PYRENE TOXICITY TO AQUATIC PELAGIC AND BENTHIC ORGANISMS IN SINGLE-SPECIES AND MICROCOSM TESTS

REFERENCES

• Neff , J. M. 1979 . Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aquatic environment , 262 London : Applied Science Publ. Ltd. .
   Google Scholar
• Menzie , C. A. , Potocki , B. B. and Santodonato , J. 1992 . Exposure to carcinogenic PAHs in the environment . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 26 : 1278 – 1284 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eisler , R. 2000 . “ Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ” . In Handbook of chemical risk assessment. Health hazards to humans, plants and animals. Organics , Edited by: Eisler , R. 1343 – 1411 . CRC Press. Lewis Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Lee , S. D. and Grant , L. 1981 . Health and Ecological Assessment of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons , 364 Park Forest South , IL : Pathotex Publ. .
   Google Scholar
• Varanasi , U. , Reichert , W. L. , Stein , J. E. , Brown , D. W. and Sanborn , H. R. 1985 . Bioavailability and biotransformation of aromatic hydrocarbons in benthic organisms exposed to sediment from an urban estuary . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 19 : 836 – 841 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karickhoff , S. W. , Brown , D. S. and Scott , T. A. 1979 . Sorption of hydrophobic polluants on natural sediments . Water Res. , 13 : 421 – 428 . [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalf , D. F. , Crommentuijn , T. and Van de Plassche , E. J. 1997 . Environmental Quality Objectives for 10 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) . Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety , 36 : 89 – 97 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Toro , D. M. , Zarba , C. S. , Hansen , D. J. , Berry , W. J. , Swartz , R. C. , Cowan , C. E. , Pavlou , S. P. , Allen , H. E. , Thomas , N. A. and Paquin , P. R. 1991 . Technical basis for establishing sediment quality criteria for nonionic organic chemicals using equilibrium partitioning . Environ. Toxicol. Chem. , 10 : 1541 – 1583 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeWitt , T. H. , Ozretich , R. J , Swartz , R. C. , Lamberson , J. O. , Schults , D. W. , Ditsworth , G. R. , Jones , J. K.P. , Holseton , L. and Smith , L. M. 1992 . The influence of organic matter in toxicity and partitioning of fluoranthene-associated sediment . Environ. Toxicol. Chem. , 11 : 197 – 208 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kukkonen , J. and Landrum , P. F. 1995 . Distribution of organic carbon and organic xenobiotics among different particle-size fraction in sediments . Chemosphere , 32 : 1063 – 1076 . [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landrum , P. F. , Eadie , B. J. and Faust , W. R. 1992 . Variation in the bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to the amphipod Diporeia (spp.) with the sediment aging . Environ. Toxicol. Chem. , 11 : 1197 – 1208 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kukkonen , J. V.K. and Landrum , P. F. 1998 . Effect of particle-xenobiotic contact time on bioaivalability of sediment-associated benzo(a)pyrene to benthic amphipod, Diporeia spp. . Aquat. Toxicol. , 42 : 229 – 242 . [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alexander , M. 2000 . Aging, bioavailability, and overestimation of risk from environmental pollutants . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 34 : 4259 – 4264 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leppänen , M. T. and Kukkonen , J. V.K. 2000 . Effect of sediment-chemical contact time on availability of sediment-associated pyrene and benzo(a)pyrene to oligochaete worms and semi-permeable membrane devices . Aquat. Toxicol. , 49 : 227 – 241 . [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conrad , A. U. , Comber , S. D. and Simkiss , K. 2002 . Pyrene bioavailability; effect of sediment-chemical contact time on routes of uptake in an oligochaete worm . Chemosphere , 49 : 447 – 454 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang , X. D. , Dixon , D. G. and Greenberg , G. B.M. 1995 . Increased polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon toxicity following their photomodification in natural sunlight : impacts on the duckweed Lemna gibba L.G-3 . Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety , 32 : 194 – 200 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arfsten , D. P. , Schaeffer , D. J. and Mulveny , D. C. 1996 . The effects of near ultraviolet light radiation on the toxic effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in animals and plants: a review . Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety , 33 : 1 – 24 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang , X. D. , Dixon , D. G. and Greenberg , M. 1993 . Impacts of UV radiation on the toxicity of PAHs to the higher plant Lemna gibba (duckweed) . Environ. Toxicol. Chem. , 12 : 1067 – 1077 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mekenyan , O. G. , Ankley , G. T. , Veith , G. D. and Call , D. J. 1994 . QSARs for photoinduced toxicity I. Acute lethality of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to Daphnia magna . Chemosphere , 28 : 567 – 582 . [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Veith , G. D. , Mekenyan , O. G. , Ankley , G. T. and Call , D. J. 1995 . A QSAR analysis of substituent effects on the photoinduced acute toxicity of PAHs . Chemosphere , 30 : 2129 – 2142 . [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinks , G. D. , Schultz , T. W. and Hunter , R. S. 1997 . UVb-induced toxicity of PAHs : effects of substituents and heteroatom substitution . Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , 59 : 1 – 8 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ankley , G. T. , Erickson , R. J. , Phipps , G. J. , Mattson , V. R. , Kosian , P. A. , Sheedy , B. R. and Cox , J. S. 1995 . Effects of light intensity on the phototoxicity of fluoranthene to a benthic invertebrate . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 29 : 2828 – 2833 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ankley , G. T. , Erickson , R. J. , Sheedy , B. R. , Kosian , P. A. , Mattson , V. R. and Coxl , J. S. 1997 . Evaluation of models for predicting the phototoxic potency of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons . Aquat. Toxicol. , 37 : 37 – 50 . [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hatch , A. C. and Burton , A. G. 1999a . Phototoxicity of fluoranthene to two freshwater crustaceans Hyalella azteca and Daphnia magna : mesures of feeding inhibition as a toxicological endpoint . Hydrobiologia , 400 : 243 – 248 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hatch , A. C. and Burton , A. G. 1999b . Photo-induced toxicity of PAHs to Hyalella azteca and Chironomus tentans: effects of mixtures and behavior . Envir. Pollut. , 106 : 157 – 167 . [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDonald , B. G. and Chapman , P. M. 2002 . PAH phototoxicity—-an ecologically irrelevant phenomenon? . Mar. Pollut. Bull. , 44 : 1321 – 1326 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bouchez , M. , Balchet , D. and Vandecasteele , J. P. 1995 . Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by pures strains by defined strain associations : inhibition phenomena and cometabolism . Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. , 43 : 156 – 164 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kästner , M. 2000 . “ Degradation of aromatic polyaromatic compounds ” . In Biotechnology Edited by: Rehm , H -J. and Reed , G. Volume 11b , 211 – 239 .
   Google Scholar
• Yuan , S. Y. , Wei , S. H. and Chang , B. V. 2000 . Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by a mixed culture . Chemosphere , 41 : 1463 – 1468 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krivobok , S. , Kuony , S. , Meyer , C. , Louwagie , M. , Willison , J. C. and Jouanneau , Y. 2003 . Identification of pyrene-induced proteins in Mycobacterium sp. 6PY1 : Evidence for two ring-hydroxylating dioxygenases . J. Bacteriol , 185 : 3828 – 3841 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leversse , G. J. , Giesy , J. P. , Landrum , P. F. , Gerould , S. , Bowling , J. W. , Fannin , T. E. , Haddock , J. D. and Bartell , S. M. 1982 . Kinetics and biotransformation of benzo(a)pyrene in Chironomus riparius . Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , 11 : 25 – 31 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warshawsky , D. , Cody , T. , Radike , M. , Reilman , R , Schumann , B. , LaDow , K. and Schneider , J. 1995 . Biotransformation of benzo[a]pyrene and other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocyclic analogs by several green algae and other algal species under gold and white light . Chemico-Biol. Interact. , 97 : 131 – 148 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akkanen , J. and Kukkonen , J. V.K. 2003 . Biotransformation and bioconcentration of pyrene in Daphnia magna . Aquat. Toxicol. , 64 : 3 – 61 . [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verrhiest , G. , Clément , B. and Blake , G. 2001 . Toxicity of sediment-associated PAH on the cladoceran Daphnia magna, the amphipod Hyalella azteca and the insect Chironomus riparius. Cases of phenanthrene, fluoranthene and benzo(k)fluoranthene as single substances and combined . Ecotoxicology , 10 : 363 – 372 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wise , S. A. , Sander , L. C. and May , W. E. 1993 . Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by liquid chromatography . J. Chromatogr. , 642 : 329 – 349 . [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ditsworth , G. R. and Schults , D. W. 1990 . Preparation of benthic substrates for sediment toxicity testing . Environ. Toxicol. Chem. , 9 : 1523 – 1529 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verrhiest , G. , Clément , B. and Merlin , G. 2000 . Influence of sediment organic matter and fluoranthene-spiked sediments on some bacterial parameters in laboratory freshwater / formulated sediment microcosms . Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management , 3 : 359 – 368 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Clément , B and Cadier , C. 1998 . Development of a new laboratory freshwater/sediment microcosm test . Ecotoxicology , 7 : 279 – 290 . [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ISO (1996) . Qualité de l'eau : Détermination de la mobilité de Daphnia magna Straus (Cladocera, Crustacea) , Essai de toxicité aiguë, DIS 6341.2
   Google Scholar
• Clément , B. , Muller , C. and Verrhiest , G. 2000 . Influence of exposure conditions on the bioavailability of fluoranthene to Daphnia magna (Cladocera) . Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds , 20 : 259 – 274 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OECD . 1993 . Algal Growth Inhibition Test, #201, adopted 7 June 1984, OECD Guideline for testing of chemicals
   Google Scholar
• AFNOR . 1996 . Essai des eaux – Détermination de l'inhibition de croissance de Lemna minor, NF XP T 90-337
   Google Scholar
• Clément , B. , Devaux , A. , Perrodin , Y. , Danjean , M. and Ghidini-Fatus , M. 2004 . Assessment of sediment ecotoxicity and genotoxicity in freshwater laboratory microcosms . Ecotoxicology , 13 : 323 – 333 . [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ASTM . 1993 . “ Standard practices for measurement of chlorophyll content of algae in surface waters ” . In ASTM Standards on Aquatic Toxicology and Hazard Evaluation , D 3731-87 2 – 5 .
   Google Scholar
• Hamilton , M. A. , Russo , R. C. and Thurston , R. V. 1977 . Trimmed Spearman-Karber method for estimating median lethal concentrations in toxicity bioassays . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 11 : 714 – 719 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borgmann , U. 1994 . Chronic toxicity of ammonia to the amphipod Hyalella azteca : importance of ammonium ion and water hardness . Environ. Pollut. , 86 : 329 – 335 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ankley , G. T. , Schubauer-Berigan , M. K and Monson , P. D. 1996 . Influence of pH and hardness on toxicity of ammonia to the amphipod Hyalella azteca. . Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. , 52 : 2078 – 2083 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vindimian , E. , Bisson , M. , Dujardin , R. , Flammarion , P. , Garric , J. , Babut , M. , Lamy , M. -H. , Porcher , J. -M. and Thybaud , E. 2000 . “ Complément au SEQ-Eau : méthode de détermination des seuils de qualité pour les substances génotoxiques ” . Rapport final”, 2000, 151 p, INERIS, Agence de l'eau Rhin-Meuse–Verneuil-en-Halatte—avril 2000
   Google Scholar
• Nikkilä , A. K , Penttinen , S. and Kukkonen , J. V.K. 1999 . UV-B-Induced Acute Toxicity of Pyrene to the Waterflea Daphnia magna in Natural Freshwaters . Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety , 44 : 271 – 279 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newsted , J. L. and Giesy , J. P. 1987 . Predictive models for photoinduced acute toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon to Daphnia magna, Strauss (Cladocera, crustacea) . Environ. Toxicol. Chem. , 6 : 445 – 461 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wernesson , A. S. and Dave , G. 1997 . Phototoxicity identification by solid phase extraction and photoinduced toxicity to Daphnia magna. . Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , 32 : 268 – 273 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ren , L. , Huang , X. D. , Mcconkey , B. J. , Dixon , D. G. and Greenberg , B. M. 1994 . Photoinduced toxicity of three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Fluoranthene, Pyrene, and Naphthalene) to the Duckweed Lemna gibba L. G-3 . Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety , 28 : 160 – 171 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Granier , L. K. , Lafrance , P. and Campbell , P. G.C. 1999 . An experimental design to probe the interactions of dissolved organic matter and xenobiotics: bioavailability of pyrene and 2,2′,5,5′-tetrachlorobiphenyl to Daphnia magna . Chemosphere , 38 : 335 – 350 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jouanneau , Y. , Rodarie , D. and Willison , J. C. 1999 . Dégradation microbiologique des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques . Rapport Ademe , : 156
   Google Scholar
• Guthrie , E. A. , Bortiatynski , J. M. , Van Heemst , J. D.H. , Richman , J. E. , Hardy , K. S. , Kovach , E. M. and Hatcher , P. G. 1999 . Determination of [C-13]pyrene sequestration in sediment microcosms using flash pyrolysis GC-MS and C-13 NMR . Environ. Sci. technol. , 33 : 119 – 125 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Irwin , R. J. , VanMouwerik , M. , Stevens , L. , Seese , M. D. and Basham , W. 1997 . Environmental Contaminants Encyclopedia , Distributed within the Federal Government as an Electronic Document Fort Collins , Colorado : National Park Service, Water Resources Division .
   Google Scholar
• Swartz , R. C. , Ferraro , S. P. , Lamberson , J. O. , Cole , F. A. , Ozretich , R. J. , Boese , B. L. , Schults , D. W. , Behrenfeld , M. and Ankley , G. T. 1997 . Photoactivation and toxicity of hydrocarbon compounds in marine sediment . Environ. Toxicol. Chem. , 10 : 2151 – 2157 . [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Lotufo , G. R. and Fleeger , J. W. 1996 . Toxicity of sediment-associated pyrene and phenanthrene to Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri (oligochaeta : tubificidae) . Environ. Toxicol. Chem. , 9 : 1508 – 1516 . [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Thurman , E. M. 1985 . Organic Geochemistry of Natural Waters , Nijhof (Martinus), Dordrecht .
   Google Scholar
• Haitzer , M. , Akkanen , J. , Steinberg , C. and Kukkonen , J. V.K. 2001 . No enhancement in bioconcentration of organic contaminants by low levels of DOM . Chemosphere , 44 : 165 – 171 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mackay , D. , Shiu , W. Y. and Ma , K. C. 1992 . Illustrated Handbook of Physical–Chemical Properties and Environmental Fate for Organic Chemicals , Boca Raton , FL : Lewis .
   Google Scholar