727
Views
12
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

HPLC-DAD Determination of CNS-Acting Drugs in Human Blood, Plasma, and Serum

, &
Pages 68-106 | Published online: 28 Oct 2013

REFERENCES

  • Aebi, B., Sturny-Jungo, R., Bernhard, W., Blanke, R., and Hirsch, R., 2002. Quantitation Using GC-TOF-MS: Example of Bromazepam, Forensic Sci. Int. 128 (1–2) (2002), pp. 84–89.
  • Asuero, A. G., Sayago, A., and González, A. G., 2006. The Correlation Coefficient: An Overview, Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem. 36 (1) (2006), pp. 41–59.
  • Asuero, A. G., and Gonzalez, G., 2007. Fitting Straight Lines with Replicated Observations by Linear Regression. III. Weighting Data, Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem. 37 (3) (2007), pp. 143–172.
  • Barri, T., and Jönsson, J. Å., 2004. Supported Liquid Membrane Work-Up of Blood Plasma Samples Coupled On-Line to Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Basic Antidepressant Drugs, Chromatographia 59 (3–4) (2004), pp. 161–165.
  • Bowers, L. D., 1998. Analytical Goals in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Clin. Chem. 44 (2) (1998), pp. 375–380.
  • Broecker, S., Pragst, F., Bakdash, A., Herre, S., and Tsokos, M., 2011. Combined Use of Liquid Chromatography-Hybrid Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Photodiode Array Detector (HPLC-DAD) in Systematic Toxicological Analysis, Forensic Sci. Int. 212 (1–3) (2011), pp. 215–226.
  • Bugamelli, F., Sabbioni, C., Mandrioli, R., Kenndler, E., Albani, F., and Raggi, M. A., 2002. Simultaneous Analysis of Six Antiepileptic Drugs and Two Selected Metabolites in Human Plasma by Liquid Chromatography after Solid-Phase Extraction, Anal. Chim. Acta 472 (1–2) (2002), pp. 1–10.
  • Bugey, A., and Staub, C., 2004. Rapid Analysis of Benzodiazepines in Whole Blood by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Use of a Monolithic Column, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 35 (3) (2004), pp. 555–562.
  • Cantú, M. D., Toso, D. R., Lacerda, C. A., Lanças, F. M., Carrilho, E., and Queiroz, M. E. C., 2006. Optimization of Solid-Phase Microextraction Procedures for the Determination of Tricyclic Antidepressants and Anticonvulsants in Plasma Samples by Liquid Chromatography, Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 386 (2) (2006), pp. 256–263.
  • Dams, R., Benijts, T. H. P., Lambert, W. E., Van Bocxlaer, J. F., Van Varenbergh, D., Van Peteghem, C., and De Leenheer, A. P., 2001. A Fatal Case of Serotonin Syndrome after Combined Moclobemide-Citalopram Intoxication, J. Anal. Toxicol. 25 (2) (2001), pp. 147–151.
  • De Castro, A., Ramirez Fernández, M. M., Laloup, M., Samyn, N., De Boeck, G., Wood, M., Maes, V., and López-Rivadulla, M., 2007. High-Throughput On-Line Solid-Phase Extraction-Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for the Simultaneous Analysis of 14 Antidepressants and Their Metabolites in Plasma, J. Chromatogr. A 1160 (1–2) (2007), pp. 3–12.
  • De Zeeuw, R. A., 1997. Drug Screening in Biological Fluids. The Need for a Systematic Approach, J. Chromatogr. B 689 (1) (1997), pp. 71–79.
  • Drummer, O. H., 1998. Methods for the Measurement of Benzodiazepines in Biological Samples, J. Chromatogr. B 713 (1) (1998), pp. 201–225.
  • Drummer, O. H., 2007. Requirements for Bioanalytical Procedures in Postmortem Toxicology, Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 388 (5) (2007), pp. 1495–1503.
  • Duverneuil, C., De la Grandmaison, G. L., De Mazancourt, P., and Alvarez, J. C., 2003. A High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Method with Photodiode-Array UV Detection for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of the Nontricyclic Antidepressant Drugs, Ther. Drug Monit. 25 (5) (2003), pp. 565–573.
  • El Mahjoub, A., and Staub, C., 2000. Simultaneous Determination of Benzodiazepines in Whole Blood or Serum by HPLC/DAD with a Semi-Micro Column, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 23 (2–3) (2000), pp. 447–458.
  • Es’haghi, Z., 2011. "Photodiode Array Detection in Clinical Applications; Quantitative Analyte Assay Advantages, Limitations and Disadvantages". In: Shi, J.-W., ed. Photodiodes—Communications, Bio-Sensings, Measurements and High-Energy Physics. New York: InTech; 2011. p. 166, ch. 9.
  • Fernández, P., Vázquez, C., Lorenzo, R. A., Carro, A. M., and Bermejo, A. M., 2010. Development of a Liquid Chromatographic Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Six Benzodiazepines in Human Plasma after Solid-Phase Extraction, Anal. Lett. 43 (6) (2010), pp. 1075–1084.
  • Figueiredo, E. C., Sparrapan, R., Sanvido, G. B., Santos, M. G., Arruda, M. A. Z., and Eberlin, M. N., 2011. Quantitation of Drugs via Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Solid Phase Extraction and Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry: Benzodiazepines in Human Plasma, Analyst 136 (18) (2011), pp. 3753–3757.
  • Frahnert, C., Rao, M. L., and Grasmäder, K., 2003. Analysis of Eighteen Antidepressants, Four Atypical Antipsychotics and Active Metabolites in Serum by Liquid Chromatography: A Simple Tool for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, J. Chromatogr. B 794 (1) (2003), pp. 35–47.
  • Gaulier, J. M., Marquet, P., Lacassie, E., Desroches, R., and Lachatre, G., 2000. High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Tianeptine in Plasma Applied to Pharmacokinetic Studies, J. Chromatogr. B 748 (2) (2000), pp. 407–414.
  • Ghambarian, M., Yamini, Y., and Esrafili, A., 2012. Three-Phase Hollow Fiber Microextraction Based on Two Immiscible Organic Solvents for Determination of Tricyclic Antidepressant Drugs: Comparison with Conventional Three-Phase Hollow Fiber Microextraction, J. Chromatogr. A 1222 (2012), pp. 5–12.
  • Gioino, G., Hansen, C., Pacchioni, A., Rocca, F., Molina Barrios, S., Brocca, E., and Cancela, L. M., 2003. Use of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode-Array Detection after a Primary Drug Screening in Patients Admitted to the Emergency Department, Ther. Drug Monit. 25 (1) (2003), pp. 99–106.
  • Gomółka, E., Wilimowska, J., Sulka, A., Gawlikowski, T., and Morawska, A., 2010. Application of the EMIT and HPLC-DAD Methods to Determination of the Concentration of Benzodiazepines in the Serum of Poisoned Patients, Probl. Forensic Sci. 82 (2010), pp. 161–172.
  • Gonzalez, A. G., Herrador, M. A., Asuero, A. G., and Sayago, A., 2006. The Correlation Coefficient Attacks Again, Accred. Qual. Assur. 11 (5) (2006), pp. 256–258.
  • Greenaway, C., Ratnaraj, N., Sander, J. W., and Patsalos, P. N. A, 2010. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Assay to Monitor the New Antiepileptic Drug Lacosamide in Patients with Epilepsy, Ther. Drug Monit. 32 (4) (2010), pp. 448–452, .
  • Greiner-Sosanko, E., Giannoutsos, S., Lower, D. R., Virji, M. A., and Krasowski, M. D., 2007. Drug Monitoring: Simultaneous Analysis of Lamotrigine, Oxcarbazepine, 10-Hydroxycarbazepine, and Zonisamide by HPLC-UV and a Rapid GC Method Using a Nitrogen-Phosphorus Detector for Levetiracetam, J. Chromatogr. Sci. 45 (9) (2007), pp. 616–622.
  • Hackett, J., and Elian, A. A., 2006. Extraction and Analysis of Flunitrazepam/7-Aminoflunitrazepam in Blood and Urine by LC-PDA and GC-MS Using Butyl SPE Columns, Forensic Sci. Int. 157 (2–3) (2006), pp. 156–162.
  • Hackett, J., and Elian, A. A., 2007. Extraction and Analysis of Clonazepam and 7-Aminoclonazepam in Whole Blood Using a Dual Internal Standard Methodology, Forensic Sci. Int. 166 (2–3) (2007), pp. 209–217.
  • Heideloff, C., Bunch, C. R., and Wang, S., 2010. A Novel HPLC Method for Quantification of 10 Antiepileptic Drugs or Metabolites in Serum/Plasma Using a Monolithic Column, Ther. Drug Monit. 32 (1) (2010), pp. 102–106.
  • Herzler, M., Pragst, F., Herre, S., and Rothe, M., 2000. Selectivity of Photodiode Array UV Spectra for Substance Identification in Systematic Toxicological Analysis, Probl. Forensic Sci. 42 (2000), pp. 122–129.
  • Herzler, M., Herre, S., and Pragst, F., 2003. Selectivity of Substance Identification by HPLC-DAD in Toxicological Analysis Using a UV Spectra Library of 2682 Compounds, J. Anal. Toxicol. 27 (4) (2003), pp. 233–242.
  • Johannessen, S. I., and Tomson, T., 2006. Pharmacokinetic Variability of Newer Antiepileptic Drugs: When Is Monitoring Needed?, Clin. Pharmacokinet. 45 (11) (2006), pp. 1061–1075.
  • Kadıoğlu, Y., Demirkaya, F., and Capan, Y., 2005. Simultaneous Determination of Carbamazepine in Human Plasma by HPLC-DAD: Assay Development, Validation and Application to a Clinical Study, Anal. Chem. Indian J. 1 (1–2) (2005), pp. 36–41.
  • Kang, J., Park, Y. S., Kim, S. H., Kim, S. H., and Jun, M. Y., 2011. Modern Methods for Analysis of Antiepileptic Drugs in the Biological Fluids for Pharmacokinetics, Bioequivalence and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Korean J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 15 (2) (2011), pp. 67–81.
  • Kroener, L., Musshoff, F., and Madea, B., 2003. Evaluation of Immunochemical Drug Screenings of Whole Blood Samples. A Retrospective Optimization of Cutoff Levels after Confirmation—Analysis on GC-MS and HPLC-DAD, J. Anal. Toxicol. 27 (4) (2003), pp. 205–212.
  • Lancelin, F., Franchon, E., Kraoul, L., Garciau, I., Brovedani, S., Tabaouti, K., Landré, E., Chassoux, F., Paubel, P., and Piketty, M. L., 2007. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Levetiracetam by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Photodiode Array Ultraviolet Detection: Preliminary Observations on Correlation between Plasma Concentration and Clinical Response in Patients with Refractory Epilepsy, Ther. Drug Monit. 29 (5) (2007), pp. 576–583.
  • Lancelin, F., Djebrani, K., Tabaouti, K., Kraoul, L., Brovedani, S., Paubel, P., and Piketty, M. L., 2008. Development and Validation of a High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Method Using Diode Array Detection for the Simultaneous Quantification of Aripiprazole and Dehydro-Aripiprazole in Human Plasma, J. Chromatogr. B 867 (1) (2008), pp. 15–19.
  • Li, S. F., Wu, H. L., Yu, Y. J., Li, Y. N., Nie, J. F., Fu, H. Y., and Yu, R. Q., 2010. Quantitative Analysis of Levodopa, Carbidopa and Methyldopa in Human Plasma Samples Using HPLC-DAD Combined with Second-Order Calibration Based on Alternating Trilinear Decomposition Algorithm, Talanta 81 (3) (2010), pp. 805–812.
  • Linden, R., Antunes, M. V., Ziulkoski, A. L., Wingert, M., Tonello, P., Tzvetkov, M., and Souto, A. A., 2008. Determination of Amitriptyline and Its Main Metabolites in Human Plasma Samples Using HPLC-DAD: Application to the Determination of Metabolic Ratios after Single Oral Dose of Amitriptyline, J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 19 (1) (2008), pp. 35–41.
  • Linnet, K., Steentoft, A., Simonsen, K. W., Sabers, A., and Hansen, S. H., 2008. An Oxcarbazepine-Related Fatality with an Overview of 26 Oxcarbazepine Postmortem Cases, Forensic Sci. Int. 177 (2–3) (2008), pp. 248–251.
  • Llorca, P. M., Coudore, F., Corpelet, C., Buyens, A., Hoareau, M., and Eschalier, A., 2001. Integration of Olanzapine Determinations in a HPLC-Diode Array Detection System for Routine Psychotropic Drug Monitoring, Clin. Chem. 47 (9) (2001), pp. 1719–1721.
  • Madej, K., and Kościelniak, P., 2008. Review of Analytical Methods for Identification and Determination of PHEs and Tricyclic Antidepressants, Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem. 38 (2) (2008), pp. 50–66.
  • Madej, K., Kała, M., and Woźniakiewicz, M., 2003a. Analysis of Promazine in Biological Fluids by HPLC and MECC with Spectrophotometric Detection in Two Cases of Fatal Poisoning, Probl. Forensic Sci. 56 (2003a), pp. 15–23.
  • Madej, K., Parczewski, A., and Kała, M., 2003b. HPLC/DAD Screening Method for Selected Psychotropic Drugs in Blood, Toxicol. Mech. Methods 13 (2) (2003b), pp. 121–127.
  • Madej, K., Biedroń, A., and Garbacik, A., 2009. Study of Separation and Extraction Conditions for Five Neuroleptic Drugs by an LLE-HPLC-DAD Method in Human Plasma, J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol. 32 (20) (2009), pp. 3025–3037.
  • Mercolini, L., Mandrioli, R., Amore, M., and Raggi, M. A., 2010. Simultaneous HPLC-F Analysis of Three Recent Antiepileptic Drugs in Human Plasma, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 53 (1) (2010), pp. 62–67.
  • Minkiewicz, P., Dziuba, J., Darewicz, M., and Nalęcz, D., 2006. Application of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography On-Line with Ultraviolet/Visible Spectroscopy in Food Science, Pol. J. Food Nutr. Sci. 15 (SI1) (2006), pp. 145–153.
  • Nakamura, M., 2011. Analyses of Benzodiazepines and Their Metabolites in Various Biological Matrices by LC-MS(/MS), Biomed. Chromatogr. 25 (12) (2011), pp. 1283–1307.
  • Nikolin, B., Imamović, B., Medanhodzić-Vuk, S., and Sober, M., 2004. High Perfomance Liquid Chromatography in Pharmaceutical Analyses, Bosn. J. Basic Med. Sci. 4 (2) (2004), pp. 5–9.
  • Olanow, C. W., and Schapira, A. H. V., 2011. "Parkinson's Disease and Other Movement Disorders". In: Longo, D. L., Fauci, A. S., Kasper, D. L., Hauser, S. L., Jameson, J. L., and Loscalzo, J., eds. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. Vol. II. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2011. pp. 3317–3335.
  • Pacher, P., and Kecskemeti, V., 2004. Cardiovascular Side Effects of New Antidepressants and Antipsychotics: New Drugs, Old Concerns?, Curr. Pharm. Des. 10 (20) (2004), pp. 2463–2475.
  • Pawliszyn, J, 2003. Sample Preparation: Quo Vadis?, Anal. Chem. 75 (11) (2003), pp. 2543–2558.
  • Pok, P. R., Maraus, M., De Saint Léger, M. N., Kuhlmann, E., Charpenel-Durat, C., Navarette, C., Duval, M. L., and De Meo, P., 2010. Blood Concentration of Clobazam and Norclobazam in a Lethal Case Involving Clobazam, Meprobamate and Clorazepate, Leg. Med. 12 (6) (2010), pp. 300–304.
  • Porter, S. E. G., Stoll, D. R., Paek, C., Rutan, S. C., and Carr, P. W., 2006. Fast Gradient Elution Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography with Diode-Array Detection as a High-Throughput Screening Method for Drugs of Abuse II. Data Analysis, J. Chromatogr. A 1137 (2) (2006), pp. 163–172, .
  • Pragst, F., Herzler, M., and Erxleben, B. T., 2004. Systematic Toxicological Analysis by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detection (HPLC-DAD), Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. 42 (11) (2004), pp. 1325–1340.
  • Proença, P., Texeira, H., Pinheiro, J., Marques, E. P., and Vieira, D. N., 2004. Forensic Intoxication with Clobazam: HPLC/DAD/MSD Analysis, Forensic Sci. Int. 143 (2–3) (2004), pp. 205–209.
  • Pucci, V., Bugamelli, F., Mandrioli, R., Ferranti, A., Kenndler, E., and Raggi, M. A., 2004. High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Levetiracetam in Human Plasma: Comparison of Different Sample Clean-Up procedures, Biomed. Chromatogr. 18 (1) (2004), pp. 37–44.
  • Raggi, M. A., Bugamelli, F., Sabbioni, C., Saracino, M. A., and Petio, C., 2005. HPLC-DAD Determination of Plasma Levels of the Antipsychotic Risperidone and Its Main Metabolite for Toxicological Purposes, J. Sep. Sci. 28 (3) (2005), pp. 245–250.
  • Remane, D., Meyer, M. R., Wissenbach, D. K., and Maurer, H. H., 2011. Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatographic-Tandem Mass Spectrometric Multi-Analyte Procedure for Target Screening and Quantification in Human Blood Plasma: Validation and Application for 31 Neuroleptics, 28 Benzodiazepines, and Z-Drugs, Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 401 (4) (2011), pp. 1341–1352.
  • Riordon, J. R., 2000. Diode Array Detectors for HPLC—High Performance across the Spectrum, Anal. Chem. 72 (13) (2000), pp. 483A–487A.
  • Rizzo, M., 2000. Chromatographic Separation of 2,3-Benzodiazepines, J. Chromatogr. B 747 (1–2) (2000), pp. 203–216.
  • Sabbioni, C., Bugamelli, F., Varani, G., Mercolini, L., Musenga, A., Saracino, M. A., Fanali, S., and Raggi, M. A., 2004. A Rapid HPLC-DAD Method for the Analysis of Fluoxetine and Norfluoxetine in Plasma from Overdose Patients, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 36 (2) (2004), pp. 351–356.
  • Saint-Marcoux, F., Lachâtre, G., and Marquet, P., 2003. Evaluation of an Improved General Unknown Screening Procedure Using Liquid-Chromatography-Electrospray-Mass Spectrometry by Comparison with Gas Chromatography and High-Performance Liquid-Chromatography-Diode Array Detection, J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 14 (1) (2003), pp. 14–22.
  • Salazar Cavazos, M. L., Torres de la Cruz, V., and Waksman de Torres, N., 2005. Simultaneous Determination of Anticonvulsants and Their Principal Metabolites by HPLC, J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol. 28 (5) (2005), pp. 693–704.
  • Samanidou, V. F., Uddin, M. N., and Papadoyannis, I. N., 2009. Benzodiazepines: Sample Preparation and HPLC Methods for Their Determination in Biological Samples, Bioanalysis 1 (4) (2009), pp. 755–784.
  • Santagati, N. A., Gotti, R., and Ronsisvalle, G., 2005. Simultaneous Determination of Phenytoin and Dextromethorphan in Urine by Solid-Phase Extraction and HPLC-DAD, J. Sep. Sci. 28 (11) (2005), pp. 1157–1162.
  • Saracino, M. A., Bugamelli, F., Conti, M., Amore, M., and Raggi, M. A., 2007a. Rapid HPLC Analysis of the Antiepileptic Lamotrigine and Its Metabolites in Human Plasma, J. Sep. Sci. 30 (14) (2007a), pp. 2249–2255.
  • Saracino, M. A., Koukopoulos, A., Sani, G., Amore, M., and Raggi, M. A., 2007b. Simultaneous High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Olanzapine and Lamotrigine in Plasma of Bipolar Patients, Ther. Drug Monit. 29 (6) (2007b), pp. 773–780.
  • Saracino, M. A., Petio, C., Vitali, M., Franchini, L., and Raggi, M. A., 2009. Determination of Orphenadrine Plasma Levels Using HPLC with Diode Array Detection and a Novel Solid-Phase Extraction Procedure in Psychiatric Patients, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal 50 (3) (2009), pp. 501–506.
  • Saracino, M. A., Marcheselli, C., Somaini, L., Gerra, G., De Stefano, F., Pieri, M. C., and Raggi, M. A., 2010. Simultaneous Determination of Disulfiram and Bupropion in Human Plasma of Alcohol and Nicotine Abusers, Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 398 (5) (2010), pp. 2155–2161.
  • Sauvage, F. L., Saint-Marcoux, F., Duretz, B., Deporte, D., Lachatre, G., and Marquet, P., 2006. Screening of Drugs and Toxic Compounds with Liquid Chromatography-Linear Ion Trap Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Clin. Chem. 52 (9) (2006), pp. 1735–1742.
  • Sayago, A., Boccio, M., and Asuero, A. G., 2004. Fitting Straight Lines with Replicated Observations by Linear Regression: The Least Squares Postulates, Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem. 34 (1) (2004), pp. 39–50.
  • Schulze-Bonhage, A, 2011. Brivaracetam for the Treatment of Epilepsy, Expert Opin. Pharmacother. 12 (12) (2011), pp. 1959–1966.
  • Sporkert, F., Augsburger, M., Giroud, C., Brossard, C., Eap, C. B., and Mangin, P., 2007. Determination and Distribution of Clotiapine (Entumine®) in Human Plasma, Post-Mortem Blood and Tissue Samples from Clotiapine-Treated Patients and from Autopsy Cases, Forensic Sci. Int. 170 (2–3) (2007), pp. 193–199.
  • Stoll, D. R., Paek, C., and Carr, P. W., 2006. Fast Gradient Elution Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography with Diode-Array Detection as a High-Throughput Screening Method for Drugs of Abuse I. Chromatographic Conditions, J. Chromatogr. A 1137 (2) (2006), pp. 153–162.
  • Swartz, M, 2010. HPLC Detectors: A Brief Review, J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol. 33 (9–12) (2010), pp. 1130–1150.
  • Tang, H., Xiao, C., and Wang, Y., 2009. Important Roles of the Hyphenated HPLC-DAD-MS-SPE-NMR Technique in Metabonomics, Magn. Reson. Chem. 47 (S1) (2009), pp. S157–S162.
  • Ter Horst, P. G. J., Foudraine, N. A., Cuypers, G., van Dijk, E. A., and Oldenhof, N. J. J., 2003. Simultaneous Determination of Levomepromazine, Midazolam and Their Major Metabolites in Human Plasma by Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography, J. Chromatogr. B 791 (1–2) (2003), pp. 389–398.
  • Titier, K., Bouchet, S., Péhourcq, F., Moore, N., and Molimard, M., 2003a. High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method with Diode Array Detection to Identify and Quantify Atypical Antipsychotics and Haloperidol in Plasma after Overdose, J. Chromatogr. B 788 (1) (2003a), pp. 179–185.
  • Titier, K., Castaing, N., Scotto-Gomez, E., Pehourcq, F., Moore, N., and Molimard, M., 2003b. High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method with Diode Array Detection for Identification and Quantification of the Eight New Antidepressants and Five of Their Active Metabolites in Plasma after Overdose, Ther. Drug Monit. 25 (5) (2003b), pp. 581–587.
  • Tomomi, I., Kudo, K., Hayashida, M., and Ikeda, N., 2009. Rapid and Quantitative Screening Method for 43 Benzodiazepines and Their Metabolites, Zolpidem and Zopiclone in Human Plasma by Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry with a Small Particle Column, J. Chromatogr. B 877 (25) (2009), pp. 2652–2657.
  • Uddin, M. N., Samaniodou, V. F., and Papadoyannis, I. N., 2008a. Development and Validation of an HPLC Method for the Determination of Six 1,4-Benzodiazepines in Pharmaceuticals and Human Biological Fluids, J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol. 31 (9) (2008a), pp. 1258–1282.
  • Uddin, M. N., Samaniodou, V. F., and Papadoyannis, I. N., 2008b. Validation of SPE-HPLC Determination of 1,4-Benzodiazepines and Metabolites in Blood, Plasma, Urine and Saliva, J. Sep. Sci. 31 (21) (2008b), pp. 3704–3717, .
  • Uddin, M. N., Samaniodou, V. F., and Papadoyannis, I. N., 2009. HPLC Method for Simultaneous Determination of 1,4-Benzodiazepines and Tricyclic Antidepressants in Pharmaceutical Formulations and Saliva—A Useful Tool in Medicinal Chemistry, J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol. 32 (10) (2009), pp. 1475–1504.
  • Uddin, M. N., Samanidou, V. F., and Papadoyannis, I. N., 2011. Bio-Sample Preparation and Analytical Methods for the Determination of Tricyclic Antidepressants, Bioanalysis 3 (1) (2011), pp. 97–118.
  • Van Gyseghem, E., Jimidar, M., Sneyers, R., Redlich, D., Verhoeven, E., Massart, D. L., and Vander Heyden, Y., 2005. Orthogonality and Similarity within Silica-Based Reversed-Phased Chromatographic Systems, J. Chromatogr A 1074 (1–2) (2005), pp. 117–131.
  • Vermeij, T. A. C., and Edelbroek, P. M., 2007. Robust Isocratic High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method for Simultaneous Determination of Seven Antiepileptic Drugs Including Lamotrigine, Oxcarbazepine and Zonisamide in Serum after Solid-Phase Extraction, J. Chromatogr. B 857 (1) (2007), pp. 40–46.
  • Wietecha-Posłuszny, R., Woźniakiewicz, M., Garbacik, A., and Kościelniak, P., 2007. Application of Microwave-Assisted Extraction in Isolation of Psychotropic Drugs from Biological Material, Probl. Forensic Sci. 70 (2007), pp. 187–197.
  • Wolfender, J. L., 2009. HPLC in Natural Product Analysis: The Detection Issue, Planta Med. 75 (7) (2009), pp. 719–734.
  • Woźniakiewicz, M., Kuczara, J., and Kościelniak, P., 2007. Determination of Desipramine and Nortriptyline in Blood by Means of the HPLC-DAD Method Using 7,7,8,8-Tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) as a Derivatisation Agent, Probl. Forensic Sci. 69 (2007), pp. 90–97.
  • Woźniakiewicz, M., Wietecha-Posłuszny, R., Garbacik, A., and Kościelniak, P., 2008. Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Tricyclic Antidepressants from Human Serum Followed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography Determination, J. Chromatogr A 1190 (1–2) (2008), pp. 52–56.
  • Yilmaz, B., Kadıoğlu, Y., and Aksoy, Y., 2003. Simultaneous Determination of Gemcitabine and Its Metabolite in Human Plasma by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography, J. Chromatogr. B 791 (1–2) (2003), pp. 103–109.
  • Zhang, G., Terry, A. V., and Bartlett, M. G., 2008. Bioanalytical Methods for the Determination of Antipsychotic Drugs, Biomed. Chromatogr. 22 (7) (2008), pp. 671–687.
  • Zhang, Y., Xie, W. P., Chen, C. H., and Lin, L., 2011. Rapid Screening for 61 Central Nervous System Drugs in Plasma Using Weak Cation Exchange Solid-Phase Extraction and High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detection, Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 5 (6) (2011), pp. 706–720.
  • Zufía, L., Aldaz, A., Ibánez, N., and Viteri, C. LC, 2009. Method for the Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Lamotrigine: Evaluation of the Assay Performance and Validation of Its Application in the Routine Area, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal 49 (2) (2009), pp. 547–553.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.