Current Applications of Chromatographic Methods in the Study of Human Body Fluids for Diagnosing Disorders

References

• Adel, M. S.; Geneidi, A. S.; Ali Shoukri, R.; Saad, I. In Vitro Evaluation of Flutamide-Carrier Systems. Part 1: Preparation and Evaluation of Flutamide Systems with Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone and Polyethylene Glycol 4000 and 6000. Pharmazie 1997, 52(5), 373–375.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahn, J.; Kim, D.; Kim, H.; Jahng, K. Y. Quantitative Determination of Mycotoxins in Urine by LC-MS/MS. Food Addit. Contam. Part A 2010, 27, 1674–1682.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Albersen, M.; Groenendaal, F.; van derHam, M.; de Koning, T. J.; Bosma, M.; Visser, W. F.; Visser, G.; de Sain-van der Velden, M. G. M.; Verhoeven-Duif, N. M. Vitamin B6 Vitamer Concentrations in Cerebrospinal Fluid Differ between Preterm and Term Newborn Infants. Pediatrics 2012, 130(1), e191–e198.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alsayed, R.; Al Quobaili, F.; Srour, S.; Geisel, J.; Obeid, R. Elevated Dimethylglycine in Blood of Children with Congenital Heart Defects and Their Mothers. Metabolism 2013, 62(8), 1074–1080.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alwis, K. U.; Blount, B. C.; Silva, L. K.; Smith, M. M.; Loose, K. H. Method for Quantifying Nitromethane in Blood as a Potential Biomarker of Halonitromethane Exposure. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2008, 42(7), 2522–2527.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson, N. L.; Anderson, N. G. The Human Plasma Proteome: History, Character, and Diagnostic Prospects. Mol. Cell. Proteomics 2002, 1(11), 845–867.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anoop, A.; Singh, P. K.; Jacob, R. S.; Maji, S. K. CSF Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis. Int. J. Alzheimer's Dis. 2010, 2010, 606802
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Balfe, A.; Barry, S.; Blake, O.; Canon, D.; Healy, M.; Kilbane, M.; McGing, P.; O’Kelly, R.; O’Shea, P. The Biochemistry of Body Fluids; ACBI: Dublin, Ireland, 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Barroso, M.; Gallardo, E.; Queiroz, J. A. Bioanalytical Methods for the Determination of Cocaine and Metabolites in Human Biological Samples. Bioanalysis 2009, 1(5), 977–1000.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barshop, B. A. Metabolomic Approaches to Mitochondrial Disease: Correlation of Urine Organic Acids. Mitochondrion 2004, 4(5–6), 521–527.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baumer, J. H. Evidence Based Guidelines for the Performance of the Sweat Test for the Investigation of Cystic Fibrosis in the UK. Arch. Dis. Child. 2003, 88(12), 1126–1127.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bigler, L. R.; Streckfus, C. F.; Dubinsky, W. P. Salivary Biomarkers for the Detection of Malignant Tumors That Are Remote from the Oral Cavity. Clin. Lab. Med. 2009, 29(1), 71–85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Botto, L. D.; Correa, A. Decreasing the Burden of Congenital Heart Anomalies: An Epidemiologic Evaluation of Risk Factors and Survival. Prog. Pediatr. Cardiol. 2003, 18(2), 111–121.
   Google Scholar
• Bowron, A.; Scott, J. G.; Brewer, C.; Weir, P. Increased HVA Detected on Organic Acid Analysis in a Patient with Costello Syndrome. J. Inherit. Metab. Dis. 2005, 28(6), 1155–1156.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, F.; Xue, J.; Zhou, L.; Wu, S.; Chen, Z. Identification of Serum Biomarkers of Hepatocarcinoma through Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabonomic Method. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2011a, 401(6), 1899–1904.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, T.; Xie, G.; Wang, X.; Fan, J.; Qiu, Y.; Zheng, X.; Qi, X.; Cao, Y.; Su, M.; Wang, X.; Xu, L. X.; Yen, Y.; Liu, P.; Jia, W. Serum and Urine Metabolite Profiling Reveals Potential Biomarkers of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Mol. Cell. Proteomics 2011b, 10(7), M110.004945.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, Z.-F.; Darvell, B. W.; Leung, V. W.-H. Validation of Ion Chromatography for Human Salivary Anionic Analysis. Arch. Oral Biol. 2004, 49(11), 855–862.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christanson A.; Howson, C. P.; Modell, B. March of Dimes Global Report of Birth Defects: The Hidden Toll of Dying and Disabled Children; March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation: White Plains, New York, 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Connolly, D.; Barron, L.; Paull, B. Determination of Urinary Thiocyanate and Nitrate Using Fast Ion-Interaction Chromatography. J. Chromatogr. B 2002, 767, 175–180.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cook, J. D.; Caplan, Y. H.; LoDico, C. P.; Bush, D. M. The Characterization of Human Urine for Specimen Validity Determination in Workplace Drug Testing: A Review. J. Anal. Toxicol. 2000, 24, 579–588.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Craft, N. E.; Bulux, J.; Valdez, C.; Li, Y.; Solomons N. W. Retinol Concentration in Capillary Dried Blood Spots from Healthy Volunteers: Method Validation. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2000, 72, 450–454.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curto, V. F.; Coyle, S.; Byrne, R.; Diamond, D.; Benito-Lopez, F. Real-Time Sweat Analysis: Concept and Development of an Autonomous Wearable Micro-Fluidic Platform. Procedia Eng. 2011, 25, 1561–1564.
   Google Scholar
• Del Vigna de Almeida, P.; Grégio, A. M.; Machado, M. A.; de Lima, A. A.; Azevedo, L. R. Saliva Composition and Functions: A Comprehensive Review. J. Contemp. Dent. Pract. 2008, 9(3), 72–80
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dean, L. Blood Groups and Red Cell Antigens; National Center for Biotechnology Information: Bethesda, MD: 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Demkowska, I.; Polkowska, Ż.; Kiełbratowska, B.; Namieśnik, J. Application of Ion Chromatography for the Determination of Inorganic Ions, Especially Thiocanates, in Human Semen Samples as Biomarkers of Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure. J. Anal. Toxicol. 2010, 34(9), 533–538.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Terlizzi, R.; Platt, S. R. The Function, Composition and Analysis of Cerebrospinal Fluid in Companion Animals: Part II- Analysis. Vet. J. 2009, 180(1), 15–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ediage, E. N.; Di Mavungu, J. D.; Song, S.; Wu, A.; Van Peteghem, C.; De Saeger, S. A Direct Assessment of Mycotoxin Biomarkers in Human Urine Samples by Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Anal. Chim. Acta 2012, 741, 58–69.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Serafi, I.; Terelius, Y.; Twelkmeyer, B.; Hagbjörk, A. L.; Hassan, Z.; Hassan, M. Gas Chromatographic-Mass Spectrometry Method for the Detection of Busulphan and Its Metabolites in Plasma and Urine. J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci. 2013, 913–914, 98–105.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engelhard, T.; Feller, E.; Nizri, Z. A Comparison of the Complimentary and Different Issues in ISO/IEC 17025 and OECD GLD. Accredit. Qual. Assur. 2003, 8, 208–212.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evenson, M. A.; Carmack, G. D. Clinical Chemistry. Anal. Chem. 1979, 51(5), 35R–79R.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fábián, T. K.; Fejérdy, P.; Csermely, P. Saliva. In Wiley Encyclopedia of Chemical Biology; John Wiley & Sons: Hoboken, NJ: 2007.
   Google Scholar
• Fábregas-Fernández, A.; Garciá-Montoya, E.; Pérez-Lozano, P.; Suñé-Negre, J. M.; Ticó, J.; Miñarro, M. Quality Assurance in Research: Incorporating ISO9001:2000 into a GMP Quality Management System in a Pharmaceutical R+D+I Center. Accredit. Qual. Assur. 2010, 15, 297–304.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan, J.; Hong, J.; Hu, J.-D.; Chen, J.-L. Ion Chromatography Based Urine Amino Acid Profiling Applied for Diagnosis of Gastric Cancer. Gastroenterol. Res. Pract. 2012, 2012, article 474907.
   Google Scholar
• Fishman, R. A. Cerebrospinal Fluid in Diseases of the Nervous System, 2nd ed.; W.B. Saunders: Philadelphia, 1992.
   Google Scholar
• González, N.; Iloro, I.; Durán, J. A.; Elortza, F.; Suárez, T. Evaluation of Inter-day and Inter-individual Variability of Tear Peptide/Protein Profiles by MALDI-TOF MS Analyses. Mol. Vis. 2012, 18, 1572–1582.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gooding, K. M.; Regnier, F. E. HPLC of Biological Macromolecules, rev. and expanded 2nd ed.; CRC Press: New York, 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Grases, F.; García-Ferragut, L.; Costa-Bauzá, A. Development of Calcium Oxalate Crystals on Urothelium: Effect of Free Radicals. Nephron 1998, 78(3), 296–301.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grases, F.; Perelló, J.; Isern, B.; Prieto, R. M. Determination of Myo-inoditol Hexakisphosphate (Phytate) in Urine by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry. Anal. Chim. Acta 2004, 510, 41–43.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grases, F.; Prieto, R. M.; Simonet, B. M.; March, J. G. Phytate Prevents Tissue Calcifications in Female Rats. BioFactors 2000, 11(3), 171–177.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greer, M. A.; Goodman, G.; Pleus, R. C.; Greer, S. E. Health Effects Assessment for Environmental Perchlorate Contamination: The Dose Response for Inhibition of Thyroidal Radioiodine Uptake in Humans. Environ. Health Perspect. 2002, 110(9), 927–937.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gripp, K. W.; Kawame, H.; Viskochil, D. H.; Nicholson, L. Elevated Catecholamine Metabolites in Patients with Costello Syndrome. Am. J. Med. Genet. 2004, 128A(1), 48–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gröschl, M. Current Status of Salivary Hormone Analysis. Clin. Chem. 2008, 54(11), 1759–1769.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gumustas, M.; Kurbanoglu, S.; Uslu, B.; Ozkan, S. A. UPLC versus HPLC on Drug Analysis: Advantageous, Applications and Their Validation Parameters. Chromatographia 2013, 76(21–22), 1365–1427.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo, Y.; Alomirah, H.; Cho, H. S.; Minh, T. B.; Mohd, M. A.; Nakata, H.; Kannan, K. Occurrence of Phthalate Metabolites in Human Urine from Several Asian Countries. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2011, 45(7), 3138–3144.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill, M.; Lapčik, O.; Havlíková, H.; Morfin, R.; Hampl, R. 7-Hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone Epimers in Human Serum and Saliva. Comparison of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and Radioimmunoassay. J. Chromatogr. A 2001, 935(1–2), 297–307.
   Google Scholar
• Hoffmann, G.; Aramaki, S.; Blum-Hoffmann, E.; Nyhan, W.L.; Sweetman, L. Quantitative Analysis for Organic Acids in Biological Samples: Batch Isolation Followed by Gas Chromatographic-Mass Spectrometric Aanalysis. Clin. Chem. 1989, 35, 587–595.
   Google Scholar
• Hübschmann, H. J. Handbook of GC/MS: Fundamentals and Applications, 2nd ed.; Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Huestis, M. A.; Cone, E. J.; Wong, C. J.; Umbricht, A.; Preston, K. L. Monitoring Opiate Use in Substance Abuse Treatment Patients with Sweat and Urine Drug Testing. J. Anal. Toxicol. 2000, 24(7), 509–521.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ibáñez, C.; Simó, C.; Barupal, D. K.; Fiehn, O.; Kivipelto, M.; Cedazo-Míngues, A.; Cifuentes, A. A New Metabolic Workflow for Early Detection of Alzheimer's Disease. J. Chromatogr. B 2013, 1302, 65–71.
   Google Scholar
• Jiang, M..; Liu, L.; Mei, H.; Li, X.; Cheng, J.; Cai, Y.; Zhang, W.; Mao, X.; Lu, Z. Detection of Inborn Error of Metabolisms by Urine Organic Acid GC-MS in Southern China. Int. J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. 2013, 2013(Suppl 1), P180.
