Numerical investigation of transport phenomena in high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells with different flow field designs

References

• Y. Wang, K. S. Chen, J. Mishler, S. C. Cho, and X. C. Adroher, “A review of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells: Technology, applications, and needs on fundamental research,” Appl. Energy, vol. 88, pp. 981–1007, 2011. DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.09.030.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H. W. Wu, “A review of recent development: Transport and performance modeling of PEM fuel cells,” Appl. Energy, vol. 165, pp. 81–106, 2016. DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.12.075.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• T. V. Nguyen and R. E. White, “A water and heat management model for proton exchange membrane fuel cells,” J. Electrochem. Soc., vol. 140, pp. 2178–2186, 1993. DOI: 10.1149/1.2220792.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D. Natarajan and T. V. Nguyen, “Three-dimensional effects of liquid water flooding in the cathode of a PEM fuel cell,” J. Power Sour., vol. 115, pp. 66–80, 2003. DOI: 10.1016/s0378-7753(02)00624-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Y. Zong, B. Zhou, and A. Sobiesiak, “Water and thermal management in a single PEM fuel cell with non-uniform stack temperature,” J. Power Sour., vol. 161, pp. 143–159, 2006. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.02.107.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. E. Dawes, N. S. Hanspal, O. A. Family, and A. Turan, “Three-dimensional CFD modeling of PEM fuel cells: An investigation into the effects of water flooding,” Chem. Eng. Sci., vol. 64, pp. 2781–2794, 2009. DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2009.01.060.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. S. Wainright, J. T. Wang, D. Weng, R. F. Savinell, and M. Litt, “Acid-doped polybenzimidazoles: A new polymer electrolyte,” J. Electrochem. Soc., vol. 142, pp. L121–L123, 1995.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Litt, R. Ameri, Y. Wang, R. Savinell, and J. Wainwright, “Polybenzimidazoles/phosphoric acid solid polymer electrolytes: Mechanical and electrical properties,” Mater. Res. Soc. Symp., vol. 548, p. 313, 1999. DOI: 10.1557/proc-548-313.
   Google Scholar
• S. Samms, S. Wasmus, and R. Savinell, “Thermal stability of proton conducting acid doped polybenzimidazole in simulated fuel cell environments,” J. Electrochem. Soc., vol. 143, pp. 1225–1232, 1996. DOI: 10.1149/1.1836621.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• B. Xing and O. Savadogo, “The effect of acid doping on the conductivity of polybenzimidazole,” New Mater. Electrochem. Syst., vol. 2, pp. 95–102, 1999.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Q. F. Li, H. A. Hjuler, and N. Bjerrum, “Phosphoric acid doped polybenzimidazole membranes: Physiochemical characterization and fuel cell applications,” J. Appl. Electrochem., vol. 31, pp. 773–779, 2001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. H. Chan, S. K. Goh, and S. P. Jiang, “A mathematical model of polymer electrolyte fuel cell with anode CO kinetics,” Electrochim. Acta., vol. 48, pp. 1905–1919, 2003. DOI: 10.1016/s0013-4686(03)00269-x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. L. Zhang, Z. Xie, J. J. Zhang, Y. H. Tang, C. J. Song et al., “High temperature PEM fuel cells,” J. Power Sour., vol. 160, pp. 872–891, 2006. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.05.034.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R. K. A. Rasheed, Q. Liao, C. Z. Zhang, and S. H. Chan, “A review on modeling of high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 42, pp. 3142–3165, 2017.
   Google Scholar
• S. Shimpalee and S. Dutta, “Numerical prediction of temperature distribution in PEM fuel cells,” Numer. Heat Transfer A, vol. 38, pp. 111–128, 2000. DOI: 10.1080/10407780050135360.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R. Bradean, K. Promislow, and B. Wetton, “Transport phenomena in the porous cathode of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell,” Numer. Heat Transfer A, vol. 42, pp. 121–138, 2002. DOI: 10.1080/10407780290059468.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. L. Yuan, M. Rokni, and B. Sunden, “A numerical investigation of gas flow and heat transfer in proton exchange membrane fuel cells,” Numer. Heat Transfer A, vol. 44, pp. 255–280, 2003. DOI: 10.1080/716100507.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. L. Yuan, B. Sunden, M. Hou, and H. M. Zhang, “Three-dimensional analysis of two-phase flow and its effects on the cell performance of PEMFC,” Numer. Heat Transfer A, vol. 46, pp. 669–694, 2004. DOI: 10.1080/10407780490487731.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. A. Li, J. L. Yuan, M. Andersson, G. N. Xie, and B. Sunden, “Wavy surface cathode gas flow channel effects on transport processes in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell,” ASME J. Electrochem. En. Conv. Stor., vol. 14, p. 031007, 2017. DOI: 10.1115/1.4036810.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. A. Li, J. L. Yuan, M. Andersson, G. N. Xie, and B. Sunden, “Influence of anisotropic gas diffusion layers on transport phenomena in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell,” Int. J. Energy Res., vol. 41, pp. 2034–2050, 2017. DOI: 10.1002/er.3763.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• L. Chen, Y. L. He, and W. Q. Tao, “The temperature effect on the diffusion processes of water and proton in the proton exchange membrane using molecular dynamics simulation,” Numer. Heat Transfer A, vol. 65, pp. 216–228, 2014. DOI: 10.1080/10407782.2013.784677.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. A. Li and B. Sunden, “Three-dimensional modeling and investigation of high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells with metal foams as flow distributor,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 42, pp. 27323–27333, 2017. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.09.014.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D. F. Cheddie and N. D. H. Munroe, “Three dimensional modeling of high temperature PEM fuel cells,” J. Power Sour., vol. 160, pp. 215–223, 2006. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.01.035.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D. F. Cheddie and N. D. H. Munroe, “A two-phase model of an intermediate temperature PEM fuel cell,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 32, pp. 832–841, 2007. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2006.10.061.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• P. Chippar and H. Ju, “Three dimensional non-isothermal modeling of a phosphoric acid-doped polybenzimidazole membrane fuel cell,” Solid State Ionics, vol. 225, pp. 30–39, 2012. DOI: 10.1016/j.ssi.2012.02.031.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• P. Chippar and H. Ju, “Numerical modeling and investigation of gas crossover effects in high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 28, pp. 7704–7714, 2013. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.07.123.
   Google Scholar
• J. Kim, M. Kim, T. Kang, Y. J. Sohn, and T. Song, “Degradation modeling and operational optimization for improving the lifetime of high temperature PEM fuel cells,” Energy, vol. 66, pp. 41–49, 2014.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Y. Yin et al., “Modeling of high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells with novel sulfonated polybenzimidazole membranes,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 39, pp. 13671–13680, 2014. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.04.019.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H. Sun, C. Xie, H. Chen, and S. Almheiri, “A numerical study on the effects of temperature and mass transfer in high temperature PEM fuel cells with ab-PBI membrane,” Appl. Energy, vol. 160, pp. 937–944, 2015. DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.02.053.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G. Elden, M. Celik, G. Genc, and H. Yapici, “The effects of temperature on transport phenomena in phosphoric acid doped polybenzimidazole polymer membrane fuel cell,” Energy, vol. 103, pp. 772–783, 2016.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• B. Sezgin, D. G. Caglayan, Y. Devrim, T. Steenberg, and I. Eroglu, “Modeling and sensitivity analysis of high temperature PEM fuel cells by using comsol multiphysics,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 41, pp. 10001–10009, 2016. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.03.142.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D. G. Caglayan, B. Sezgin, Y. Devrim, and I. Eroglu, “Three-dimensional modeling of a high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell at different operation temperatures,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 41, pp. 10060–10070, 2016. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.03.049.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R. Taccani and N. Zuliani, “Effect of flow field design on performances of high temperature PEM fuel cells: Experimental analysis,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 36, pp. 10282–10287, 2011. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.10.026.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D. Singdeo, T. Dey, S. Gaikwad, S. J. Andreasen, and P. C. Ghosh, “A new modified serpentine flow field for application in high temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cell,” Appl. Energy, vol. 195, pp. 13–22, 2017. DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.03.022.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D. Weng, J. S. Wainright, U. Landau, and R. F. Savinell, “Electro-osmotic drag coefficient of water and methanol in polymer electrolytes at elevated temperatures,” J. Electrochem. Soc., vol. 143, pp. 1260–1263, 1996. DOI: 10.1149/1.1836626.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar