Comparative Numerical Study of Freeze Drying of Solution and Spray-frozen Particles in Trays and Vials

REFERENCES

• Y. F. Maa , P. A. Nugyen , T. Sweeney , S. J. Shire , and C. C. Hsu , Protein Inhalation Powers. Spray Drying vs. Spray Freeze Drying , Pharmaceut. Res. , vol. 16 , pp. 249 – 254 , 1999 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H. R. Costantino , L. Firouzabadian , K. Hogeland , C. Wu , C. Beganski , K. G. Carrasquillo , M. Cordova , K. Griebenow , S. E. Zale , and M. A. Tracy , Protein Spray-Freeze Drying. Effect of Atomization Conditions on Particle Size and Stability , Pharmaceut. Res. , vol. 17 , pp. 1374 – 1382 , 2000 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H. R. Costantino , L. Firouzabadian , C. Wu , K. G. Carrasquillo , K. Griebenow , S. E. Zale , and M. A. Tracy , Protein Spray Freeze Drying. 2. Effect of Formulation Variables On Particle Size And Stability , J. Pharmaceut. Sci. , vol. 91 , pp. 388 – 395 , 2002 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H. Leuenberger , Spray Freeze Drying—the Process of Choice for Low Water Soluble Drugs , J. Nanoparticle Res. , vol. 4 , pp. 111 – 119 , 2002 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C. Sonner , Y. F. Maa , and G. Lee , Spray-Freeze Drying for Protein Powder Preparation: Particle Characterization and a Case Study with Trypsinogen Stability , J. Pharmaceut. Sci. , vol. 91 , pp. 2122 – 2139 , 2002 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Y. F. Maa , M. Ameri , C. Shu , L. G. Payne , and D. Chen , Influenza Vaccine Powder Formulation Development: Spray-Freeze Drying and Stability Evaluation , J. Pharmaceut. Sci. , vol. 93 , pp. 1912 – 1923 , 2004 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. I. Liapis and R. Bruttini , A Theory for the Primary and Secondary Drying Stages of the Freeze-Drying of Pharmaceutical Crystalline and Amorphous Solutes: Comparison Between Experimental Data and Theory , Separations Technol. , vol. 4 , pp. 144 – 155 , 1994 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H. Sadikoglu and A. I. Liapis , Mathematical Modeling of the Primary and Secondary Drying Stages of Bulk Solution Freeze Drying in Trays: Parameter Estimation and Model Discrimination by Comparison of Theoretical Results With Experimental Data , Drying Technol. , vol. 15 , pp. 791 – 810 , 1997 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• P. Sheehan and A. I. Liapis , Modeling of the Primary and Secondary Drying Stages of the Freeze Drying of Pharmaceutical Products in Vials: Numerical Results Obtained from the Solution of a Dynamic and Spatially Multi-Dimensional Lyophilization Model for Different Operation Policies, Biotechnol. Bioeng. , vol. 60, pp. 712–728, 1998.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C. S. Song , J. H. Nam , C.-J. Kim , and S. T. Ro , A Finite Volume Analysis of Vacuum Freeze Drying Processes of Skim Milk Solution in Trays and Vials , Drying Technol. , vol. 20 , pp. 283 – 305 , 2002 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. I. Liapis and R. J. Litchfield , Optimal Control of a Freeze Dryer , Chem. Eng. Sci. , vol. 34 , pp. 975 – 981 , 1979 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H. Sadikoglu , A. I. Liapis , and O. K. Crosser , Optimal Control of the Primary and Secondary Drying Stages of Solution Freeze Drying in Trays , Drying Technol. , vol. 16 , pp. 399 – 431 , 1998 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H. Sadikoglu , M. Ozdemir , and M. Seker , Optimal Control of the Primary Drying Stage of Freeze Drying of Solutions in Vials Using Variational Calculus , Drying Technol. , vol. 21 , pp. 1307 – 1331 , 2003 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Z. H. Wang and M. H. Shi , The Effects of Sublimation-Condensation Region on Heat and Mass Transfer During Microwave Freeze Drying , J. Heat Transfer , vol. 120 , pp. 654 – 660 , 1998 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Z. H. Wang and M. H. Shi , Numerical Study on Sublimation-Condensation Phenomena During Microwave Freeze Drying , Chem. Eng. Sci. , vol. 53 , pp. 3189 – 3197 , 1998 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. H. Nam and C. S. Song , An Efficient Calculation of Multi-Dimensional Freeze Drying Problems Using Fixed Grid Method , Drying Technol. , vol. 23 , pp. 2491 – 2511 , 2005 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. Marti and K. Mauersberger , A Survey and New Measurements of Ice Vapor Pressure at Temperatures between 170 and 250 K , Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol. 20 , pp. 363 – 366 , 1993 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R. B. Evans , G. M. Watson , and E. A. Mason , Gaseous Diffusion in Porous Media , J. Chem. Phy. , vol. 36 , pp. 1894 – 1902 , 1962 .
   Google Scholar
• R. B. Bird , W. E. Stewart , and E. N. Lightfoot , Transport Phenomena, , 2nd ed. , Wiley , New York , 2002 .
   Google Scholar
• M. Kaviany , Principles of Heat Transfer in Porous Media, , 2nd ed. , Springer-Verlag , New York , 1999 .
   Google Scholar