1,156
Views
27
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

A review of the biological and chemical effects of hypolimnetic oxygenation

, , , &

References

  • OWRB (Oklahoma Water Resources Board). 2015. Lake Thunderbird water quality 2014. OWRB, Oklahoma City, OK.
  • Aku PMK, Rudstam LG, Tonn WM. 1997. Impact of hypolimnetic oxygenation on the vertical distribution of cisco (Coregonus artedi) in Amisk Lake, Alberta. Can J Fish Aquat Sci. 54:2182–2195.
  • Aku PMK, Tonn WM. 1999. Effects of hypolimnetic oxygenation on the food resources and feeding ecology of cisco in Amisk Lake, Alberta. T Am Fish Soc. 128(1):17–30. doi:10.1577/1548-8659(1999)128<0017:EOHOOT>2.0.CO;2.
  • American Water Works Association (AWWA). 1987. Research needs for the treatment of iron and manganese. Report of the AWWA Trace Inorganic Substances Committee. J AWWA. 79:119–122.
  • Ashley KI. 1985. Hypolimnetic aeration: practical design and application. Water Res. 19(6):735–740. doi:10.1016/0043-1354(85)90120-4.
  • Ashley KL. 1983. Hypolimnetic aeration of a naturally eutrophic lakes: physical and chemical effects. Can J Fish Aquat Sci. 40(9):1343–1359. doi:10.1139/f83-157.
  • Ashley KI, Hay S, Scholten GH. 1987. Hypolimnetic aeration: a field test of the empirical sizing method. Water Res. 21(2):223–227. doi:10.1016/0043-1354(87)90053-4.
  • Benoit JM, Gilmour CC, Heyes A, Mason RP, Miller CL. 2003. Geochemical and biological controls over methylmercury production and degradation in aquatic ecosystems. Pp. 262–297. In: Cai, Y, Braids, OC (eds). Biogeochemistry of environmentally important trace elements. Washington, D.C.: American Chemical Society.
  • Bernhardt H. 1967. Aeration of Wahnback Reservoir without changing the temperature profile. Amer. Water Works Assoc. 9:624–647.
  • Beutel MW. 2001. Oxygen consumption and ammonia accumulation in the hypolimnion of Walker Lake, Nevada. Hydrobiologia. 466(1/3):107–117.
  • Beutel MW. 2006. Inhibition of ammonia release from anoxic profundal sediments in lakes using hypolimnetic oxygenation. Ecol Eng. 28(3):271–279. doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2006.05.009.
  • Beutel MW, Horne AJ, Taylor WD, Losee RF, Whitney RD. 2008. Effects of oxygen and nitrate on nutrient release from profundal sediments of a large, oligo-mesotrophic reservoir, Lake Matthews, California. Lake Reserv Manage. 24(1):18–29. doi:10.1080/07438140809354047.
  • Beutel MW, Horne AJ. 1999. A review of the effects of hypolimnetic oxygenation on lake and reservoir water quality. Lake Reserv Manage. 15(4):285–297. doi:10.1080/07438149909354124.
  • Beutel M, Dent S, Reed B, Marshall P, Gebremariam S, Moore B, Cross B, Gantzer P, Shallenberger E. 2014. Effects of hypolimnetic oxygen addition on mercury bioaccumulation in Twin Lakes, Washington, USA. Sci Total Environ. 496:688–700. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.117.
  • Bierlein KA, Rezvani M, Socolofsky SA, Bryant LD, Wüest A, Little JC. 2017. Increased sediment oxygen flux in lakes and reservoirs: the impacts of hypolimnetic oxygenation. Water Resour Res. 53(6):4876–4890. doi:10.1002/2016WR019850.
  • Blanton JO. 1973. Vertical entrainment into the epilimnia of stratified lakes. Limnol Oceanogr. 18(5):697–704. doi:10.4319/lo.1973.18.5.0697.
  • Blomqvist P, Pettersson A, Hyenstrand P. 1994. Ammonium-nitrogen: a key regulatory factor causing dominance of non-nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria in aquatic systems. Arch. Hydrobiol. 132:141–164.
  • Bockwoldt KA, Nodine ER, Mihuc TB, Shambaugh AD, Stockwell JD. 2017. Reduced phytoplankton and zooplankton diversity associated with increased cyanobacteria in Lake Champlain, USA. J Contemporary Water Res. 160(1):100–118. doi:10.1111/j.1936-704X.2017.03243.x.
  • Bormans M, Maršálek B, Jančula D. 2016. Controlling internal phosphorus loading in lakes by physical methods to reduce cyanobacterial blooms: a review. Aquat Ecol. 50(3):407–422. doi:10.1007/s10452-015-9564-x.
  • Bryant LD, Hsu-Kim H, Gantzer PA, Little JC. 2011. Solving the problem at the source: controlling Mn release at the sediment-water interface via hypolimnetic oxygenation. Water Res. 45(19):6381–6392. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2011.09.030.
  • Bryant LD, Little JC, Burgmann H. 2012. Response of sediment microbial community structure in a freshwater reservoir to manipulations in oxygen availability. FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 80(1):248–263. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6941.2011.01290.x.
  • Bürgi H, Stadelmann P. 2002. Change of phytoplankton composition and biodiversity in Lake Sempach before and during restoration. Hydrobiologia. 469(1/3):33–48.
  • Chadwick S, Babiarz C, Hurley J, Armstrong D. 2006. Influences of iron, manganese, and dissolved organic carbon on the hypolimnetic cycling of amended mercury. Sci Total Environ. 368(1):177–188. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.09.039.
  • Chen S, Lei C, Carey CC, Gantzer PA, Little JC. 2016. A coupled three-dimensional hydrodynamic model for predicting hypolimnetic oxygenation and epilimnetic mixing in a shallow eutrophic reservoir. Water Resources Res. 53(1):470–484. doi:10.1002/2016WR019279.
  • Christophoridis C and Fytianos K. 2006. Conditions affecting the release of phosphorus from surface lake sediments. J. Environ. Qual. 35:1181–1192.
  • Coutant CC. 1985. Striped bass, temperature, and dissolved oxygen: a speculative hypothesis for environmental risk. T Am Fish Soc. 114(1):31–61. doi:10.1577/1548-8659(1985)114<31:SBTADO>2.0.CO;2.
  • Cross BK, Moore BC, Skinner MM. 2017. Hypolimnetic oxygenation effects on trout condition and growth in North Twin Lake, Washington. Lake Reserv Manage. 33(1):74–83. doi:10.1080/10402381.2016.1276654.
  • Davis JA, Melwani AR, Bezalel SN, Hunt JA, Ichikawa G, Bonnema A, Heim WA, Crane D, Swenson S, Lamerdin C, Stephenson M. 2010. Contaminants in fish from California lakes and reservoirs, 2007–2008: summary report on a two-year screening survey. A report of the surface water ambient monitoring program, Calif. State Water Resour. Control Board, Sacramento, 127.
  • Debroux JF, Beutel MW, Thompson CM, Mulligan S. 2012. Design and testing of a novel hypolimnetic oxygenation system to improve water quality in Lake Bard, California. Lake Reserv Manage. 28(3):245–254. doi:10.1080/07438141.2012.716501.
  • Dent S, Beutel M, Gantzer P, Moore B. 2014. Response of iron, manganese and mercury in an anoxic water column to short-term hypolimnetic oxygenation. Lake Reserv Manage. 30(2):119–130. doi:10.1080/10402381.2014.898350.
  • Dinsmore WP, Prepas EE. 1997. Impact of hypolimnetic oxygenation on profundal macroinvertebrates in a eutrophic lake in central Alberta. I. Changes in macroinvertebrate abundance and diversity. Can J Fish Aquat Sci. 54(9):2157–2169. doi:10.1139/cjfas-54-9-2157.
  • Dodds WK, Bouska WW, Eitzmann JL, Pilger TJ, Pitts KL, Riley AJ, Schloesser JT, Thornbrugh DJ. 2009. Eutrophication of U.S. freshwaters: analysis of potential economic damages. Environ Sci Technol. 43(1):12–19. doi:10.1021/es801217q.
  • Dodds, W. and Whiles, M. (2010) Freshwater Ecology: Concepts and Environmental Applications of Limnology. 2nd Edition, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 330–333.
