121
Views
6
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Characterization of PM2.5-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Ambient Air of Győr, Hungary

&
Pages 332-345 | Received 13 Aug 2016, Accepted 28 Apr 2017, Published online: 08 Jun 2017

References

  • EEA. Air Quality in Europe2015 Report. (Luxembourg: European Environment Agency, 2015), 20–4.
  • WHO. Health Effects of Particulate Matter. Policy Implications for Countries in Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia. (Copenhagen: World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe, 2013), 4–8.
  • Araujo, J. A. “Particulate Air Pollution, Systemic Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Atherosclerosis.” Air Qual. Atmos. Health 4 (2011): 79–93.
  • Anderson, J. O., J. G. Thundiyil, and A. Stolbach. “Clearing the Air: A Review of the Effects of Particulate Matter Air Pollution on Human Health.” J. Med. Toxicol. 8 (2012): 166−75.
  • Mehta, S., H. Shin, R. Burnett, T. North, and A. J. Cohen. “Ambient Particulate Air Pollution and Acute Lower Respiratory Infections: a Systematic Review and Implications for Estimating the Global Burden of Disease.” Air Qual. Atmos. Health 6 (2013): 69–83.
  • Wyzga, R. E., and A. C. Rohr. “Long-term Particulate Matter Exposure: Attributing Health Effects to Individual PM Components.” J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 65 (2015): 523–43.
  • ATSDR. “Toxicological Profile for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons.” Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). (Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1995), 11–77.
  • Lammel, G.. “Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds in the Atmosphere – a Review Identifying Research Needs.” Polycycl. Arom. Comp. 35 (2015): 316–29.
  • Srogi, K.. “Monitoring of Environmental Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: a Review.” Environ. Chem. Lett. 5 (2007): 169–95.
  • Ravindra, K., R. Sokhi, and R. Van Grieken. “Atmospheric Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Source Attribution, Emission Factors and Regulation.” Atmos. Environ. 42 (2008): 2895–921.
  • Keith, L. H.. “The Source of U.S. EPA's Sixteen PAH Priority Pollutants.” Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds 35 (2015): 147–60.
  • Andersson, J. T. and C. Achten. “Time to Say Goodbye to the 16 EPA PAHs? Toward an Up-to-Date Use of PACs for Environmental Purposes.” Polycycl. Arom. Comp. 35 (2015): 330–54.
  • OMSZ ÉLFO. “Summary of the OLM PM10 Sampling Program in 2012.” Reference Centre for Air Quality Protection, (Budapest, Hungarian, 2013).
  • Nagy, A. S., Z. Csanádi and J. Szabó. “Preliminary Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Associated to Airborne PM10 in Győr, Hungary.” Acta Tech. Jaurinensis 8 (2015): 9–22.
  • Nagy, A. S., J. Szabó, Z. Csanádi and J. Erdős. “Seasonal Variation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Associated with PM10 in Győr, Hungary.” Int. J. Environ., Chem., Ecol. Geol. Geophys. Eng. 9 (2015): 824–8.
  • Szabó, J., A. S. Nagy and J. Erdős. “Ambient Concentrations of PM10, PM10-bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Heavy Metals in an Urban Site of Győr, Hungary.” Air Qual. Atmos. Health 8 (2015): 229–41.
  • MSZ EN 15549:2008. Air qualityStandard Method for Measurement of the Concentration of Benzo(a)pyrene in Ambient Air. (Budapest: Hungarian Standard Association, 2008), 1–52.
  • EU Ambient Air Quality Directive. “Directive 2008/50/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2008 on Ambient Air Quality and Cleaner Air for Europe.” Official J. Eur. Union L 152 (2008): 11–6.
  • WHO. Air Quality Guidelines. Global Update 2005. Particulate Matter, Ozone, Nitrogen Dioxide and Sulfur Dioxide. (Copenhagen: World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe, 2006), 275–80.
  • Directive 4/2011 (I.14.) VM. Guidelines for the Air Load Levels and the Stationary Point Source Emissions. (Budapest: Hungarian Ministry of Rural Development, 2011) ( in Hungarian).
  • Yang, D., S. Qi, N. L. Devi, F. Tian, Z. Hu, Q. Zhu and J. Wang. “Characterization of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in PM2.5 and PM10 in Tanggu District, Tianjin Binhai New Area, China.” Frontiers Earth Sci. 6 (2012): 324–30.
  • Limu, Y. L. M. A. B. D., D. L. N. T. Lifu, A. B. L. Y. Miti, X. Wang and X. Ding. “Autumn and Wintertime Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in PM2.5 and PM2.5–10 from Urumqi, China.” Aerosol Air Qual. Res. 13 (2013): 407–14.
  • Naser, T. M., Y. Yoshimura, K. Sekiguchi, Q. Wang and K. Sakamato. “Chemical Composition of PM2.5 and PM10 and Associated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons at a Roadside and an Urban Background Area in Saitama, Japan.” Asian J. Atmos. Environ. 2 (2008): 90–101.
  • Arruti, A., I. Fernández-Olmo and Á. Irabien. “Evaluation of the Urban/Rural Particle-bound PAH and PCB Levels in the Northern Spain (Cantabria Region).” Environ. Monit. Assess. 184 (2012): 6513–26.
  • Alves, C. A., A. Vicente, M. Evtyugina, C. A. Pio, A. Hoffer, G. Kiss, S. Decesari, R. Hillamo and E. Swietlick. “Characterisation of Hydrocarbons in Atmospheric Aerosols from Different European Sites.” Int. J. Environ., Chem., Ecol. Geol. Geophys. Eng. 3 (2009): 263–9.
  • Kozielska, B., W. Rogula-Kozlowska and K. Klejnowski. “Selected Organic Compounds in Fine Particulate Matter at the Regional Background, Urban Background and Urban Traffic Points in Silesia (Poland).” Int. J. Environ. Res. 9 (2015): 575–84.
  • Rogula-Kozlowska, W., B. Kozielska, K. Klejnowski and S. Szopa. “Hazardous Compounds in Urban PM in the Central Part of the Upper Silesia (Poland) in Winter.” Arch. Environ. Prot. 39 (2013): 53–65.
  • Cwiklak, K., J. S. Pastuszka and W. Rogula-Kozlowska. “Influence of Traffic on Particulate-Matter Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Urban Atmosphere of Zabrze, Poland.” Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 18 (2009): 579–85.
  • Tolis, E. I., D. E. Saraga, K. F. Filiou, N. I. Tziavos, C. P. Tsiaousis, A. Dinas and J. G. Bartzis. “One-year Intensive Characterization on PM2.5 Nearby Port Area of Thessaloniki, Greece.” Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 22 (2015): 6812–26.
  • Martellini, Z., M. Giannoni, L. Lepri, A. Katsoyiannis and A. Cincinelli. “One year Intensive PM2.5 bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Monitoring in the Area of Tuscany, Italy. Concentrations, Source Understanding and Implications.” Environ. Pollut. 164 (2012): 252–8.
  • Villar-Vidal, M., A. Lertxundi, M. D. Martinez López de Dicastillo, J. I. Alvarez, L. Santa Marina, M. Ayerdi, M. Basterrechea and J. Ibarluzea. “Air Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Associated with PM2.5 in a North Cantabric Coast Urban Environment.” Chemosphere 99 (2014): 233–8.
  • Slezakova, K., D. Castro, M. C. Pereira, M. S. Morais, C. Delerue-Matos and M. C. Alvim-Ferraz. “Influence of Traffic Emissions on the Carcinogenic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Outdoor Breathable Particles.” J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 60 (2010): 393–401.
  • Kirso, U., G. Urb, M. Laja, E. Teinemaa, J. Reinik, I. Gebefügi and A. Kettrup. “PAH in Airborne Particulate Matter.” Polycycl. Arom. Comp. 26 (2006): 111–9.
  • Li, Z., E. N. Porter, A. Sjödin, L. L. Needham, S. Lee, A. G. Russell and J. A. Mulholland. “Characterization of PM2.5-bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Atlanta – Seasonal Variations at Urban, Suburban, and Rural Ambient Air Monitoring Sites.” Atmos. Environ. 43 (2009): 4187–93.
  • Ward, T. J. and G. C. Smith. “Vapor-Phase and Fine Particulate Matter Concentrations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Measured during the Winter Months in a Northern Rocky Mountain Urban Airshed.” J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 5 (2005): 1327–34.
  • Cereceda-Balic, F., X. Fadic, A. L. Llanos, A. M. Domínguez, J. L. Guevara, V. Vidal, L. A. Díaz-Robles, L. N. Schiappacasse and P. Etcharren. “Obtaining Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Concentration Ratios and Molecular Markers for Residential Wood Combustion: Temuco, a Case Study.” J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 62 (2012): 44–51.
  • Guo, H., S. C. Lee, K. F. Ho, X. M. Wang and S. C. Zou. “Particle-Associated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Urban Air of Hong Kong.” Atmos. Environ. 37 (2003): 5307–17.
  • Mohanraj, R., S. Dhanakumar and G. Solaraj. “Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Bound to PM2.5 in Urban Coimbatore, India with Emphasis on Source Apportionment.” Sci. World J. (2012): Article ID 980843.
  • Singla, V., T. Pachauri, A. Satsangi, K. M. Kumari and A. Lakhani. “Characterization and Mutagenicity Assessment of PM2.5 and PM10 PAH at Agra, India.” Polycycl. Arom. Comp. 32 (2012): 199–220.
  • Valerio, F., P. Bottino, D. Ugolini, M. R. Cimberle, G. A. Tozzi and A. Frigerio. “Chemical and Photochemical Degradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Atmosphere.” Sci. Total Environ. 40 (1984): 169–88.
  • Tobiszewski, M. and J. Namiesnik. “PAH Diagnostic Ratios for the Identification of Pollution Emission Sources.” Environ. Pollut. 162 (2012): 110–9.
  • US EPA. Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund Volume I, Human Health Evaluation Manual (Part A). (Washington: Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1989), 6–44.
  • RAM Group, Inc. “Comparison of Exposure Factors (Reflects Changes Adopted on April 28, 2005 Workgroup Meeting).” https://dnr.mo.gov/env/hwp/mrbca/ref/comparison-of-exposure-factors-2005-06-10.pdf
  • MRBCA. “Exposure Factors.” Missouri Risk-Based Corrective Action Technical Guidance, Appendix E, https://dnr.mo.gov/env/hwp/mrbca/docs/MRBCAExposureFactorsComparison.pdf
  • US EPA. Exposure Factors Handbook: 2011 Edition. (Washington: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011), EPA/600/R-09/052F.
  • Kaur, S., K. Senthilkumar, V. K. Verma, B. Kumar and S. Kumar. “Preliminary Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Air Particles (PM10) in Amritsar, India: Sources, Apportionment, and Possible Risk Implications to Humans.” Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 65 (2013): 382–95.
  • Yunker, M. B, R. W. Macdonald, R. Vingarzan, H. R. Mitchell, D. Goyette and S. Sylvestre. “PAHs in the Fraser River Basin: a Critical Appraisal of PAH Ratios as Indicators of PAH Source and Composition.” Org. Geochem. 33 (2002): 489–515.
  • Larsen, R. K. and J. E. Baker. “Source Apportionment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Urban Atmosphere: A Comparison of Three Methods.” Environ. Sci. Technol. 37 (2003): 1873–81.
  • Simcik, M. F., S. J. Eisenreich and P. J. Lioy. “Source Apportionment and Source/Sink Relationships of PAHs in the Coastal Atmosphere of Chicago and Lake Michigan.” Atmos. Environ. 33 (1999): 5071–9.
  • Li, W., Y. Peng, J. Shi, W. Qui, J. Wang and Z. Bai. “Particulate Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Urban Northeast Region of China: Profiles, Distributions and Sources.” Atmos. Environ. 45 (2011): 7664–71.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.