   Google Scholar
• Kałużna-Czaplińska, J. Current Applications of Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry in the Study of Organic Acids in Urine. Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem. 2011a, 42(2), 114–123.
   Google Scholar
• Kałużna-Czaplińska, J. Current Medical Research with the Application of Coupled Techniques with Mass Spectrometry. Med. Sci. Monit. 2011b, 17(5), 117–123.
   Google Scholar
• Karaźniewicz-Łada, M.; Danielak, D.; Teżyk, A.; Zaba, C.; Tuffal, G.; Główka, F. HPLC-MS/MS Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Clopidogrel, Its Carboxylic Acid Metabolite and Derivatized Isomers of Thiol Metabolite in Clinical Samples. J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci. 2012, 911, 105–112.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karemore, G.; Sujatha, R.; Rai, L.; Pai, K. M.; Kartha, V. B.; Santhosh, C. Serum Protein Profile Study of Clinical Samples Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Laser Induced Fluorescence: Case of Cervical and Oral Cancers. In Single Molecule Spectroscopy and Imaging II; SPIE: Bellingham, WA, 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Kaufman, E.; Lamster, I. B. The Diagnostic Applications of Saliva—A Review. Crit. Rev. Oral Biol. Med. 2002, 13(2), 197–212.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Khan, U. H. Ion Exchange Technologies: The Role of Ion Exchange Chromatography in Purification and Characterization of Molecules; InTech: Rijeka, Croatia, 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Komare, M.; Rizzo, W. B. Mitochondrial Fatty-Acid Oxidation Disorders. Semin. Pediatr. Neurol. 2008, 15(3), 140–149.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Konieczka, P.; Namieśnik, J. Quality Assurance and Quality Control in the Analytical Chemical Laboratory: A Practical Approach; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Koželj, G.; Perharič, L.; Stanovnik, L.; Prosen, H. Simple Validated LC-MS/MS Method for the Determination of Atropine and Scopolamine in Plasma for Clinical and Forensic Toxicological Purposes. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 2014, 96, 197–206.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuhara, T. Noninvasive Human Metabolome Analysis for Differential Diagnosis of Inborn Errors of Metabolism. J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Sci. 2007, 855(1), 42–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, S.; Kwon, S.; Shin, H. J.; Lim, H. S.; Singh, R. J.; Lee, K. R.; Kim, Y. J. Simultaneous Quantitative Analysis of Salivary Cortisol and Cortisone in Korean Adults Using LC-MS/MS. BMB Rep. 2010, 43(7), 506–511.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loos, W. J.; Verweij, J.; Nooter, K.; Stoter, G.; Sparreboom, A. Sensitive Determination of Docetaxel in Human Plasma by Liquid-Liquid Extraction and Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. J. Chromatogr. B Biomed. Sci. Appl. 1997, 693(2), 437–441.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ma, Y. L.; Qin, H. L.; Liu, W. J.; Peng, J. Y.; Huang, L.; Zhao, X. P.; Cheng, Y. Y. Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry for Metabolite Analysis of Urine in Colorectal Cancer. Dig. Dis. Sci. 2009, 54(12), 2655–2662
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mandal, R.; Guo, A. C.; Chaudhary, K. K.; Liu, P.; Yallou, F. S.; Dong, E.; Aziat, F.; Wishart, D. S. Multi-platform Characterization of the Human Cerebrospinal Fluid Metabolome: A Comprehensive and Quantitative Update. Genome Med. 2012, 4(4), 38.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Manning-Courtney, P.; Brown, J.; Molloy, C. A.; Reinhold, J.; Murray, D.; Sorensen-Burnworth, R.; Messerschmidt, T.; Kent, B. Diagnosis and Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorders. Curr. Probl. Pediatr. Adolesc. Health Care 2003, 33, 283–304.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Marcos, J.; Guo, L. W.; Wilson, W. K.; Porter, F. D.; Shackleton, C. The Implications of 7-Dehydrosterol-7-reductase Deficiency (Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome) to Neurosteroid Production. Steroids 2004, 69(1), 51–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathur-De-Vré, R. Approach to Quality System in Research and Development. Accredit. Qual. Assur. 1997, 2, 63–68.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masson, P. Quality Control Techniques for Routine Analysis with Liquid Chromatography in Laboratories. J. Chromatogr. A 2007, 1158, 168–173.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mercolini, L.; Mandrioli, R.; Gerra, G.; Raggi, M. A. Analysis of Cocaine and Two Metabolites in Dried Blood Spots by Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection: A Novel Test for Cocaine and Alcohol Intake. J. Chromatogr. A 2010, 1217(46), 7242–7248.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michulec, M.; Konieczka, P.; Namieśnik J. Validation of the HS-GC-FID Method for the Determination of Ethanol Residua in Tablets. Accredit. Qual. Assur. 2007, 12, 257–262.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monfort, N.; Ventura, R.; Balcells, G.; Segura, J. Determination of Five Di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate Metabolites in Urine by UPLC/MS/MS, Markers of Blood Transfusion Misuse in Sports. J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Sci. 2012, 908, 113–121.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moody, D. E.; Spanbauer, A. C.; Taccogno, J. L.; Smith, E. K. Comparative Analysis of Sweat Patches for Cocaine (and Metabolites) by Radioimmunoassay and Gas Chromatography- Positive Ion Chemical Ionization-Mass Spectrometry. J. Anal. Toxicol. 2004, 28(2), 86–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Myint, K. T.; Aoshima, K.; Tanaka, S.; Nakamura, T.; Oda, Y. Quantitative Profiling of Polar Cationic Metabolites in Human Cerebrospinal Fluid by Reversed-Phase Nanoliquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 2009, 81(3), 1121–1129.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Navarrete, A.; Martínez-Alcázar, M. P.; Durán, I.; Calvo, E.; Valenzuela, B.; Barbas, C.; García, A. Simultaneous Online SPE-HPLC-MS/MS Analysis of Docetaxel, Temsirolimus and Sirolimus in Whole Blood and Human Plasma. J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Sci. 2013, 921–922, 35–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nouri, M.; Ghasemzadeh, A.; Farzadi, L.; Shahnazi, V.; Novin, M. G. Vitamins C, E and Lipid Peroxidation Levels in Sperm and Seminal Plasma of Asthenoteratozoospermic and Normozoospermic Men. Iran. J. Reprod. Med. 2008, 6, 1–5.
   Google Scholar
• Ortelli, D.; Rudaz, S.; Chevalley, A. F.; Mino, A.; Deglon, J. J.; Balant, L.; Veuthey, J. L. Enantioselective Analysis of Methadone in Saliva by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 2000, 871(1–2), 163–172.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Owen, D. H.; Katz, D. F. A Review of the Physical and Chemical Properties of Human Semen and the Formulation of a Semen Simulant. J. Androl. 2005, 26(4), 459–469.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Page, E. H.; Pajeau, A. K.; Arnold, T. C.; Fincher, A. R.; Goddard, M. J. Peripheral Neuropathy in Workers Exposed to Nitromethane. Am. J. Ind. Med. 2001, 40(1), 107–113.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pasikanti, K. K.; Esuvaranathan, K.; Ho, P. C.; Mahendran, R.; Kamaraj, R.; Wu, Q. H.; Chiong, E.; Chan, E. C. Noninvasive Urinary Metabonomic Diagnosis of Human Bladder Cancer. J. Proteome Res. 2010, 9(6), 2988–2995.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel, J. B.; Shukla, S. N.; Patel, H.; Kothari, K. K.; Shah, P. M.; Patel, P. S. Utility of Urinary Biomarkers in Oral Cancer. Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev. 2007, 8(2), 229–235.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pearson, S. D.; Ash, K. O.; Urry, F. M. Mechanism of False-Negative Urine Cannabinoid Immunoassay Screens by Visine Eyedrops. Clin. Chem. 1989, 35(4), 636–638.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plumb, R.; Castro-Perez, J.; Granger, J.; Beattie, I.; Joncour, K.; Wright, A. Ultra-performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Quadrupole–Orthogonal Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 2004, 18(19), 2331–2337.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Potter, J.; Smith, R. L. An Assessment of the Release of Inorganic Cyanide from the Fragrance Materials Benzyl Cyanide, Geranyl Nitrile and Citronellyl Nitrile Applied Dermally to the Rat. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2001, 39, 147–151.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Putnam, D. F. Composition and Concentrative Properties of Human Urine; NASA Contractor Report CR 1802; NASA: Washington, DC, 1971.
   Google Scholar
• Raiszadeh, M. M.; Ross, M. M.; Russo, P. S.; Schaepper, M. A.; Zhou, W.; Deng, J.; Nq, D.; Dickson, A.; Dickson, C.; Strom, M.; Osorio, C.; Soeprono, T.; Wulfkuhle, J. D.; Petricoin, E. F.; Liotta, L. A.; Kirsch, W. M. Proteomic Analysis of Eccrine Sweat: Implications for the Discovery of Schizophrenia Biomarker Proteins. J. Proteome Res. 2012, 11(4), 2127–2139.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reddy, I.; Sherlin, H. J.; Ramani, P.; Premkumar, P.; Natesan, A.; Chandrasekar, T. Amino Acid Profile of Saliva from Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography. J. Oral Sci. 2012, 54(3), 279–283.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubert, J.; Soriano, J. M.; Mañes, J.; Soler, C. Rapid Mycotoxin Analysis in Human Urine: A Pilot Study. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2011, 49(9), 2299–2304.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salazar Cavazos, M. L.; Colunga González, L. Y.; Gallegos de Lerma, G.; Waksman de Torres, N. Determination of Gatifloxacin in Semen by HPLC with Diode-Array and Fluorescence Detection. Chromatographia 2006, 63, 605–608.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salgado, H.; de Menezes, M.; Storti, M. P. Determination of Flutamide in Tablets by High- Performance Liquid Chromatography. Acta Farm. Bonaerense 2005, 24(2), 246–249.
   Google Scholar
• Sandyk, R.; Gillman, M. A. Motor Dysfunction Following Chronic Exposure to a Fuoroalkane Solvent Mixture Containing Nitromethane. Eur Neurol. 1984, 23(6), 479–481.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Settle, F. A., Ed. Handbook of Instrumental Techniques for Analytical Chemistry; Prentice Hall: Upper Saddle River, NJ, 1997.
   Google Scholar
• Shih, S. C.; Yang, H.; Jebrasil, M. J.; Fobel, R.; McIntosh, N.; Al-Dirbashi, O. Y.; Chakraborty, P.; Wheeler, A. R. Dried Blood Spot Analysis by the Digital Microfluidics Coupled to Nanoelectrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem. 2012, 84(8), 3731–3738.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siciliano, L.; De Stefano, C.; Petroni, M. F.; Vivacqua, A.; Rago, V.; Carpino, A. Prostatic Origin of a Zinc Binding High Molecular Weight Protein Complex in Human Seminal Plasma. Mol. Hum. Reprod. 2000, 6(3), 215–218.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simpson, D.; Jarvie, D. R.; Moore, F. M. Measurement of Creatinine in Urine Screening for Drugs of Abuse. Clin. Chem. 1993, 39(4), 698–699.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sion, B.; Grizard, G.; Boucher, D. Quantitative Analysis of Desmosterol, Cholesterol and Cholesterol Sulfate in Semen by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. J. Chromatogr. A 2001, 935(1–2), 259–265.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Small, H.; Stevens, T. S.; Bauman, W. C. Novel Ion Exchange Chromatographic Method Using Conductimetric Detection. Anal. Chem. 1975, 47(11), 1801–1809.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spanos, A.; Harrell, F. F.; Durack, D. T. Differential Diagnosis of Acute Meningitis, an Analysis of the Predictive Value of Initial Observations. JAMA 1989, 262(19), 2700–2707.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stanislaus, A.; Guo, K.; Li, L. Development of an Isotope Labelling Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometric Method for Quantification of Acylglycines in Human Urine. Anal. Chim. Acta 2012, 750, 161–172.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Su, S. B.; Wai Poon, T.; Thongboonkerd, V. Human Body Fluid. Biomed. Res. Int. 2013, 2013, 1–2.
   Google Scholar
• Thongboonkerd, V., Ed. Proteomics of Human Body Fluids: Principles, Methods, and Applications; Humana Press: Totowa, NJ, 2007.
   Google Scholar
• Valentín-Blasini, L.; Mauldin, J. P.; Maple, D.; Blount, B. C. Analysis of Perchlorate in Human Urine Using Ion Chromatography and Electrospray Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 2005, 77, 2475–2481.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vermaercke, P. Sense and Nonsense of Quality Assurance in an R&D Environment. Accredit. Qual. Assur. 2000, 5, 11–15.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waddell, L.; Wiley, V.; Carpenter, K.; Bennetts, B.; Angel, L.; Andresen, B. S.; Wilcken, B. Medium-Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency: Genotype-Biochemical Phenotype Correlations. Mol. Genet. Metab. 2006, 87(1), 32–39.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walker, H. K.; Hall, W. D.; Hurst, J. W. Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations, 3rd ed.; Boston: Butterworths, 1990.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, D.-C.; Sun, C. H.; Liu, L. Y.; Sun, X. H.; Jin, X. W.; Song, W. L.; Liu, X. Q.; Wan, X. L. Serum Fatty Acid Profiles Using GC-MS and Multivariate Statistical Analysis: Potential Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease. Neurobiol. Aging 2012, 33(6), 1057–1066.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, H.; Zhou, Y.; Tang, C.; He, Y.; Wu, J.; Chen, Y.; Jiang, Q. Urinary Phthalate Metabolites Are Associated with Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference in Chinese School Children. PLoS One 2013, 8(2), e56800.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wevers, R. A.; Engelke, U.; Wendel, U.; de Jong, J. G.; Gabreëls, F. J.; Heerschap, A. Standardized Method for High-Resolution 1H-NMR of Cerebrospinal Fluid. Clin. Chem. 1995, 41(5), 744–751.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Recommendations for the Production, Control and Regulation of Human Plasma for Fractionation. In WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization 56th Report; WHO Technical Report Series 941; WHO: Geneva, Switzerland, 2007; p 25.
   Google Scholar
• Wu, H.; Xue, R.; Dong, L.; Liu, T.; Deng, C.; Zeng, H.; Shen, X. Metabolomic Profiling of Human Urine in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. Anal. Chim. Acta 2009a, 648(1), 98–104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, Z.; Huang, Z.; Lehmann, R.; Zhao, C.; Xu, G. The Application of Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry: Methods to Metabonomics. Chromatographia 2009b, 69(1), 23–32.
   Google Scholar
• Zeng, X.; Hood, B.; Zhao, T.; Conrads, T.; Sun, M.; Gopalakrishnan, V.; Grover, H.; Day, R.; Weissfeld, J.; Wilson, D.; Siegfried, J.; Bigbee, W. Lung Cancer Serum Biomarker Discovery Using Label Free LC-MS/MS. J. Thorac. Oncol. 2011, 6(4), 725–734.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou, L.; Beuerman, R. W.; Foo, Y.; Liu, S.; Ang, L. P.; Tan, D. T. Characterization of Human Tear Proteins Using High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Ann. Acad. Med. Singapore 2006, 35(6), 400–407.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zougman, A.; Pilch, B.; Podtelejnikov, A.; Kiehntopf, M.; Schnabel, C.; Kumar, C.; Mann, M. Integrated Analysis of the Cerebrospinal Fluid Peptidome and Proteome. J. Proteome Res. 2008, 7(1), 386–399.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zufía López, L.; Aldaz Pastor, A.; Aramendia Beitia, J. M.; Arrobas Velilla, J.; Giraldez Deiró, J. Determination of Docetaxel and Paclitaxel in Human Plasma by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Validation and Application to Clinical Pharmacokinetic Studies. Ther. Drug Monit. 2006, 28(2), 199–205.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar