Heat transfer in 3-D air gap between garment and body surface

References

• Z. L. Wang, J. Li, and M. Tian, “Thermal protective performance evaluation of fire proof garment eliminating air gaps effect based on computational fluid dynamics simulation,” J. Fire S., vol. 33, no. 6, pp. 445–458, 2015. DOI: 10.1177/0734904115608863.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• X. Xiao, J. Hu, and T. Hua, “Through-thickness air permeability of woven fabric under low pressure compression,” Text Res. J., vol. 85, no. 16, pp. 1–11, 2015. DOI: 10.1177/0040517515569526.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• P. Fontana, et al., “Thermo-physiological impact of different firefighting protective clothing ensembles in a hot environment,” Text Res. J., vol. 88, no. 7, pp. 744–753, 2018. DOI: 10.1177/0040517516688629.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• P. Talukdar, D. A. Torvi, C. J. Simonson, and C. M. J. Sawcyn, “Coupled CFD and radiation simulation of air gaps in bench top protective fabric tests,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., vol. 53, no. 1–3, pp. 526–539, 2010. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2009.04.041.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C. M. J. Sawcyn and D. A. Torvi, “Improving heat transfer models of air gaps in bench top tests of thermal protective fabrics,” Text Res. J., vol. 79, no. 7, pp. 632–644, 2009. DOI: 10.1177/0040517508093415.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Ghazy and D. J. Bergstrom, “Numerical simulation of heat transfer in firefighters’ protective clothing with multiple air gaps during flash fire exposure,” Num. Heat Transf. A Appl., vol. 61, no. 8, pp. 569–593, 2012. DOI: 10.1080/10407782.2012.666932.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Ghazy and D. J. Bergstrom, “Numerical simulation of the influence of fabric’s motion on protective clothing performance during flash fire exposure,” Heat Mass Transf., vol. 49, no. 6, pp. 775–788, 2013. DOI: 10.1007/s00231-013-1123-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Y. Su, J. He, and J. Li, “An improved model to analyze radiative heat transfer in flame resistant fabrics exposed to low-level radiation,” Text Res. J., vol. 87, no. 16, pp. 1953–1967, 2017. DOI: 10.1177/0040517516660892.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Udayraj, P. Talukdar, and A. Das, “Numerical modelling of heat transfer and fluid motion in air gap between clothing and human body: Effect of air gap orientation and body movement,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., vol. 108, pp. 271–291, 2017. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2016.12.016..
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Y. Yan Jiang, et al., “An integrated numerical simulator for thermal performance assessments of firefighters’ protective clothing,” Fire Saf. J., vol. 45, no. 5, pp. 314–326, 2010. DOI: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2010.06.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Y. Wang, Z. Wang, X. Zhang, M. Wang, and J. Li, “CFD simulation of naked flame manikin tests of fire proof garments,” Fire Saf. J., vol. 71, pp. 187–193, 2015. DOI: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2014.11.020.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Tian, Z. L. Wang, and J. Li, “3D numerical simulation of heat transfer through simplified protective clothing during fire exposure by CFD,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., vol. 93, pp. 314–321, 2016. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2015.09.027.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H. Q. Huang, P. Y. Mok, Y. L. Kwok, and J. S. Au, “Block pattern generation: From parameterizing human bodies to fit feature-aligned and flattenable 3D garments,” Comput. Indust., vol. 63, no. 7, pp. 680–691, 2012. DOI: 10.1016/j.compind.2012.04.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. H. Jia and Y. J. Zhang, “Heat flux and pressure reduction using aerospike and counterfowing jet on complex hypersonic flow,” Int. J. Aeronaut. Space Sci., vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 337–346, 2020. DOI: 10.1007/s42405-019-00227-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G. Zhu, D. Kremenakova, Y. Wang, J. Militky, R. Mishra, and J. Wiener, “3D numerical simulation of laminar flow and conjugate heat transfer through fabric,” Autex Res. J., vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 53–60, 2017. DOI: 10.1515/aut-2015-0052.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• P. R. Rautaheimo, “Developments in turbulence modelling with Reynolds-averaged Navier Stokes equations,” PhD Dissertation, Finnish Academies Technology, 2001, pp. 17–19.
   Google Scholar
• D. C. Wilcox, Turbulence Modelling for CFD, 3rd ed. California: DCW industries Inc, 2006, pp. 243–249.
   Google Scholar
• M. F. Modest, Radiative Heat Transfer, 2nd ed. San Diego: Academic Press, 2003, pp. 55–58.
   Google Scholar
• W. A. Fiveland, “Three-dimensional radiative heat-transfer solutions by the discrete-ordinates method,” J. Thermop. Heat Transf., vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 309–316, 1988. DOI: 10.2514/3.105.
   Google Scholar
• CFD++ User Manual. Metacomp Technologies Inc, Agoura Hills, CA. 2013.
   Google Scholar
• J. H. Jia, D. B. Fu, and Z. P. He, “Aerodynamic interactions of a Reusable Launch Vehicle model with different nose configurations,” Acta Astronaut., vol. 177, pp. 58–65, 2020. DOI: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2020.07.022.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. S. Santos, D. Oliveira, J. B. L. M. Campos, and T. S. Mayor, “Numerical analysis of the flow and heat transfer in cylindrical clothing microclimates: Influence of the microclimate thickness ratio,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., vol. 117, pp. 71–79, 2018. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.09.102.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. Li, Z. Zhang, and Y. Wang, “The relationship between air gap sizes and clothing heat transfer performance,” J. Text I, vol. 104, no. 12, pp. 1327–1336, 2013. DOI: 10.1080/00405000.2013.802080.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar