DEFINING THE BIOACCUMULATION OF PAC IN MUSSELS: CONSIDERING TIME, DISTANCE AND EFFECTS

REFERENCES

• Hellou , J. , Steller , S. , Zitko , V. , Leonard , J. , King , T. , Milligan , T. and Yeats , P. 2002 . Distribution of PACs in Surficial Sediments and Bioavailability to Mussels, Mytilus edulis, of Halifax Harbour . Mar. Environ. Res. , 53 : 327 – 356 . [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meador , J. P. , Stein , J. E. , Reichert , W. L. and Varanasi , U. 1996 . Bioaccumulation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Marine Organims . Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , 143 : 79 – 165 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delistraty , D. 1997 . Toxic Equivalency Factor Approach for Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons . Toxicol. Environ. Chem , 64 : 81 – 108 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) . 1999 . Canadian Environmental Quality Guidelines 2 volumes , Winnipeg , , Canada
   Google Scholar
• Nicholls , H. B. 1989 . Investigations of Marine Environmental Quality in Halifax Harbour . Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. , 1693 : 83 [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Buckley , D. E. and Winters , G. V. 1992 . Geochemical Characteristics of Contaminated Surficial Sediments in Halifax Harbour: Impact of Waste Discharge . Can. J. Earth Sc. , 29 : 2617 – 2639 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petrie , B. and Yeats , P. 1990 . Simple Models of the Circulation, Dissolved Metals, Suspended Solids and Nutrients in Halifax Harbour . Wat. Pollut. Res. J. Can. , 25 : 325 – 349 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Hellou , J. and Law , R. J. 2003 . Stress Response of Wild Mussels, Mytilus edulis and Mytilus trossulus as an Indicator of Ecosystem Health . Env. Poll. , 126 : 407 – 416 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hellou , J. , Yeats , P. , Steller , S. and Gagne , F. 2003 . Chemical Contaminants and Biological Indicators of Mussel Health During Gametogenesis . Environ. Toxicol. Chem. , 22 : 2080 – 2087 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freeman , K. R. , Perry , K. L. , DiBacco , T. G. and Scarratt , D. J. 1994 . Observations on Two Mytilid Species from a Nova Scotian Mussel Farm . Can. Tech. Report Fish. Aquat. Sci. , 1969 : 47 [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Li , W. K. W. and Dickie , P. M. 2001 . Monitoring Phytoplankton, Bacterioplankton and Virioplankton in a Coastal Inlet (Bedford Basin) by Flow Cytometry . Cytometry , 44 : 236 – 246 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Steinhauer , M. S. and Boehm , P. D. 1992 . The Composition and Distribution of Saturated and Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Nearshore Sediments, River Sediments and Coastal Peat of Alaskan Beaufort Sea. Implications for Detecting Anthropogenic Hydrocarbons Impact . Mar. Environ. Res. , 33 : 223 – 253 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas , R. E. , Harris , P. M. and Rice , S. D. 1999 . Survival in Air of Mytilus trossulus Following Long-Term Exposure to Spilled Exxon Valdez Crude Oil in Prince Williams Sound . Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , 122C : 147 – 152 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Veldhuizen-Tsoerkan , M. B. , Holwerda , D. A. and Zandee , D. I. 1991 . Anoxic Survival Time and Metabolic Parameters as Stress Indices in Sea Mussels Exposed to Cadmium or Polychlorinated Biphenyls . Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , 20 : 259 – 265 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sauer , T. C. and Uhler , A. D. 1994 . Pollutant Source Identification and Allocation: Advances in Hydrocarbon Fingerprinting . Remediation , 5 : 25 – 46 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Kaplan , I. R. , Lu , S.-T. , Alimi , H. M. and MacMurphey , J. 2001 . Fingerprinting of High Boiling Hydrocarbon Fuels, Asphalts and Lubricants . Environ. Forensics , 2 : 231 – 248 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neff , J. M. 2002 . “ Bioaccumulation in Marine Organisms ” . In Effects of Contaminants from Oil Well Produced Water , Oxford , UK : Elsevier .
   Google Scholar
• Wang , Z. , Fingas , M. , Shu , Y. Y. , Sigouin , L. , Landriault , M. and Lambert , P. 1999 . Quantitative Characterization of PAH Inburn Residue and Soot Samples and Differentiation of Pyrogenic PAH from petrogenic PAH. The 1994 Mobile Burn Study . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 33 : 3100 – 3109 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gossiaux , D. C. , Landrum , P. F. and Fisher , S. 1998 . The Assimilation Efficiency from Suspended Sediment and Algae by the Zebra Mussel, Dreissena polymorpha . Chemosphere , 36 : 3181 – 3197 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKim , J. M. 1994 . “ Physiological and Biochemical Mechanisms that Regulate the Accumulation and Toxicity of Environmental Chemicals in Fish. 179–201 ” . In Bioavailability: Physical, Chemical and Biological Interactions , Edited by: Hamelink , J. L. , Landrum , P. F. , Bergman , H. L. and Benson , W. H. Boca Raton : Lewis Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Garrigues , P. , Budinski , H. , Manitz , M. P. and Wise , S. A. 1995 . Pyrolytic and Petrogenic Inputs in Recent Sediments: A Definitive Signature through Phenanthrene and Chrysene Distribution . Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds , 7 : 275 – 284 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mackay , D. , Shiu , W. Y. and Ma , K. C. 1992 . Illustrated Handbook of Physical-chemical Properties and Environmental Fate for Organic Chemicals , Vol II , Michigan : Lewis Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Hellou , J. , Langille , M. , Leonard , J. , Steller , S. and Tremblay , D. 2004 . Partitioning of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons between Water and Particles and Bioaccumulation in Mussels: A Harbour Case . Mar. Environ. Res. , 59 : 101 – 117 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kucklick , J. R. and Bidleman , T. F. 1994 . Organic Contaminants in Winyah Bay, South Carolina I: Pesticides and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Subsurface and Microlayer Waters . Mar. Environ. Res. , 37 : 63 – 78 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar