Investigation on the effect of the thermal dynamic, evaporation, and alternative material properties in a laser melt pool with a developed 2D model based on the VOSET method

References

• S. M. Thompson, L. Bian, N. Shamsaei, and A. Yadollahi, An Overview of Direct Laser Deposition for Additive Manufacturing; Part I: Transport Phenomena, Modeling and Diagnostics [J], Addit. Manuf., vol. 71, pp. 36–62, 2015.
   Google Scholar
• L. Han, F. W. Liou, and S. Musti, Thermal Behavior and Geometry Model of Melt Pool in Laser Material Process [J], J. Heat Transfer. vol. 71, pp. 1005–1014, 2005.
   Google Scholar
• H. E. Cline and T. R. Anthony, Heat Treating and Melting Material with a Scanning Laser or Electron Beam [J], J. Appl. Phys., vol. 71, pp. 3895–3900, 1977.
   Google Scholar
• F. R. Tsai and E. Kannatey-Asibu, Modeling of Conduction Mode Laser Welding Process for Feedback Control [J], J. Manuf. Sci. Eng., vol. 71, pp. 420–428, 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Y. Huang, L. J. Yang, X. Z. Du, and Y. P. Yang, Finite Element Analysis of Thermal Behavior of Metal Powder during Selective Laser Melting [J], Int. J. Thermal Sci., vol. 71, pp. 146–157, 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Y. Li and D. Gu, Thermal Behavior during Selective Laser Melting of Commercially Pure Titanium Powder: Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study [J], Addit. Manuf., vol. 71, pp. 99–109, 2014.
   Google Scholar
• L. E. Loh, C. K. Chua, W. Y. Yeong, J. Song, and M. Mapar, Numerical Investigation and an Effective Modelling on the Selective Laser Melting (SLM) Process with Aluminium Alloy 6061 [J], Int. J. Heat . Transfer. vol. 71, pp. 288–300, 2015.
   Google Scholar
• V. R. Voller and C. Prakash, A Fixed Grid Numerical Modelling Methodology for Convection-Diffusion Mushy Region Phase-Change Problems [J], Int. J. Heat Mass. Transf., vol. 71, pp. 1709–1718, 1987.
   Google Scholar
• V. R. Voller, A. D. Brent, and C. Prakash, Modelling the Mushy Region in a Binary Alloy [J], Appl. Math. Model. vol. 71, pp. 320–326, 1990.
   Google Scholar
• G. M. Oreper and J. Szekely, Heat and Fluid Flow Phenomena in Weld Pools [J], J. Fluid Mech., vol. 71, pp. 53–79, 1984.
   Google Scholar
• G. M. Oreper and J. Szekely, A Comprehensive Representation of Transient Weld Pool Development in Spot Welding Operations [J], Metallurg. Mater. Trans., vol. 71, pp. 1325–1332, 1987.
   Google Scholar
• Y. P. Lei, H. Murakawa, Y. W. Shi, and X. Y. Li, Numerical Analysis of the Competitive Influence of Marangoni Flow and Evaporation on Heat Surface Temperature and Molten Pool Shape in Laser Surface Remelting [J], Comput. Mater. Sci., vol. 71, pp. 276–290, 2001.
   Google Scholar
• D. Dai and D. Gu, Influence of Thermodynamics within Molten Pool on Migration and Distribution State of Reinforcement during Selective Laser Melting of Aln/Alsi10 mg Composites [J], Int J Mach Tools Manuf. vol. 71, pp. 14–24, 2016.
   Google Scholar
• M. E. Thompson and J. Szekely, The Transient Behavior of Weldpools with a Deformed Free Surface [J], Int. J. Heat . Transfer. vol. 71, pp. 1007–1019, 1989.
   Google Scholar
• R. T. Chooo, J. Szekely, and T. Debroy, Modeling of High-Current Arcs with Emphasis on Free Surface Phenomena in the Weld Pool [J], Weld. J., vol. 71, pp. 346–361, 1990.
   Google Scholar
• C. S. Wu, Welding Heat Process and Melt Pool Dynamic. 1st ed., pp. 100–135, Machinery Industry Press, Bei Jing, China, 2008.
   Google Scholar
• A. Kumar and S. Roy, Effect of Three-Dimensional Melt Pool Convection on Process Characteristics during Laser Cladding [J], Comput. Mater. Sci., vol. 71, pp. 495–506, 2009.
   Google Scholar
• E. Karimi-Sibaki, A. Kharicha, J. Bohacek, M. Wu, and A. Ludwig, A Dynamic Mesh-Based Approach to Model Melting and Shape of an ESR Electrode [J], Metallurg. Mater. Trans. B. vol. 71, pp. 2049–2061, 2015.
   Google Scholar
• S. Pang, X. Chen, J. Zhou, X. Shao, and C. Wang, 3D Transient Multiphase Model for Keyhole, Vapor Plume, and Weld Pool Dynamics in Laser Welding Including the Ambient Pressure Effect [J], Opt. Lasers Eng., vol. 71, pp. 47–58, 2015.
   Google Scholar
• H. Ki, J. Mazumder, and P. S. Mohanty, Modeling of Laser Keyhole Welding: Part I. Mathematical Modeling, Numerical Methodology, Role of Recoil Pressure, Multiple Reflections, and Free Surface Evolution [J], Metallurg. Mater. Trans., vol. 71, pp. 1817–1830, 2002.
   Google Scholar
• M. Geiger, K. H. Leitz, H. Koch, and A. Otto, A 3D Transient Model of Keyhole and Melt Pool Dynamics in Laser Beam Welding Applied to the Joining of Zinc Coated Sheets [J], Prod. Eng., vol. 71, pp. 127–136, 2009.
   Google Scholar
• B. Chang, C. Allen, J. Blackburn, P. Hilton, and D. Du, Fluid Flow Characteristics and Porosity Behavior in Full Penetration Laser Welding of a Titanium Alloy [J], Metallurg. Mater. Trans. B. vol. 71, pp. 906–918, 2015.
   Google Scholar
• D. Dai and D. Gu, Tailoring Surface Quality through Mass and Momentum Transfer Modeling Using a Volume of Fluid Method in Selective Laser Melting of Tic/Alsi10 mg Powder [J], Int. J. Mach. Tools Manuf., vol. 71, pp. 95–107, 2014.
   Google Scholar
• D. L. Sun and W. Q. Tao, A Coupled Volume-Of-Fluid and Level Set (VOSET) Method for Computing Incompressible Two-Phase Flows [J], Int. J. Heat Transfer. vol. 71, pp. 645–655, 2010.
   Google Scholar
• D. L. Sun, J. L. Xu, P. Ding, and W. Q. Tao, Implementation of the Ideal Algorithm on Unsteady Two-Phase Flows and Application Examples [J], Numer. Heat Transfer Fundam., vol. 71, pp. 204–221, 2013.
   Google Scholar
• W. Q. Tao, Numerical Heat Transfer. 2nd ed., pp. 200–250, Xi’an Jiao Tong University Press, Xi’an, China, 2001.
   Google Scholar
• V. Semak and A. Matsunawa, The Role of Recoil Pressure in Energy Balance during Laser Materials Processing [J], J. Phys. D Appl. Phys., vol. 71, pp. 2541–2552, 1998.
   Google Scholar
• J. U. Brackbill, D. B. Kothe, and C. A. Zemach, Continuum Method for Modeling Surface Tension [J], J. Comput. Phys., vol. 71, pp. 335–354, 1992.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar