Rotary Shaft Seals: Correlation of Wear Formation at the Sealing Edge and Shaft under Various Operating Conditions

References

• Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V. (1996), “Radial-Wellendichtringe [Rotary shaft seals],” No. 3760.
   Google Scholar
• Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V. (1984), “Radial-Wellendichtringe für Kraftfahrzeuge - Begriffe; Maßbuchstaben; Zulässige Abweichungen; Radialkraft [Rotary shaft seals for motor vehicles - Terms; Dimensional letters; Permissible variations; Radial load],” No. 3761–1.
   Google Scholar
• Bauer, F. (2021), Federvorgespannte-Elastomer-Radial-Wellendichtungen [Spring preloaded elastomer rotary shaft seals], Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien.
   Google Scholar
• Kammüller, M. (1986), Zum Abdichtverhalten von Radial-Wellendichtringen [On the sealing behavior of rotary shaft seals], Dissertation. University of Stuttgart.
   Google Scholar
• Bauer, F. (2021), Tribologie [Tribology], Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden.
   Google Scholar
• Forschungsvereinigung Antriebstechnik e.V. (2007), Referenzölkatalog - Datensammlung [Reference oil catalog - data collection], vol. Heft 660, FVA: Frankfurt am Main.
   Google Scholar
• Eipper, A. (2018), Einfluss Transienter Betriebsbedingungen auf den RWDR im System Radial-Wellendichtung [Influence of transient operating conditions on the rotary shaft seal in the rotary shaft seal sealing system], Dissertation. University of Stuttgart.
   Google Scholar
• Eipper, A., Bauer, F., and Haas, W. (2016), “Einfluss von Drehzahlwechseln in Lastkollektiven auf das System Radial-Wellendichtung [Influence of velocity changes in load collectives on the rotary shaft seal sealing system],” Proceedings of the 19th International Sealing Conference (ISC), pp 174–186. Frankfurt am Main: Fachverband Fluidtechnik im VDMA e.V.
   Google Scholar
• Mercedes-Benz. (2008), “Geometrische Produktspezifikationen (GPS) - Oberflächenbeschaffenheit Mess- und Auswerteverfahren zur Bewertung von Drallreduzierten Dynamischen Dichtflächen [Geometric product specifications (GPS) - surface finish measurement and evaluation methods for the evaluation of lead-reduced dynamic sealing surfaces],” No. MBN 31007–7.
   Google Scholar
• Baumann, M. (2017), Abdichtung drallbehafteter Dichtungsgegenlaufflächen - Messung, Analyse, Bewertung und Grenzen [Sealing of lead-affected sealing counterfaces - measurement, analysis, evaluation and limits], Dissertation. University of Stuttgart.
   Google Scholar
• Bauer, F. (2013), “Visual Failure Analysis of Dynamic Sealing System,” Proceedings of the 4th International Conference Integrity–Reliability–Failure, Funchal/Portugal, J. F. Silva Gomes, Shaker A. Meguid (Eds.)
   Google Scholar
• Merkle, L., Baumann, M., and Bauer, F. (2021), “Improving a Gear Box Sealing System—Individual Test Design Based on Given Application Parameters and Failure Analysis,” ISGATEC Jahrb. Dichten. Kleb. Polym. 2022, pp. 84–97. https://www.isgatec.com/artikel/improving-a-gear-box-sealing-system/30204
   Google Scholar
• Baumann, M. and Bauer, F. (2018), “Moderne Visuelle Untersuchungsmethoden für die Verschleißanalyse am Beispiel Radial-Wellendichtring [Modern visual analysis methods for wear analysis using the example of a rotary shaft seal],” Proceedings of the 20th International Sealing Conference (ISC), pp 93–104. Frankfurt am Main: Fachverband Fluidtechnik im VDMA e.V.
   Google Scholar
• Grün, J., Feldmeth, S., and Bauer, F. (2021), “Wear on Radial Lip Seals: A Numerical Study of the Influence on the Sealing Mechanism,” Wear, 476, pp 203674. doi:10.1016/j.wear.2021.203674
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freudenberg Sealing Technologies. (2020), “Dynamic Oil Compatibility Tests for Freudenberg Radial Shaft Seals to Release the Usage in FLENDER-Gear Units Applications (Table T 7300),” Weinheim: Freudenberg Sealing Technologies.
   Google Scholar
• Guo, F., Jia, X., Longke, W., Salant, R. F., and Wang, Y. (2014), “The Effect of Wear on the Performance of a Rotary Lip Seal,” Journal of Tribology, 136(4), pp 1–8. doi:10.1115/1.4027623
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merkle, L., Baumann, M., and Bauer, F. (2021), “Influence of Alternating Temperature Levels on the Wear Behavior of Radial Lip Seals: Test Rig Design and Wear Analysis,” Applied Engineering Letters: Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 6(3), pp 111–123. doi:10.18485/aeletters.2021.6.3.4
   Google Scholar
• Feldmeth, S., Bauer, F., and Haas, W. (2016), “Abschätzung der Kontakttemperatur bei Radial-Wellendichtungen mit der selbstentwickelten Open-Source-Software InsECT [Estimation of the contact temperature for rotary shaft seals with the self-developed open-source software InsECT],” Tagungsband Schweizer Maschinenelemente Kolloquium SMK, KISSsoft AG (Ed.), pp 233–248. Dresden: Universitätsverlag & Buchhandel Eckhard Richter & Co. OHG.
   Google Scholar
• Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V. (2010), “Geometrische Produktspezifikation (GPS) - Oberflächenbeschaffenheit: Tastschnittverfahren; Bennenung, Definition und Kenngrößen der Oberflächenbeschaffenheit [Geometrical product specification (GPS) - Surface finish: Probe section method; naming, definition and characteristics of surface finish],” No. 4287.
   Google Scholar
• Baumann, M., Bauer, F., and Haas, W. (2015), “Ra, Rz und Rmax von Dichtungsgegenlaufflächen – der Weisheit letzter Schluss? [Ra, Rz and Rmax of sealing counterfaces - the last word in wisdom?],” Jahrbuch Dichtungstechnik 2016, Berger, F. and Kiefer, S. (Eds.), pp 295–309, Mannheim: ISGATEC GmbH.
   Google Scholar
• Feldmeth, S., Stoll, M., and Bauer, F. (2020), “How to Measure the Radial Load of Radial Lip Seals,” Tribologie und Schmierungstechnik, 3–4, pp 5–12. doi:10.24053/TuS-2021-0014
   Google Scholar
• Fricker, P., Baumann, M., and Bauer, F. (2021), “How Different Lubricants Affect the Wear of Steel Counterfaces in Radial Lip Sealing Systems,” Wear, 477, p 203897. doi:10.1016/j.wear.2021.203897
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiehler, K. (2002), Tribologie und Fluidverhalten in der Dichtzone von Radialwellendichtringen unter Berücksichtigung makromolekularer Bestandteile der Schmierfluide [Tribology and fluid behavior in the sealing area of rotary shaft seals considering macromolecular components of the lubricating fluids], Technische Universität Hamburg.
   Google Scholar
• Salant, R. F. and Flaherty, A. L. (1995), “Elastohydrodynamic Analysis of Reverse Pumping in Rotary Lip Seals With Microasperities,” Journal of Tribology, 117(1), pp 53–59. doi:10.1115/1.2830606
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schuler, P. (2014), Einfluss von Grenzflächeneffekten auf den Dichtmechanismus der Radial-Wellendichtung [Influence of surface boundary effects on the sealing mechanism of the rotary shaft seal], Dissertation. University of Stuttgart.
   Google Scholar
• Forschungsvereinigung Antriebstechnik e.V. (1985), FVA-Heft 180 Referenzöle - Datensammlung für Mineralöle [FVA booklet 180 Reference oils - Data collection for mineral oils]. Düsseldorf: VDI-Verlag GmbH.
   Google Scholar
• Eipper, A., Bauer, F., and Haas, W. (2014), “Damaging Process of Radial Lip Seals Considering Variable Temperature and Runtime,” Proceedings of the 13th EDF/Pprime Workshop, Poitiers/Futuroscope, pp. 12/154–20/154.
   Google Scholar
• Frölich, D., Magyar, B., and Sauer, B. (2014), “A Comprehensive Model of Wear, Friction and Contact Temperature in Radial Shaft Seals,” Wear, 311(1–2), pp 71–80.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar