” Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 97(8), pp 2646–2653.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta, S. and Barsoum, M. W. (2011), “On the Tribology of the MAX Phases and Their Composites during Dry Sliding: A Review,” Wear, 271(9–10), pp 1878–1894.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smialek, J. L. (2018), “Oxidation of Al2O3 Scale-Forming MAX Phases in Turbine Environments,” Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 49(3), pp 782–792.
   Google Scholar
• Barsoum, M. W. (2013), MAX Phases: Properties of Machinable Ternary Carbides and Nitrides, Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, Germany.
   Google Scholar
• Barsoum, M. W. and Radovic, M. (2011), “Elastic and Mechanical Properties of the MAX Phases,” Annual Review of Materials Research, 41, pp 195–227.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhai, W., Shi, X., Wang, M., Xu, Z., Yao, J., Song, S., and Zhang, Q. (2014), “Friction and Wear Properties of TiAl-Ti3SiC2-MoS2 Composites Prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering,” Tribology Transactions, 57(3), pp 416–424.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le Flem, M. and Liu, X. M. (2012), “Stability of Ti3SiC2 under Charged Particle Irradiation,” Advances in Science and Technology of Mn + 1axn Phases, Low, I. M. (Ed.), pp 355–387, Woodhead Publishing: Sawston, Cambridge, UK.
   Google Scholar
• Barsoum, M. W., Farber, L., and El-Raghy, T. (1999), “Dislocations, Kink Bands, and Room-Temperature Plasticity of Ti3SiC2,” Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 30(7), pp 1727–1738.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barsoum, M. W. and El-Raghy, T. (1996), “Synthesis and Characterization of a Remarkable Ceramic: Ti3SiC2,” Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 79(7), pp 1953–1956.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haftani, M., Saeedi Heydari, M., Baharvandi, H. R., and Ehsani, N. (2016), “Studying the Oxidation of Ti2AlC MAX Phase in Atmosphere: A Review,” International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 61, pp 51–60.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwakernaak, C. and Sloof, W. G. (2018), “Work of Adhesion of Interfaces between M2AlC (M=Ti, V, Cr) MAX Phases and α-Al2O3,” Ceramics International, 44(18), pp 23172–23179.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen, L., Eichner, D., van der Zwaag, S., Leyens, C., and Sloof, W. G. (2016), “Reducing the Erosive Wear Rate of Cr2AlC MAX Phase Ceramic by Oxidative Healing of Local Impact Damage,” Wear, 358–359, pp 1–6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farle, A.-S., Stikkelman, J., Zwaag, S., and Sloof, W. G. (2017), “Oxidation and Self-Healing Behaviour of Spark Plasma Sintered Ta2AlC,” Journal of the European ceramic society, 37, pp 1969–1974.
   Google Scholar
• Qian, X. K. (2012), “Methods of MAX-Phase Synthesis and Densification,” Advances in Science and Technology of Mn + 1axn Phases, Low, I. M. (Ed.), pp 1–19, Woodhead Publishing: Sawston, Cambridge, UK.
   Google Scholar
• Sloof, W. G., Pei, R., McDonald, S. A., Fife, J. L., Shen, L., Boatemaa, L., Farle, A.-S., Yan, K., Zhang, X., van der Zwaag, S., Lee, P. D., and Withers, P. J. (2016), “Repeated Crack Healing in MAX-Phase Ceramics Revealed by 4D In Situ Synchrotron X-ray Tomographic Microscopy,” Scientific Reports, 6, pp 23040–23049.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farle, A.-S., Kwakernaak, C., van der Zwaag, S., and Sloof, W. G. (2015), “A Conceptual Study into the Potential of Mn + 1AXn-Phase Ceramics for Self-Healing of Crack Damage,” Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 35(1), pp 37–45.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pang, W. K. and Low, I. M. (2014), “Understanding and Improving the Thermal Stability of Layered Ternary Carbides in Ceramic Matrix Composites,” Advances in Ceramic Matrix Composites, Low, I. M. (Ed.), pp 340–368, Woodhead Publishing: Sawston, Cambridge, UK.
   Google Scholar
• Sun, Z. M. (2011), “Progress in Research and Development on MAX Phases: A Family of Layered Ternary Compounds,” International Materials Reviews, 56(3), pp 143–166.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grieseler, R., Camargo, M. K., Hopfeld, M., Schmidt, U., Bund, A., and Schaaf, P. (2017), “Copper-MAX-Phase Composite Coatings Obtained by Electro-Co-Deposition: A Promising Material for Electrical Contacts,” Surface and Coatings Technology, 321, pp 219–228.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu, Y., Zhou, A., Ji, Y., Jia, J., Wang, L., Wu, B., and Qingfeng, Z. (2015), “Tribological Properties of Ti3SiC2 Coupled with Different Counterfaces,” Ceramic International, 41, pp 6950–6955.
   Google Scholar
• Souchet, A., Fontaine, J., Belin, M., LeMogne, T., Loubet, J.-L., and Barsoum, M. W. (2005), “Tribological Duality of Ti3SiC2,” Tribology Letters, 18(3), pp 341–352.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarkar, D., Kumar, B. V. M., and Basu, B. (2006), “Understanding the Fretting Wear of Ti3SiC2,” Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 26(13), pp 2441–2452.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dang, W., Ren, S., Zhou, J., Yu, Y., Li, Z., and Wang, L. (2016), “Influence of Cu on the Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Ti3SiC2,” Ceramics International, 42(8), pp 9972–9980.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dang, W., Ren, S., Zhou, J., Yu, Y., and Wang, L. (2016), “The Tribological Properties of Ti3SiC2/Cu/Al/SiC Composite at Elevated Temperatures,” Tribology International, 104, pp 294–302.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, J., Gu, W., Pan, L. M., Song, K., Chen, X., and Qiu, T. (2011), “Friction and Wear Properties of In Situ (TiB2+TiC)/Ti3SiC2 Composites,” Wear, 271(11), pp 2940–2946.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DellaCorte, C., Zaldana, A. R., and Radil, K. C. (2002), “A Systems Approach to the Solid Lubrication of Foil Air Bearings for Oil-Free Turbomachinery,” Journal of Tribology, 126, pp 200–207.
   Google Scholar
• Magnus, C. and Rainforth, W. M. (2019), “Influence of Sintering Environment on the Spark Plasma Sintering of Maxthal 312 (Nominally-Ti3SiC2) and the Role of Powder Particle Size on Densification,” Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 801, pp 208–219.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, F., Reich, M., Kessler, O., and Burkel, E. (2013), “The Potential of Rapid Cooling Spark Plasma Sintering for Metallic Materials,” Materials Today, 16(5), pp 192–197.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tokita, M. (2001), “Mechanism of Spark Plasma Sintering,” NEDO International Symposium on Functionally Graded Materials, 21, pp 729–732.
   Google Scholar
• Aalund, R. (2008), “Spark Plasma Sintering,” Ceramic Industry.
   Google Scholar
• ASTM International. (2008), Metal Powder, Standard Test Methods for Density of Compacted or Sintered Powder Metallurgy (PM) Products Using Archimedes’ Principle, ASTM International: Pennsylvania, USA.
   Google Scholar
• El-Raghy, T. and Barsoum, M. W. (1998), “Diffusion Kinetics of the Carburization and Silicidation of Ti3SiC2,” Journal of Applied Physics, 83(1), pp 112–119.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kero, I., Tegman, R., and Antti, M.-L. (2011), “Phase Reactions Associated with the Formation of Ti3SiC2 from TiC/Si Powders,” Ceramics International, 37(7), pp 2615–2619.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, Z. F., Sun, Z. M., and Hashimoto, H. (2002), “Rapid Synthesis of Ternary Carbide Ti3SiC2 through Pulse-Discharge Sintering Technique from Ti/Si/TiC Powders,” Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 33(11), pp 3321–3328.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kero, I., Tegman, R., and Antti, M.-L. (2010), “Effect of the Amounts of Silicon on the In Situ Synthesis of Ti3SiC2 Based Composites Made from TiC/Si Powder Mixtures,” Ceramics International, 36(1), pp 375–379.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, Z., Geng, C., Ke, Y., Li, C., Jiao, X., Zhao, Y., Tang, H., and Wang, M. (2018), “Processing and Mechanical Properties of Nonstoichiometric TiCx (0.3≤x≤0.5),” Ceramics International, 44(15), pp 18996–19001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, S. B., Cheng, L. F., and Zhang, L. T. (2002), “Identification of Damage Tolerance of Ti3SiC2 by Hardness Indentations and Single Edge Notched Beam Test,” Materials Science and Technology, 18(2), pp 231–233.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar