RECOMMENDED READINGS
- Albalawi, Almuntaser. 2023a. “Why a WMD-Free Zone in the Middle East is More Needed than Ever.” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, April 10. https://thebulletin.org/2023/04/why-a-wmd-free-zone-in-the-middle-east-is-more-needed-than-ever.
- Albalawi, Almuntaser. 2023b. “Middle East and North Africa.” In Regional Youth Perspectives on the NPT Review Process. An Early Career/Youth Consultation by BASIC’s Emerging Voices Network (EVN), edited by Kim Obergfaell, 22–27. London: BASIC. https://basicint.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/FINAL_PrepCom-Rep.pdf
- Aitken, Peter. 2023. “Bret Baier interviews Saudi Prince: Israel peace, 9/11 ties, Iran nuke fears: ‘Cannot see another Hiroshima.’” Fox News, September 20. https://www.foxnews.com/world/bret-baier-interviews-saudi-prince-israel-peace-ties-iran-nuke-fears-cannot-see-another-hiroshima
- Berger, Andrea. 2015. “Gangs of New York: The 2015 NPT Revcon.” European Leadership Network, May 27. https://www.europeanleadershipnetwork.org/commentary/gangs-of-new-york-the-2015-npt-revcon/
- Bino, Tomisha. 2017. The Pursuit of a WMD-Free Zone in the Middle East: A New Approach. London: Chatham House, Royal Institute of International Affairs. https://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/default/files/publications/research/2017-07-27-WMDFZME.pdf.
- Bino, Tomisha. 2020. “A Middle Eastern WMD-Free Zone: Are We Any Closer Now.” Arms Control Today 50 (7):11–16. https://www.armscontrol.org/act/2020-09/features/middle-eastern-wmd-free-zone-we-any-closer-now.
- Countryman, Thomas. 2020. “Learning from the 2015 NPT Review Conference.” Arms Control Today 50 (4):16–19. https://www.armscontrol.org/act/2020-05/features/learning-2015-npt-review-conference.
- ENEC (Emirates Nuclear Energy Corporation). 2008. Policy of the United Arab Emirates on the Evaluation and Potential Development of Peaceful Nuclear Energy. White Paper. Abu Dhabi: ENEC. https://www.enec.gov.ae/doc/uae-peaceful-nuclear-energy-policy-5722278a2952f.pdf.
- Gottemoeller, Rose. 2015. “Remarks at the Conclusion of the 2015 Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty Review Conference.” US Department of State, May 22. https://2009-2017.state.gov/t/us/2015/242778.htm.
- Hassid, Nir. 2017. “Thinking outside the Box: Preserving the NPT While Advancing the Middle East Weapons-of-Mass-Destruction-Free Zone.” The Nonproliferation Review 24 (1–2):155–166. doi: 10.1080/10736700.2017.1378276.
- IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency). n.d. “Research Reactor Database.” Accessed January 10, 2024. https://www.iaea.org/resources/databases/research-reactor-database-rrdb.
- IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency). 2005. “Implementation of the NPT Safeguards Agreement in the Arab Republic of Egypt.” In Report by the Director General. GOV/2005/9. Vienna: IAEA. https://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/library/report/2005/egypt_iaea_gov-2005-9_14feb2005.pdf.
- IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency). 2011. “Implementation of the NPT Safeguards Agreement and Relevant Provisions of Security Council Resolutions in the Islamic Republic of Iran.” In Report by the Director General. GOV/2011/65. Vienna: IAEA. https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/gov2011-65.pdf.
- IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency). 2015. “Final Assessment on past and Present Outstanding Issues regarding Iran’s Nuclear Programme.” In Report by the Director General. GOV/2015/68. Vienna: IAEA. https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/gov-2015-68.pdf.
- Kane, Chen Zak. 2020. Pathways Forward for the ME WMDFZ Process and 2002 NPT Review Conference. Geneva: United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR). https://unidir.org/sites/default/files/2020-04/ME WMDFZ Feb Conference Report – final_0.pdf.
- Kimball, Daryl G., and Kingston Reif. 2015. “NPT Conference Fails to Reach Consensus.” Arms Control Today 45 (5). https://www.armscontrol.org/act/2015-06/news/npt-conference-fails-reach-consensus.
- Maître, Emmanuelle. 2015. “The NPT Review Conference: Analyzing the Outcome.” Note no. 19/2015. Foundation for Strategic Research (FRS), October 7, 2025. https://www.frstrategie.org/sites/default/files/documents/publications/notes/2015/201519.pdf.
- Meier, Oliver. 2015. The 2015 NPT Review Conference Failure: Implications for the Nuclear Order. Berlin: German Institute for International and Security Affairs. https://www.swp-berlin.org/publications/products/arbeitspapiere/mro_wp_NVV_October2015.pdf.
- Müller, Harald, and Carmen Wunderlich. 2013. Norm Dynamics in Multilateral Arms Control: Interests, Conflicts, and Justice. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press.
- NPT PrepCom (Preparatory Committee for the 2020 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons) 2018. “Establishing Regional Conditions Conducive to a Middle East Free of Weapons of Mass Destruction and Delivery Systems.” Working Paper Submitted by the United States of America. NPT/CONF.2020/PC.II/WP.33. April 19, 2018. Geneva. https://undocs.org/en/NPT/CONF.2020/PC.II/WP.33.
- NPT PrepCom (Preparatory Committee for the 2020 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons). 2019. “Specific Regional Issues and Implementation of the 1995 Resolution on the Middle East.” Working Paper Submitted by the Group of Arab States. NPT/CONF.2020/PC.III/WP.20. March 26, 2019. https://undocs.org/en/NPT/CONF.2020/PC.III/WP.20.
- NPT RevCon (1995 Review and Extension Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons) 1995a. “Resolution on the Middle East.” NPT/CONF.1995/32 (Part I) Annex. https://undocs.org/en/NPT/CONF.1995/32(PartI).
- NPT RevCon (1995 Review and Extension Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons) 1995b. “Decision 2: Principles and Objectives for Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Disarmament.” NPT/CONF.1995/32 (Part I) Annex. https://undocs.org/en/NPT/CONF.1995/32(PartI).
- NPT RevCon (2020 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons) 2021. “Regional Issues: Middle East.” Working Paper Submitted by the Group of Non-Aligned States Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. NPT/CONF.2020/WP.41. December 20, 2021. https://undocs.org/en/NPT/CONF.2020/WP.41.
- NPT RevCon (2020 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons) 2022a. “Main Committee II: Summary Record of the 11th Meeting.” NPT/CONF.2020/MC.II/SR.11. October 25, 2022. https://undocs.org/en/NPT/CONF.2020/MC.II/SR.11
- NPT RevCon (2020 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons) 2022b. “Letter Dated 25 February 2022 from the President of the Second Session of the Conference on the Establishment of a Middle East Zone Free of Nuclear Weapons and Other Weapons of Mass Destruction Addressed to the President-Designate of the Tenth Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons.” NPT/CONF.2020/52. June 23, 2022. https://undocs.org/en/NPT/CONF.2020/52.
- NPT RevCon (2020 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons) 2022c. “Draft Final Document.” NPT/CONF.2020/CRP.1/Rev.2. August 25, 2022. https://app.unidir.org/sites/default/files/2023-08/2020NPTRevConDraft.pdf.
- Rauf, Tariq. 2015. “The 2015 NPT Review Conference: Setting the Record Straight.” Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), June 24, 2015. https://www.sipri.org/node/384.
- Rublee, Maria Rost. 2009. Nonproliferation Norms: Why States Choose Nuclear Restraint. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press.
- Sabet, Farzan. 2023. Narratives of the Middle East WMD-Free Zone: Drivers, Themes, and Historical Accounts. Geneva: United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR). doi: 10.37559/MEWMDFZ/2023/narratives.
- Salama, Vivian. 2018. “Saudi Crown Prince: If Iran Makes a Nuclear Bomb, So Will We.” NBC News, March 19. https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/saudi-crown-prince-if-iran-makes-nuclear-bomb-so-will-n857921.
- UNGA (United Nations General Assembly) 2018. “Convening a Conference on the Establishment of a Middle East Zone Free of Nuclear Weapons and Other Weapons of Mass Destruction.” Decision A/73/546. December 28. https://front.un-arm.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Decision-A_73_546.pdf.