  • Doke JL, Funk WH, Juul STJ, Moore BC. 1995. Habitat availability and benthic invertebrate population changes following alum treatment and hypolimnetic oxygenation in Newman Lake, WA. J. Fresh. Biol. 10:87–102. doi:10.1080/02705060.1995.9663423.
  • Eckley C, Hintelmann H. 2006. Determination of mercury methylation potentials in the water column of lakes across Canada. Sci Total Environ. 368(1):111–125. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.09.042.
  • Einsele W. 1938. Uber chemische und kolloidchemische Vorgange in Eisen-phosphat-systemen unter hmnochemischen und limnogeologischen Gesichtspunkten. Arch. Hydrobiol. Plarnkt. 33:361–387.
  • Enz C, Müller R, Mbwenemo Bia M, Heeb J. 2002. A population dynamics model for evaluating mortality factors in Lake Hallwil whitefish (Coregonus suidteri) larvae. Archiv Für Hydrobiologie. Special Issues, Advances in Limnology. 57:343–358.
  • Fast AW, Lorenzen MW. 1976. Synoptic survey of hypolimnetic aeration. J Environ Eng Div. 102:1161–1173.
  • Fast AW, Moss B, Wetzel RG. 1973. Effects of artificial aeration on the chemistry and algae of two Michigan lakes. Water Resour Res. 9(3):624–647. doi:10.1029/WR009i003p00624.
  • Fast AW, Overholtz WJ, Tubb RA. 1977. Hyperoxygen concentrations in the hypolimnion produced by injection of liquid oxygen. Water Resour Res. 13(2):474–476. doi:10.1029/WR013i002p00474.
  • Fast AW, Overholtz WJ, Tubb RA. 1975. Hypolimnetic oxygenation using liquid oxygen. Water Resour Res. 11(2):294–299. doi:10.1029/WR011i002p00294.
  • Fleming EJ, Mack EE, Green PG, Nelson DC. 2006. Mercury methylation from unexpected sources: molybdate-inhibited freshwater sediments and an iron-reducing bacterium. Appl Environ Microbiol. 72(1):457–464. doi:10.1128/AEM.72.1.457-464.2006.
  • Gächter R. 1987. Lake restoration. Why oxygenation and artificial mixing cannot substitute for a decrease in external P loading. Schweiz Z Hydrol. 49(2):170–185. doi:10.1007/BF02538501.
  • Gächter R, Müller B. 2003. Why the phosphorus retention of lakes does not necessarily depend on the oxygen supply to their sediment surface. Limnol Oceanogr 48(2):929–933.
  • Gächter R, Wehrli B. 1998. Ten years of artificial mixing and oxygenation: no effect on the internal P loading of two eutrophic lakes. Environ Sci Technol. 32(23):3659–3665. doi:10.1021/es980418l.
  • Gafsi M, Kettab A, Benmamar S, Benziada S. 2009. Comparative studies of the different mechanical oxygenation systems used in the restoration of lakes and reservoirs. J Food, Ag, Env. 7(2):815–822.
  • Gantzer PA, Bryant LD, Little JC. 2009. Controlling soluble Fe and Mn in a water-supply reservoir using hypolimnetic oxygenation. Water Res. 43(5):1285–1294. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2008.12.019.
  • Gemza AF. 1997. Water quality improvements during hypolimnetic oxygenation in two Ontario lakes. Water Qual Res J Can. 32:365–390.
  • Gerling AB, Browne RG, Gantzer PA, Mobley MH, Little JC, Carey CC. 2014. First report of the successful operation of a side stream supersaturation hypolimnetic oxygenation system in a eutrophic, shallow reservoir. Wat Res. 67:129–143. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2014.09.002.
  • Greenop B, Lovatt K, Robb M. 2001. The use of artificial oxygenation to reduce nutrient availability in the Canning River, Western Australia. Water Sci Technol. 43(9):133–144.
  • Grochowska J, Gawrońska H. 2004. Restoration effectiveness of a degraded lake using multi-year artificial aeration. Pol J Environ Stud. 13(6):671–681.
  • Harris TD, Wilheim F, Graham J, Loftin KA. 2014. Experimental manipulation of TN:TP ratios suppress cyanobacterial biovolume and microcystin concentration in large-scale in situ mesocosms. Lrm. 30(1):72–83. doi:10.1080/10402381.2013.876131.
  • Herrin R, Lathrop R, Gorski P, Andren A. 1998. Hypolimnetic methylmercury and its uptake by plankton during fall destratification: a key entry point of mercury into lake food chains? Limnol Oceanogr. 43(7):1476–1486. doi:10.4319/lo.1998.43.7.1476.
  • Hewitt LF. 1931. Oxidation-reduction potentials in bacteriology and biochemistry. L.C.C. Bull. No. 2819. London.
  • Höhener P, Gächter R. 1994. Nitrogen cycling across the sediment-water interface in an euthrophic, artificially oxygenated lake. Aquatic Science. 56(2):115–132. doi:10.1007/BF00877203.
  • Horne AJ, Goldman CR. 1994. Limnology. 2nd ed. San Francisco (CA): McGraw-Hill.
  • Huisman J, Van Oostveen P, Weissing FJ. 1999. Species dynamics in phytoplankton blooms: incomplete mixing and competition for light. Am Nat. 154(1):46–68. doi:10.1086/303220.
  • Hupner M, Lewandowski J. 2008. Review paper: oxygen controls the phosphorus release from lake sediments - a long-lasting paradigm in limnology. Internat Rev Hydrobiol. 93(4–5):415–432. doi:10.1002/iroh.200711054.
  • Hutchinson GE, Deevey ES Jr, Wollack A. 1939. The oxidation-reduction potentials of lake waters and their ecological significance. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., Wash. 25(2):87–90. doi:10.1073/pnas.25.2.87.
  • Karjalainen M, Engström-Ost J, Korpinen S, Peltonen H, Pääkkönen J-P, Rönkkönen S, Suikkanen S, Viitasalo M. 2007. Ecosystem consequences of cyanobacteria in the northern Baltic Sea. Ambio. 36(2–3):195–202.
  • Klumb RA, Bunch KL, Mills EL, Rudstam LG, Brown G, Knauf C, Burton R, Arrhenius F. 2004. Establishment of a metalimnetic oxygen refuge for zooplankton in a productive Lake Ontario embayment. Eco App 14(1):113–131.
  • Kusnetzow SI, Kusnetzowa ZI. 1935. Bacteriological and chemical investigations on lake muds in connection with a bottom emission of gases. [Russian with English summary.]
  • Lampert W. 1987. Vertical migration of freshwater zooplankton: indirect effects of vertebrate predators on algal communities. Pp. 291–299. In: Kerfoot C, Sih A (eds). Predation: direct and indirect impacts on aquatic communities. Hanover, NH: University Press of New England.
  • Layzer JB, Scott EM. 2006. Restoration and colonization of freshwater mussels and fish in a southeastern United States tailwater. River Res Applic. 22(4):475–491. doi:10.1002/rra.919.
  • Lean DRS, McQueen DJ, Story VR. 1986. Phosphate transport during hypolimnetic aeration. Arch. Hydrobiol. 108:269–280.
  • Liboriussen L, Søndergaard M, Jeppesen E, Thorsgaard I, Grünfeld S, Jakobsen TS, Hansen K. 2009. Effects of hypolimnetic oxygenation on water quality: results from five Danish lakes. Hydrobiologia. 625(1):157–172. doi:10.1007/s10750-009-9705-0.
  • MacIntyre S, Jellison R. 2001. Nutrient fluxes from upwelling and enhanced turbulence at the top of the pycnocline in Mono Lake, California. Hydrobiologia. 466(1/3):13–29.
  • MacIntyre S, Sickman JO, Goldthwait SA, Kling GW. 2006. Physical pathways of nutrient supply in a small, ultraoligotrophic arctic lake during summer stratification. Limnol Oceanogr. 51(2):1107–1124. doi:10.4319/lo.2006.51.2.1107.
  • McCord SA, Beutel MW, Dent SR, Schladow SG. 2016. Evaluation of mercury cycling and hypolimnetic oxygenation in mercury-impacted seasonally stratified reservoirs in the Guadalupe River watershed, California. Water Resour Res. 52(10):7726–7743. doi:10.1002/2016WR019061.
  • McGinnis DF, Little JC. 1998. Bubble dynamics and oxygen transfer in a speece cone. Wat Sci Tech 37(2):285–292.
  • McQueen DJ, Lean DRS. 1986. Hypolimnetic aeration: an overview. Water Pollution Res. J. Can. 21(2):205–217.
  • Mercier P, Perret J. 1949. Aeration station of Lake Bret. Schweiz. Ver. Gas. Wasserfach. Monatbull. 29:25–30.
  • Moore BC, Christensen D. 2009. Newman Lake restoration: a case study. Part I. Chemical and biological responses to P control. Lake Reserv Manage. 25(4):337–350. doi:10.1080/07438140903172907.
  • Moore BC, Cross BK, Beutel M, Dent S, Preece E, Swanson M. 2012. Newman Lake restoration: a case study. Part III. Hypolimnetic oxygenation. Lake Reserv Manage. 28(4):311–327. doi:10.1080/07438141.2012.738463.
  • Moore BC, Cross BK, Clegg EM, Lanouette BP, Skinner M, Preece EP, Child A, Gantzer P, Shallenberger E, Christensen D, Nine B. 2014. Hypolimnetic oxygenation in Twin Lakes, WA. Part I: distribution and movement of trout. Lake Reserv Manage. 30(3):226–239. doi:10.1080/10402381.2014.908437.
  • Moore BC, Chen PH, Funk WH, Yonge D. 1996. A model for predicting lake sediment oxygen demand following hypolimnetic aeration. J Am Water Resources Assoc. 32(4):723–731. doi:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1996.tb03469.x.
  • Moore BC, Mobley M, Little J, Kortmann B, Gantzer P. 2015. Aeration and oxygenation in lakes and reservoirs. Lakeline. 35(1):17–29.
  • Moore BC. 2003. Downflow bubble contact aeration technology (Speece Cone) for sediment oxygenation. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Remediation of Contaminated Sediments (eds. M. Pellei and A. Porta).
  • Mortimer CH. 1941. The exchange of dissolved substances between mud and water in lakes. J Ecol. 29(2):280–329. doi:10.2307/2256395.
  • Mortimer CH. 1942. The exchange of dissolved substances between mud and water in lakes. Part III. The relation of seasonal variables in redox conditions in the mud to the distribution of dissolved substances in Esthwaite Water and Windermere, North Basin. Part IV. General discussion. J. Ecology. 30:147–201. doi:10.2307/2256691.
  • Müller R, Stadelmann P. 2004. Fish habitat requirements as the basis for rehabilitation of eutrophic lakes by oxygenation. Fisheries Manage. 11:251–260. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2400.2004.00393.x.
  • Munger ZW, Carey CC, Gerling AB, Hamre KD, Doubek JP, Klepatzki SD, McClure RP, Schreiber ME. 2016. Effectiveness of hypolimnetic oxygenation for preventing accumulation of Fe and Mn in a drinking water reservoir. Wat Res. 106:1–14. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2016.09.038.
  • Nealson KH, Tebo BM, Rosson RA. 1988. Occurrence and mechanisms of microbial oxidation of Mn. Adv Appl Microbiol. 33:279–319.
  • Nelson NG, Muñoz-Carpena R, Phlips EJ, Kaplan D, Sucsy P, Hendrickson J. 2018. Revealing biotic and abiotic controls of harmful algal blooms in a shallow subtropical lake through statistical machine learning. Environ Sci Technol. 52(6):3527–3535. doi:10.1021/acs.est.7b05884.
  • Noll MR. 2011. P cycling in a managed lake ecosystem: seasonal and longer-term trends. Appl Geochem. 26:S234–S237. doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.03.112.
  • Nürnberg GK. 1998. Prediction of annual and seasonal phosphorus concentrations in stratified and polymictic lakes. Limnol Oceanogr. 43(7):1544–1552. doi:10.4319/lo.1998.43.7.1544.
  • Nürnberg GK. 1984. The prediction of internal phosphorus load in lakes with anoxic hypolimnia. Limnol Oceanogr. 29(1):111–124. doi:10.4319/lo.1984.29.1.0111.
  • Nürnberg GK. 1995a. Quantifying anoxia in lakes. Limnol Oceanogr. 40(6):1100–1111. doi:10.4319/lo.1995.40.6.1100.
  • Nürnberg GK. 1995b. The anoxic factor, a quantitative measure of anoxia and fish species richness in central Ontario Lakes. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 124:677–686.
  • Nürnberg GK. 2004. Quantified hypoxia and anoxia in lakes and reservoirs. Scientific World J. 4:42–54. doi:10.1100/tsw.2004.5.
  • Nürnberg GK. 2009. Assessing internal phosphorus load-problems to be solved. Lake Reserv. Manage. 25(4):419–432.
  • OWRB (Oklahoma Water Resources Board). 2016. Lake thunderbird water quality 2015. OWRB, Oklahoma City, OK.
  • Paerl HW. 2014. Mitigating harmful cyanobacterial blooms in a human- and climatically-impacted world. Life (Basel). 4(4):988–1012. doi:10.3390/life4040988.
  • Pearl HW, Hall NS, Calandrino ES. 2011. Controlling harmful cyanobacterial blooms in a world experiencing anthropogenic and climatic induced change. Sci Tot Environ. 409:1739–1745. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.02.001.
  • Premazzi G, Cardoso AC, Rodari E, Austoni M, Chiaudani G. 2005. Hypolimnetic withdrawal coupled with oxygenation as lake restoration measures: the successful case of Lake Varese (Italy). Limnetica. 24(1–2):123–132.
  • Prepas EE, Burke JM. 1997. Effects of hypolimnetic oxygenation on water quality in Amisk Lake, Alberta, a deep, eutrophic lake with high internal P loading rates. Can J Fish Aquat Sci. 54(9):2111–2120. doi:10.1139/f97-125.
  • Prepas FF, Murphy TP, Dinsmore WP, Burke JM, Chamber PA, Reedyk S. 1997. Lake management based on lime application and hypolimnetic oxygenation: the experience in eutrophic hardwater lakes in Alberta. Water Qual Res J Can. 32:273–293.
  • Ratcliffe H, Swanson G, Fischer L. 1996. Human exposure to mercury: a critical assessment of the evidence of adverse health effects. J Toxicol Environ Health. 49(3):221–270. doi:10.1080/00984108.1996.11667600.
  • Rysgaard S, Risgaard-Petersen N, Niels Peter S, Kim J, Lars Peter N. 1994. Oxygen regulation of nitrification and denitrification in sediments. Limnol Oceanogr. 39(7):1643–1652. doi:10.4319/lo.1994.39.7.1643.
  • Schuaser I, Chorus I. 2007. Assessment of internal and external lake restoration measures for two Berlin lakes. Lake Reserv Manage. 23:366–376. doi:10.1080/07438140709354024.
  • Scott EM. 1999. Tailwater Fish Index (TFI) development for Tennessee River tributary tailwaters. Pp. 507–522. In: Simon T (ed.). Assessing the sustainability and biological integrity of water resources using fish communities, New York, (NY): RC Press.
  • Singleton VL, Gantzer P, Little JC. 2007. Linear bubble plume model for hypolimnetic oxygenation: full-scale validation and sensitivity analysis. Water Resour Res. 43:W02405. doi:10.1029/2005WR004836.
  • Singleton VL, Little JC. 2006. Designing hypolimnetic aeration and oxygenation systems: a review. Environ Sci Technol. 40(24):7512–7520.
  • Skinner MM, Cross BK, Moore BC. 2017. Using stable isotope analysis to assess the effects of hypolimnetic oxygenation on diet in a mixed cold- and warmwater fish community. Environ Biol Fish. 100(8):1007–1017. doi:10.1007/s10641-017-0625-y.
  • Skinner MM, Moore BC, Swanson ME. 2014. Hypolimnetic oxygenation in Twin Lakes, WA. Part II: feeding ecology of a mixed cold- and warmwater fish community. Lake Reserv Manage. 30(3):240–249. doi:10.1080/10402381.2014.908438.
  • Slotton D, Reuter J, Goldman C. 1995. Mercury uptake patterns of biota in a seasonally anoxic northern California reservoir. Water Air Soil Pollut. 80(1–4):841–850. doi:10.1007/BF01189735.
  • Søndergaard M, Jeppesen E, Peder Jensen J, Lauridsen T. 2000. Lake restoration in Denmark. Lakes Reserv Res Manage. 5(3):151–159. doi:10.1046/j.1440-1770.2000.00110.x.
  • Stauffer RE. 1986. Cycling of manganese and iron in Lake Mendota, Wisconsin. Environ Sci Technol. 20(5):449–457. doi:10.1021/es00147a002.
  • Stirling DG, McQueen DJ, Johannes MRS. 1990. Vertical migration in Daphnia galeta mendotae (Brooks): demographic responses to changes in planktivore abundance. Can J Fish Aquat Sci. 47(2):395–400. doi:10.1139/f90-041.
  • Swales S. 2006. A review of factors affecting the distribution and abundance of rainbow trout (Oncorhychus mykiss Walbaum) in lake and reservoir systems. Lake Reserv Manage. 22(2):167–178. doi:10.1080/07438140609353894.
  • Taggart CT. 1984. Hypolimnetic aeration and zooplankton distribution: a possible limitation to the restoration of cold-water fish populations. Can J Fish Aquat Sci. 41(1):191–198. doi:10.1139/f84-020.
  • Thomas JA, Funk WH, Moore BC, Budd WW. 1994. Short term changes in Newman Lake following hypolimnetic aeration with the speece cone. Lake Reserv Manage. 9(1):111–113. doi:10.1080/07438149409354738.
  • Tian W, Zhang H, Zhao L, Zhang F, Huang H. 2017. Phytoplankton diversity effects on community biomass and stability along nutrient gradients in a eutrophic lake. IJERPH. 14(1):95. doi:10.3390/ijerph14010095.
  • Toffolon M, Ragazzi M, Righetti M, Teodoru CR, Tubino M, Defrancesco C, Pozzi S. 2013. Effects of artificial hypolimnetic oxygenation in a shallow lake. Part 1: phenomenological description and management. J Env Manage. 114:520–529. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.10.062.
  • USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency). 2011. Biennial national listing of fish advisory. EPA-820-F-11-014. Washington, DC.
  • Wagner KJ. 2015. Oxygenation and circulation to aid water supply reservoir management. Project #4222c. Denver, CO: Water Research Foundation.
  • Wang L, Zimmer K, Diedrich P, Williams S. 1996. The two-story rainbow trout fishery and its effect on the zooplankton community in a Minnesota lake. J Freshw Ecol. 11(1):67–80. doi:10.1080/02705060.1996.9663495.
  • Wasserman GA, Liu X, Parvez F, Ahsan H, Levy D, Factor-Litvak P, Kline J, van Geen A, Slavkovich V, LoIacono NJ, et al. 2006. Water manganese exposure and children's intellectual function in Araihazar, Bangladesh. Environ Health Perspect. 114(1):124–129., doi:10.1289/ehp.8030.
  • Watras C. 2009. Mercury pollution in remote freshwater lakes. Pp. 100–109. In: Likens G (ed.). Ecnyclopedia of Inland waters. New York (NY): Elsevier.
  • Webb DJ, Robarts RD, Prepas EE. 1997. Influence of extended water column mixing during the first two years of hypolimnetic oxygenation on the phytoplankton community of Amisk Lake, Alberta. Can J Fish Aquat Sci. 54(9):2133–2145. doi:10.1139/f97-120.
  • WHO (World Health Organization). 2004. Guidelines for drinking-water quality: recommendations. 3rd ed. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
  • Wood, M., Austin, C., Louie, S. 2013. Fish Mercury Impairment in California Reservoirs: Historic Mines and Other Factors. EPA Region 9 State-of-the-Science Workshop on Mercury Mremediation in Aquatic Environments. September 2013.
  • Xie P. 2006. Biological mechanisms driving the seasonal changes in the internal loading of phosphorus in shallow lakes. Sci China Ser D. 49(S1):14–27. doi:10.1007/s11430-006-8102-z.
  • Zaccara S, Canziani A, Roella V, Crosa G. 2007. A northern Italian shallow lake as a case study for eutrophication control. Limnology. 8(2):155–160. doi:10.1007/s10201-007-0209-1.
  • Zaw M, Chiswell B. 1999. Fe and Mn dynamics in lake water. Wat Res. 33(8):1900–1910. doi:10.1016/S0043-1354(98)00360-1.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.