References
- D. R. Athey , A Mathematical Model for Fluid Flow in a Weld Pool at High Currents , J. Fluid Mech. , vol. 98 , no. 4 , pp. 787 – 803 , 1980 .
- G. M. Oreper , T. W. Eager , and J. Szekely , Convection in Arc Weld Pools , Weld. J. Res. Suppl. , vol. 62 , no. 11 , pp. p307s–312s p, 1983 .
- G. M. Oreper and J. Szekely , Heat and Fluid Flow Phenomena in Weld Pools , J. Fluid Meek. , vol. 147 , no. 10 , pp. 53 – 79 , 1984 .
- Sindo Kou and D. K. Sun , Fluid Flow and Weld Penetration in Stationary Arc Weld , Metall. Trans. A , vol. 16A , pp. 203 – 213 , 1985 .
- Sindo Kou and Y. H. Wang , Weld Pool Convection and Its Effect , Weld. J. Res. Suppl. , vol. 65 , no. 3 , pp. p63s–70s p, 1986 .
- Sindo Kou and Y. H. Wang , Computer Simulation of Convection in Moving Arc Weld Pools , Metall. Trans. A , vol. 17A , pp. 2271 – 2277 , 1986 .
- T. Zacharia , A. H. Eraslan , D. K. Aidun , and S. A. David , Three-Dimensional Transient Model for Arc Welding Process , Metall. Trans. B , vol. 20B , pp. 645 – 659 , 1989 .
- Y. P. Lei and Y. W. Shi , Numerical Treatment of the Boundary Conditions and Source Terms on a Spot Welding Process with Combining Buoyancy-Marangoni-Driven Flow , Numer. Heat Transfer Part B , vol. 26 , pp. 455 – 471 , 1994 .
- R. T. C. Choo and J. Szekely , The Effect of Gas Shear Stress on Marangoni Flows in Arc Welding , Weld. J. Res. Suppl. , pp. p223s–233s p, |mnSept.|mn 1991 .
- R. T. C. Choo , J. Szekely , and R. C. Westhoff , Modeling of High-Current Arcs with Emphasis on Free Surface Phenomena in the Weld Pool , Weld. J. Res. Suppl. , pp. p346s–361s p, |mnSept|mn. 1990 .
- R. T. C. Choo , J, Szekely, and R. C. Westhoff , On the Calculation of the Free Surface Temperature of Gas-Tungsten-Arc Weld Pools from First Principles Part I, Modeling the Welding Arc , Metall. Trans. B , vol. 23B , pp. 357 – 369 , 1992 .
- R. T. C. Choo , J. Szekely , and R. C. Westhoff , On the Calculation of the Free Surface Temperature of Gas-Tungsten-Arc Weld Pools from First Principles Part II, Modeling the Weld Pool and Comparison with Experiments , Metall. Trans. B , vol. 23B , pp. 371 – 384 , |mnJune|mn 1992 .
- S. Yokoya and A. Matsunawa , Heat and Mass Transfer and Their Effect on Penetration Shape in Stationary TIG Arc Weld Pool , Trans. Jpn. Welding Soc , vol. 24 , no. 1 , pp. 1 – 9 , 1993 .
- S. D. Kim and S. J. Na , Effect of Weld Pool Deformation on Weld Penetration in Stationary Gas Tungsten Arc Welding , Weld. J. Res. Suppl. , pp. p179s–193s p, |mnMay|mn 1992 .
- J. W. Kim , S. J. Na , A study on Three-Dimensional Analysis of Heat and Fluid Flow in Gas Metal Arc Welding Using Boundary-Fitted Coordinates , Trans. ASME J. Eng. Ind. , pp. 78 – 85 , Feb. 1994 .
- D. B. Spalding , J. Math. Comput. Simulation , vol. XIII , p. 267 , 1981 .
- S. Y. Lee , A Study on Numerical Analysis of Welding Arc and Molten Pool Considering Electrode Angle in Stationary TIG Welding , Ph.D. Thesis , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , South Korea , May 1994 .
- P. Sahoo , T. DebRoy , and M. T. McNallan , Surface Tension of Binary Metal Surface Active Solute Systems Under Conditions Relevant to Welding Metallurgy , Metall. Trans. B , vol. 19B , pp. 483 – 491 , 1988 .
- T. Zacharia , S. A. David , J. M. Vitek , and T. Debroy , Weld Pool Development During GTA and Laser Beam Welding of Type 304 Stainless Steel, Part I, Theoretical Analysis , Weld. J. Res. Suppl. , pp. 499s – 509s , 1989 .
- J. Goldak , M. Bibby , J. Moore , and B. Patel , Computer Modeling of Heat Flow in Welds , Metall. Trans. , vol. 17B , pp. 587 – 600 , 1986 .
- Y. S. Touloukian , Thermophysical Properties of High Temperature Solid Materials , vol. 3 , Macmillan , New York , 1967 .
- T. Ohji and K. Nishiguchi , Mathematical Modeling of Molten Pool in Arc Welding of Thin Plate , IIW Doc.211-555-83 , 1988 .
- S. V. Patankar , Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow , McGraw-Hill , New York , 1980 .
- S. Y. Lee and S. J. Na , A Numerical Analysis of a Stationary Gas Tungsten Welding Arc Considering Various Electrode Angles , Weld. J. Res. Suppl. , pp. 269s–279s , |mnSept|mn. 1996 .
- Address correspondence to Professor Suck-Joo Na, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Kusong-dong 373-1, Yusong-gu, Taejon, 305-701 Korea. E-mail: [email protected]