Advanced search
Publication Cover
Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry Volume 46, 2016 - Issue 6
Submit an article Journal homepage
1,873
Views
43
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
ARTICLES

Microfluidic Synthesis of Nanoparticles and their Biosensing Applications

Jyoti BokenDepartment of Physics, Banasthali University, Rajasthan, India
,
Sarvesh K. SoniCentre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, AustraliaCorrespondence[email protected]
&
Dinesh KumarDepartment of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Rajasthan, IndiaCorrespondence[email protected]
Pages 538-561 | Received 31 Dec 2015, Accepted 21 Mar 2016, Published online: 30 Jun 2016

References

  • Abate, A. R.; Agresti, J. J.; Weitz, D. A. Microfluidic Sorting with High-Speed Single-Layer Membrane Valves. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2010a, 96, 203509.
  • Abate, A. R.; Hung, T.; Mary, P.; Agresti, J. J.; Weitz, D. A. High-throughput Injection with Microfluidics Using Picoinjectors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2010b, 107, 19163–19166.
  • Abate, A. R.; Weitz, D. A. Faster Multiple Emulsification with Drop Splitting. Lab. Chip. 2011, 11, 1911–1915.
  • Agresti, J. J.; Antipov, E; Abate, A. R.; Ahn, K.; Rowat, A. C.; Baret, J. C.; Marquez, M.; Klibanov, A. M.; Griffiths, A. D.; Weitz, D. A. Ultrahigh-throughput Screening in Drop-based Microfluidics for Directed Evolution. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2010, 107, 4004–4009.
  • Ahmad, R.; Distaso, M.; Azimi, H.; Brabec, C. J.; Peukert, W. Facile Synthesis and Post-processing of Eco-friendly, Highly Conductive Copper Zinc Tin Sulphide Nanoparticles. Nanopart. Res. 2013, 15, 1886.
  • Ahn, K.; Agresti, J.; Chong, H; Marquez, M.; Weitz, D. A. Electrocoalescence of Drops Synchronized by Size-dependent Flow in Microfluidic Channels. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2006, 88, 264105.
  • Aizenberg, J.; Muller, D. A.; Grazul, J. L.; Harman, D. R. Direct Fabrication of Large Micropatterned Single Crystals. Science. 2003, 299, 1205–1208.
  • Albero, J.; Riente, P.; Clifford, J. N.; Pericas, M. A.; Palomares, E. Improving CdSe Uantum Dot/polymer Solar Cell Efficiency Through the Covalent Functionalization of Quantum Dots: Implications in the Device Recombination Kinetics. Phys. Chem. C. 2013, 117, 13374–13381.
  • Alharbi, K. K.; Al-Sheikh, Y. A. Role and Implications of Nanodiagnostics in the Changing Trends of Clinical Diagnosis. Saudi J. Biol. Sci. 2014, 21, 109–117.
  • Alivisatos, A. P. Semiconductor Clusters, Nanocrystals and Quantum Dots. Science. 2010, 271, 933–937.
  • Ansary, A. E.; Faddash, L. M. Nanoparticles as Biochemical Sensors. Nanotechnol. Sci. Appl. 2010, 3, 65–76.
  • Asanomi, Y.; Yamaguchi, H; Miyazaki, M.; Maeda, H. Enzyme-immobilized Microfluidic Process Reactors. Molecules. 2011, 16, 6041–6059.
  • Atencia, J.; Beebe, D. J. Controlled Microfluidic Interfaces. Nature. 2005, 437, 648–655.
  • Aussillous, P.; Quere, D. Liquid Marbles. Nature. 2001, 411, 924–927.
  • Badilesu, S.; Packirisamy, M. Micro-fluidics-nano-integration for Synthesis and Sensing. Polymers. 2012, 4, 1278–1310.
  • Baeten, E.; Verbraeken, Hoogenboom.; R, Junkers. Continuous poly(2-oxazoline) Triblock Copolymer Synthesis in a Microfluidic Reactor Cascade. Chem. Commun. 2015, 51, 11701.
  • Bai, Z.; He, Q.; Huang, S.; Hu, X.; Chen, H. Preparation of Hybrid Soda-lime/quartz Glass Chips with Wettability-patterned Channels for Manipulation of Flow Profiles in Droplet-based Analytical Systems. Anal. Chim. Acta. 2013, 767, 97–103.
  • Barich, M. V.; Krummel, A. T. Polymeric Infrared Compatible Microfluidic Devices for Spectrochemical Analysis. Anal. Chem. 2013, 85, 10000–10003.
  • Ben-Tzvi, P.; Rone, W. Microdroplet Generation in Gaseous and Liquid Environments. Microsyst. Tech. 2010, 16, 333–356.
  • Bernath, K.; Hai, M; Mastrobattista, E.; Griffiths, A. D.; Magdassi, S.; Tawfik, D. In Vitro Compartmentalisation by Double Emulsions: Sorting and Gene Enrichment by Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting. Anal. Biochem. 2004, 325, 151–157.
  • Bertok, T.; Sediva, A.; Katrlik, J.; Gemeiner, P.; Mikula, M.; Nosko, M.; Tkac, J. Lable-free Detection of Glycoproteins by the Lectin Biosensor Down to Attomalor Level Using Gold Nanoparticles. Talanta. 2013, 108, 11–18.
  • Bhavsar, M. D.; Amiji, M. M. Development of Novel Biodegradable Polymeric Nanoparticles-in-microsphere Formulation for Local Plasmid DNA Delivery in the Gastrointestinal Tract. Expert Opin. Drug Deliv. 2007, 4, 197–213.
  • Boedicker, J. Q.; Vincent, M. E.; Ismagilov, R. F. Microfluidic Confinement of Single Cells of Bacteria in Small Volumes Initiates High-density Behavior of Quorum Sensing and Growth and Reveals its Variability. Angew Chem. Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 5908–5911.
  • Boken, J; Kumar, D.; Dalela, S. Synthesis of Nanoparticles for Plasmonics Applications: A Microfluidic Approach. Synth. React. Inorg. Met. Org. Chem. 2015, 45, 1211–1223.
  • Brennich, M. E.; Nolting, J. F.; Dammann, C.; Noding, B.; Bauch, S.; Herrmann, H.; Pfohl, T.; Koster, S. Dynamics of Intermediate Filament Assembly Followed in Micro-flow by Small Angle X-ray Scattering. Lab. Chip. 2011, 11, 708–716.
  • Breslauer, D. N.; Lee, P. J.; Lee, L. P. Microfluidics-based Systems Biology. Mol. Biosyst. 2006, 2, 97–112.
  • Brivio, M.; Verboom, W; Reinhoudt, D. N. Miniaturized Continuous Flow Reaction Vessels: Influence on Chemical Reactions. Lab. Chip. 2006, 6, 329–344.
  • Burda, C.; Chen, X.; Narayanan, R.; El-Sayed, M. A. Chemistry and Properties of Nanocrystals of Different Shapes. Chem. Rev. 2005, 105, 1025–1102.
  • Cao, J.; Kursten, D.; Schneider, S.; Knauer, A; Gunther, P. M.; Kohler, J. M. Uncovering Toxicological Complexity by Multi-dimensional Screenings in Microsegmented Flow: Modulation of Antibiotic Interference by Nanoparticles. Lab. Chip. 2012, 12, 474–484.
  • Capretto, L.; Carugo, D.; Mazzitelli, S.; Nastruzzi, C.; Zhang, X. Microfluidic and Lab-on-a-chip Preparation routes for Organic Nanoparticles and Vesicular Systems for Nanomedicine Applications. Adv. Drug. Delivery Rev. 2013, 65, 1496–1532.
  • Carboni, M.; Capretto, L.; Carugo, D.; Stulz, E.; Zhang, X. Microfluidics-based Continuous flow Formation of Triangular Silver Nanoprisms with Tuneable Surface Plasmon Resonance. Mater. Chem. C. 2013, 1, 7540–7546.
  • Carcouet, C. C. M. C.; van dePut, M. W. P.; Mezari, B.; Magusin, P. C. M. M.; Laven, J.; Bomans, P. H. H.; Friedrich, H.; Esteves, A. C. C.; Sommerdijk, N. A. J. M.; van Benthem, R. A. T. M.; deWith, G. Nucleation and Growth of Monodisperse Silica Nanoparticles. Nano. Lett. 2014, 14, 1433–1438.
  • Carlo, D. D.; Lee, L. P. Dynamic Single-cell Analysis for Quantitative Biology. Anal. Chem. 2006, 78, 7918–7925.
  • Carlomagno, T. Present and Future of NMR for RNA-protein Complexes: A Perspective of Integrated Structural Biology. J. Magn. Reson. 2014, 241, 126–136.
  • Cecchini, M. P.; Hong, J.; Lim, C.; Choo, J.; Albrecht, T.; deMello, A. J.; Edel, J. B. Ultrafast Surface Enhanced Resonance Raman Scattering Detection in Droplet-based Microfluidic Systems. Anal. Chem. 2011, 83, 3076–3081.
  • Chan, E. M.; Mathies, R. A.; Alivisatos, A. P. Size-controlled Growth of CdSe Nanocrystals in Microfluidic Reactors. Nano. Lett. 2003, 3, 199–201.
  • Chang, C. C.; Yang, R. J. Electrokinetic Mixing in Microfluidic Systems. Microfluid. Nanofluid. 2007, 3, 501–525.
  • Chang, C. H.; Paul, B. K.; Remcho, V. T.; Atre, S.; Hutchison, J. E. Synthesis and Post-processing of Nanomaterials Using Microreaction Technology. Nanopart. Res. 2008, 10, 965–980.
  • Charpentier, J. C. Modern Chemical Engineering in the Framework of Globalization, Sustainability and Technical Innovation. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2007, 46, 3465–3485.
  • Charpentier, J. C.; Mckenna, T. F. Managing Complex Systems: Some Trends for the Future of Chemical and Process Engineering. Chem. Eng. Sci. 2004, 59, 1617–1640.
  • Che, D.; Zhu, X.; Liu, P.; Duan, Y.; Wang, H.; Zhang, Q.; Li, Y. A Facile Aqueous Strategy for the Synthesis of High-brightness LaPO4:Eu Nanocrystals Via Controlling the Nucleation and Growth Process. J. Lumin. 2014, 153, 369–374.
  • Chen, C. H.; Sarkar, A.; Song, Y. A.; Miller, M. A.; Kim, S. J.; Griffith, L. G.; Lauffenburger, D. A.; Han, J. Enhancing Protease Activity Assay in Droplet-based Microfluidics Using a Biomolecule Concentrator. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 10368–010371.
  • Chen, H.; Yuan, F.; Wang, S.; Xu, J.; Zhang, Y.; Wang, L. Aptamer-based Sensing for Thrombin in Red Region Via Fluorescence Resonant Energy Transfer Between NaYF4:Yb, Er Upconversion Nanoparticles and Gold Nanorods. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2013a, 48, 19–25.
  • Chen, P.; Huang, Y. Y.; Hoshino, K.; Zhang, X. Multiscale Immunomagnetic Enrichment of Circulating Tumor Cells: From Tubes to Microchips. Lab. Chip. 2014, 14, 446–458.
  • Chen, Y.; Ni, Z.; Wang, G.; Xu, D.; Li, D. Electroosmotic Flow in Nanotubes with High Surface Charge Densities. Nano Lett. 2008, 8, 42–48.
  • Chen, Y.; Zhao, Y.; Han, M.; Ye, C.; Dang, M.; Chen, G. Safe, Effcient and Selective Synthesis of Dinitro Herbicides Via a Multifunctional Continuous-flow Microreactor: One-step Dinitration with Nitric Acid as Agent. Green Chem. 2013b, 15, 91–94.
  • Cheng, X.; Chen, G.; Rodriguez, W. R. Micro and Nanotechnology for Viral Detection. Anal Bioanal. Chem. 2009, 393, 487–501.
  • Choi, S.; Goryll, M.; Sin, L. Y. M.; Wong, P. K.; Chae, J. Microfluidic-based Biosensors Toward Point-of-care Detection of Nucleic Acids and Proteins. Microfluid. Nanofluid. 2011, 10, 231–247.
  • Christopher, G. F.; Anna, S. L. Microfluidic Methods for Generating Continuous Droplet Streams. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 2007, 40, R319–R336.
  • Ciceri, D.; Perera, J. M.; Stevens, G. W. The Use of Microfluidic Devices in Solvent Extraction. J. Chem. Tech. Biot. 2014, 89, 771–786.
  • Clark, T. J.; McPherson, P. H.; Buechler, K. F. The Triage Cardiac Panel: Cardiac Markers for the Triage System. Point of Care. 1, 42–46.
  • Copper, R. M.; Leslie, D. C.; Domansky, K.; Jain, A.; Yung, C.; Cho, M.; Workman, S.; Super, M.; Ingber, D. E. A Microdevice for Rapid Optical Detection of Magnetically Captured Rare Blood Pathogens. Lab. Chip. 2014, 14, 182–188.
  • Costa, R. R.; Castro, E.; Arias, F. J.; Rodriguez-Cabello, J. C.; Mano, J. F. Multifunctional Compartmentalized Capsules with a Hierarchical Organization from the Nano to the Macro Scales. Biomacromolecules. 2013, 14, 2403–2410.
  • Courcier, T.; Goulart, M.; Pittet, P.; de Lima Monteiro, D. W.; Charette, P. G.; Aimez, V.; Lu, G. N CMOS BQJ Detector Chip with Integrated Charge-amplifiers for Fluorescence Measurements. Sensor Actuat B-Chem. 2014, 190, 288–294.
  • Couto, R.; Chambon, S.; Aymonier, C.; Mignard, E.; Pavageau, B.; Erriguible, A.; Marre, S. Microfluidic Supercritical Antisolvent Continuous Processing and Direct Spray-coating of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Nanoparticles for OFET Devices. Chem. Commun. 2015, 51, 1008–1011.
  • Cubaud, T.; Ho, C. M. Transport of Bubbles in Square Microchannels. Phys. Fluid. 2004, 16, 4575–4585.
  • Culbertson, C. T; Mickleburgh, T. G; Stewart-James, S. A.; Sellens, K. A.; Pressnall, M. Micro Total Analysis Systems: Fundamental Advances and Biological Applications. Anal Chem. 2014, 86, 95–118.
  • Cushing, B. L.; Kolesnichenko, V. L.; O'Connor, C. J. Recent Advances in the Liquid-phase Syntheses of Inorganic Nanoparticles. Chem. Rev. 2004, 104, 3893–3946.
  • Daniel, M. C.; Astruc, D. Gold Nanoparticles: Assembly, Supramolecular Chemistry, Quantum-size-related Properties, and Applications toward Biology, Catalysis, and Nanotechnology. Chem. Rev. 2004, 104, 293–346.
  • Daniel, S.; Chaudhury, M. K.; deGennes, P. G. Vibration-actuated Drop Motion on Surfaces for Batch Microfluidic Processes. Langmuir. 2005, 21, 4240–4248.
  • De Jong, W. H.; Borm, P. J. A. Drug Delivery and Nanoparticles: Applications and Hazards. Int. J. Nanomedicine. 2008, 3, 133–149.
  • DeMello, A. J. Control and Detection of Chemical Reactions in Microfluidic Systems. Nature. 2006, 442, 394–402.
  • Dendukuri, D.; Hatton, T. A.; Doyle, P. S. Synthesis and Self-assembly of Amphiphilic Polymeric Microparticles. Langmuir. 2007, 23, 4669–4674.
  • Dendukuri, D.; Tsoi, K.; Hatton, T. A.; Doyle, P. S. Controlled Synthesis of On-spherical Microparticles Using Microfluidics. Langmuir. 2005, 21, 2113–2116.
  • Deng, N. N.; Sun, J.; Wang, W.; Ju, X. J.; Xie, R.; Chu, L. Y. Wetting-induced Coalescence of Nanoliter Drops as Microreactors in Microfluidics. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 2014, 6, 3817–3821.
  • Deng, Y.; Cai, Y.; Sun, Z.; Liu, J.; Liu, C.; Wei, J.; Li, W.; Liu, C.; Wang, Y.; Zhao, D. Multifunctional Mesoporous Composite Microspheres with Well-designed Nanostructure: A Highly Integrated Catalyst System. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 8466–8473.
  • Deveza, L.; Ashoken, J.; Castaneda, G.; Tong, X.; Keeney, M.; Han, Li; Yang, F. Microfluidic Synthesis of Biodegradable Polyethylene-glycol Microspheres for Controlled Delivery of Proteins and DNA Nanoparticles. ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng. 2015, 1, 157–165.
  • Dhakshinamoorthy, A.; Garcia, H. Catalysis by Metal Nanoparticles Embedded on Metal-organic Frameworks. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2012, 41, 5262–5284.
  • Diana, F. S.; Lee, S. H.; Petroff, P. M.; Kramer, E. J. Fabrication of Hcp-Co Nanocrystals Via Rapid Pyrolysis in Inverse PS-b-PVP Micelles and Thermal Annealing. Nano Lett. 2003, 3, 891–895.
  • Dobson, M. G.; Galvin, P.; Barton, D. E. Emerging Technologies for Point-of-care Genetic Testing, Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics. Expert. Rev. Mol. Diagn. 2007, 7, 359–370.
  • Dootz, R.; Evans, H.; Koster, S.; Pfohl, T. Rapid Prototyping of X-ray Microdiffraction Compatible Continuous Microflow Foils. Small. 2007, 3, 96–100.
  • Doshi, R.; Day, P. J. R. Scrapheap Challenge and the Single Cell. Lab. Chip. 2008, 8, 1774–1778.
  • Dragosavac, M. M.; Holdich, R. G.; Vladisavljevic, G. T. Continuous Flow Stirred Cell Microfiltration of Ion Exchange Media to Determine Mass Transfer Kinetics and Equilibrium Data. J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 2011, 50, 2408–2417.
  • Duraiswamy, S.; Khan, S. A. Microfluidics: Small 24/2009. Small. 2009, 5, 2828–2834.
  • Duraiswamy, S.; Khan, S. A. Plasmonic Nanoshell Synthesis in Microfluidic Composite Foams. Nano Lett. 2010, 10, 3757–3763.
  • Dwars, T.; Paetzold, E.; Oehme, G. Reactions in Micellar Systems. Angew Chem. Int. Ed. 2005, 117, 7338–7364.
  • Eastburn, D. J.; Sciambi, A.; Abate, A. R. Identification and Genetic Analysis of Cancer Cells with PCR-activated Cell Sorting. Anal Chem. 2013, 85, 8016–8021.
  • Ebara, M.; Hoffman, J. M.; Hoffman, A. S.; Stayton, P. S.; Lai, J. J. A Photoinduced Nanoparticle Separation in Microchannels Via pH-sensitive Surface Traps. Langmuir. 2013, 29, 5388–5393.
  • Edel, J. B.; Fortt, R.; deMello, J. C.; deMello, A. J. Controlled Quantum Dot Synthesis within Microfluidic Circuits. Chem. Commun. 2002, 1136–1137.
  • El-Ali, J.; Sorger, P. K.; Jensen, K. F. Cells on Chips. Nature. 2006, 442, 403–411.
  • Evans, E.; Gabriel, E. F. M.; Benavidez, T. E.; Coltro, W. K. T.; Garcia, C. D. Modification of Microfluidic Paper-based Devices with Silica Nanoparticles. Analyst. 2014, 139, 5560–5567.
  • Fan, J. B.; Huang, C.; Jiang, L.; Wang, S. Nanoporous Microspheres: From Controllable Synthesis to Healthcare Applications. Mater. Chem. B. 2013, 1, 2222–2235.
  • Faustini, M.; Kim, J.; Jeong, G. Y.; Kim, J. Y.; Moon, H. R.; Ahn, W. S.; Kim, D. P. Microfluidic Approach Toward Continuous and Ultrafast Synthesis of Metal-organic Framework Crystals and Hetero Structures in Confined Microdroplets. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 14619–14626.
  • Fernandes, T. G.; Kwon, S. J.; Bale, S. S.; Lee, M. Y.; Diogo, M. M.; Clark, D. S.; Dordick, J. S.; Cabral, J. M. S.; Dordick, J. S. Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Microarray for High-throughput Studies of Stem Cell Fate. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010, 106, 106–118.
  • Fialkowski, M.; Bitner, A.; Grzybowski, B. A. Self-assembly of Polymeric Microspheres of Complex Internal Structures. Nature Mater. 2005, 4, 93–97.
  • Finetti, C.; Colombo, M.; Prosperi, D.; Alessio, G.; Morasso, C.; Sola, L.; Chiari, M. One-pot Phase Transfer and Surface Modification of CdSe-ZnS Quantum Dots Using a Synthetic Functional Copolymer. Chem. Commun. 2014, 50, 240–242.
  • Fletcher, P. D. I.; Haswell, S. J.; Pombo-Villar, E.; Warrington, B. H.; Watts, P.; Wong, S. Y. F.; Zhang, X. Microreactors: Principles and Applications in Organic Synthesis. Tetrahedron. 2002, 58, 4735–4757.
  • Fwrnandez-Sanchez, C.; Gallardo-Soto, A. M.; Rawson, K.; Nilsson, O.; McNeil, C. J. Quantitative Impedimetric Immunosensor for Free and Total Prostate Specific Antigen Based on a Lateral Flow Assay Format. Electrochem. Commun. 2004, 6, 138–143.
  • Gallifuoco, A.; Alfani, F.; Cantarella, M. Advantages of Continuous Over Batch Reactors for the Kinetic Analysis of Enzymes Inhibited by an Unknown Substrate Impurity. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2002, 79, 641–646.
  • Gamez, R. C.; Castellana, E. T.; Russell, D. H. Sol-gel-derived Silver-nanoparticle Embedded Thin Film for Mass Spectrometry-based Biosensing. Langmuir. 2013, 29, 6502–6507.
  • Ganan-Calvo, A. M.; Gordillo, J. M. Perfectly Monodisperse Microbubbling by Capillary Flow Focusing. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2001, 87, 274501.
  • Gardeniers, J. G.; Berg, A. V. D. Lab-on-a-chip Systems for Biomedical and Environmental Monitoring. Anal Bioanal. Chem. 2004, 378, 1700–1703.
  • Garnier, N.; Grigoriev, R. O.; Schatz, M. F. Optical Manipulation of Microscale Fluid Flow. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2003, 91, 054501.
  • Garstecki, P.; Fuerstman, M. J.; Whitesides, G. M. Nonlinear Dynamics of a Flow-focusing Bubble Generator: An Inverted Dripping Faucet. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2005, 94, 234502.
  • Garstecki, P.; Gitlin, I.; DiLuzio, W.; Whitesides, G. M.; Kumacheva, E.; Stone, H. A. Formation of Monodisperse Bubbles in a Microfluidic Flow-focusing Device. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2004, 85, 2649–2651.
  • Gasilova, N.; Yu, Q.; Qiao, L.; Girault, H. H. On-chip Spyhole Mass Spectrometry for Droplet-based Microfluidics. Angew Chem. Int. Ed. 2014, 53, 4408–4412.
  • Gemoets, H. P. L.; Su, Y.; Shang, M.; Hessel, V.; Luque, R.; Noel, Timothy. Liquid Phase Oxidation Chemistry in Continuous Flow Microreactors. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2016, 45, 83.
  • Gerhardus, A.; Schleberger, H.; Schlegelberger, B.; Gadzicki, D. Diagnostic Accuracy of Methods for the Detection of BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutations: A Systematic Review. Eur. J. Hum. Genet. 2007, 15, 619–627.
  • Gibb, T. R.; Ivanov, A. P.; Edel, J. B.; Albrecht, T. Single Molecule Ionic Current Sensing in Segmented Flow Microfluidics. Anal Chem. 2014, 86, 1864–1871.
  • Gomez, L.; Sebastian, V.; Irusta, S.; Ibarra, A.; Arruebo, M.; Santamaria, J. Scaled-up Production of Plasmonic Nanoparticles using Microfluidics: From Metal Precursors to Functionalized and Sterilized Nanoparticles. Lab. Chip. 2014, 14, 325–332.
  • Gopiraman, M.; Babu, S. G.; Khatri, Z.; Kai, W.; Kim, Y. A; Endo, M.; Karvembu, R.; Kim, I. S. Dry Synthesis of Easily Tunable Nano Ruthenium Supported on Graphene: Novel Nanocatalysts for Aerial Oxidation of Alcohols and Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones. Phys. Chem. C. 2013, 117, 23582–23596.
  • Gourevich, I.; Field, L. M.; Wei, Z.; Paquet, C.; Petukhova, A.; Alteheld, A.; Kumacheva, E.; Saarinen, J. J.; Sipe, J. E. Polymer Multilayer Particles: A Route to Spherical Dielectric Resonators. Micromolecules. 2006, 39, 1449–1454.
  • Goyal, S.; Desai, A. V.; Lewis, R. W.; Ranganathan, D. R.; Li, H.; Zeng, D.; Reichert, D. E.; Kenis, P. J. A. Thiolene and SIFEL-based Microfluidic Platforms for Liquid-liquid Extraction. Sensors Actuat. B-Chem. 2014, 190, 634–644.
  • Groß, G. A.; Hamann, C.; Gunther, M.; Kohler, J. M. Formation of Polymer and Nanoparticle Doped Polymer Minirods by Use of the Microsegmented Flow Principle. Chem. Eng. Technol. 2007, 30, 341–346.
  • Gu, H.; Rong, F.; Tang, B.; Zhao, Y.; Fu, D.; Gu, Z. Photonic Crystal Beads from Gravity-driven Microfluidics. Langmuir. 2013, 29, 7576–7582.
  • Gu, S.; Lu, Y.; Ding, Y.; Li, L.; Song, H.; Wang, J.; Wu, Q. A Droplet-based Microfluidic Electrochemical Sensor Using Platinum-black Microelectrode and its Application in High Sensitive Glucose Sensing. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2014, 55, 106–112.
  • Guillot, P.; Colin, A. Stability of Parallel Flows in a Microchannel After a T Junction. Phys. Rev. E. 2005, 72, 066301.
  • Gunther, A.; Jensen, K. Multiphase Microfluidics: From Flow Characteristics to Chemical and Materials Synthesis. Lab. Chip. 2006, 6, 1487–1503.
  • Gunther, A.; Jhunjhunwala, M.; Thalmann, M.; Schmidt, M. A.; Jensen, K. F. Micromixing of Miscible Liquids in Segmented Gas-liquid Flow. Langmuir. 2005a, 21, 1547–1555.
  • Gunther, A.; Khan, S. A.; Thalmann, M.; Trachsel, F.; Jensen, K. F. Transport and Reaction in Microscale Segmented Gas-liquid Flow. Lab. Chip. 2004, 4, 278–286.
  • Gunther, P. M.; Moller, F.; Henkel, T.; Kohler, J. M; Gross, G. A. Formation of Monomeric and Novolak Azo Dyes in Nanofluid Segments by Use of a Double Injector Chip Reactor. Chem. Eng. Technol. 2005b, 28, 520–527.
  • Guo, M. T.; Rotem, A.; Heyman, J. A.; Weitz, D. A. Droplet Microfluidics for High-throughput Biological Assays. Lab. Chip. 2012, 12, 2146–2155.
  • Hakimi, N.; Tsai, S. S.; Cheng, C. H.; Hwang, D. K. One-step Two-dimensional Microfluidics-based Synthesis of Three-dimensional Particles. Adv. Mater. 2014, 26, 1393–1398.
  • Halldorsson, S.; Lucumi, E.; Sjoberg, R. G.; Fleming, R. M. T. Advantages and Challenges of Microfluidic Cell Culture in Polydimethylsiloxane Devices. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2015, 63, 218–231.
  • Han, C.; Luque, R.; Dionysiou, D. D. Facile Preparation of Controllable Size Monodisperse Anatase Titania Nanoparticles. Chem. Commun. 2012, 48, 1860–1862.
  • Han, G.; Chen, G. Theranostic Upconversion Nanoparticles (II). Theranostics. 2013, 3, 354–355.
  • Harink, B.; Gac, S. L.; Truckenmuller, R.; van Blitterswijk, C.; Habibovic, P. Regeneration-on-a-chip? The Perspectives on Use of Microfluidics in Regenerative Medicine. Lab. Chip. 2013, 13, 3512–3528.
  • Hartman, R. L.; Naber, J. R.; Zaborenko, N.; Buchwald, S. L.; Jensen, K. F. Overcoming the Challenges of Solid Bridging and Constriction During Pd-catalyzed C-N Bond Formation in Microreactors. Org. Process. Res. Dev. 2010, 14, 1347–1357.
  • Hassan, A. A.; Neveu, S.; Dupuis, V.; Cabuil, V. Synthesis of Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles in Continuous-flow Microreactors. RSC Adv. 2012, 2, 11263–11266.
  • Hassan, A. A.; Sandre, O.; Cabuil, V. Microfluidics in Inorganic Chemistry. Angew Chem. Int. Ed. 2010, 49, 6268–6286.
  • He, J.; Wang, L.; Wei, Z.; Yang, Y.; Wang, C.; Han, X.; Nie, Z. Vesicular Self-assembly of Colloidal Amphiphiles in Microfluidics. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 2013, 5, 9746–9751.
  • He, M.; Kuo, J. S.; Chiu, D. T. Electro-generation of Single Femtoliter and Picoliter Volume Aqueous Droplets in Microfluidic Systems. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2005, 87, 031916.
  • Heider, P. L.; Born, S. C.; Basak, S.; Benyahia, B.; Lakerveld, R.; Zhang, H.; Hogan, R.; Buchbinder, L.; Wolfe, A.; Mascia, S.; Evans, J. M. B.; Jamison, T. F.; Jensen, K. F. Development of Multi-step Synthesis and Workup Sequence for an Integrated, Continuous Manufacturing Process of a Pharmaceutical. Org. Process. Res. Dev. 2014, 18, 402–409.
  • Hessel, V.; Gursel, IV.; Wang, Q.; Noel, T.; Lang, J. Potential Analysis of Smart Flow Processing and Micro Process Technology for Fastening Process Development: Use of Chemistry and Process Design as Intensification Fields. Chem. Eng. Tech. 2012, 35, 1184–1204.
  • Hidi, I. J.; Jahn, M.; Weber, K.; Cialla-May, D.; Popp, J. Droplet Based Microfluidics: Spectroscopic Characterization of Levofloxacin and its SERS Detection. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2015, DOI: 10.1039/C4CP04970E
  • Ho, C. M.; Tai, Y. C. Micro-electro-Mechanical Systems (MSMS) and Fluid Flows. Annu. Rev. Fluid. Mech. 1998, 30, 579–612.
  • Hoang, D. A.; Haringa, C; Portela, L. M.; Kreutzer, M. T.; Kleijn, C. R.; van Steijn, V. Design and Characterization of Bubble-splitting Distributor for Scaled-out Multiphase Microreactors. Chem. Eng. 2014b, 236, 545–554.
  • Hoang, P. H.; Dien, L. Q. Fast Synthesis of an Inorganic-organic Block Copolymer in a Droplet-based Microreactor. RSC Adv. 2014a, 4, 8283–8288.
  • Hoang, P. H.; Park, H.; Kim, D. P. Ultrafast and Continuous Synthesis of Unaccommodating Inorganic Nanomaterials in Droplet and Ionic Liquid-Assisted Microfluidic System. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 14765–14770.
  • Hong, J.; Edel, J. B.; deMello, A. J. Micro and Nanofluidic Systems for High-throughput Biological Screening. Drug Discov. Today. 2009, 14, 134–146.
  • Hong, J. S.; Stavis, S. M.; Lacerda, S. H. D.; Locascio, L. E.; Raghavan, S. R.; Gaitan, M. Microfluidic Directed Self-assembly of Liposome−hydrogel Hybrid Nanoparticles. Langmuir. 2010, 26, 11581–11588.
  • Horak, D.; Svobodova, Z.; Autebert, J.; Coudert, B.; Plichta, Z.; Kralovec, K.; Bilkova, Z.; Viovy, J. L. Albumin-coated Monodisperse Magnetic Poly (Glycidyl Methacrylate) Microspheres with Immobilized Antibodies: Application to the Capture of Epithelial Cancer Cells. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A. 2013, 10A, 23–32.
  • Hou, C.; Ji, L.; Zhang, Q.; Li, Y.; Wang, H. Environment-sensitive Carbon Nanotube/polymer Composite Microhydrogels Synthesized Via a Microfluidic Reactor. Appl. Poly. Sci. 2013, 127, 2422–2426.
  • Houng, B.; Kai, J.; Ren, Y.; Han, J.; Zou, Z.; Ahn, C. H.; Kang, K. A. Highly Sensitive Rapid, Reliable and Automatic Cardiovascular Disease Diagnosis with Nanoparticle Fluorescence Enhancer and Mems. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 2008, 614, 265–273.
  • Hu, M.; Yan, J.; He, Y.; Lu, H.; Weng, L.; Song, S.; Fan, C.; Wang, L. Ultrasensitive, Multiplexed Detection of Cancer Biomarkers Directly in Serum by Using a Quantum Dot-based Microfluidic Protein Chip. ACS Nano. 2010, 4, 488–494.
  • Hung, L. H.; Lee, A. P. Microfluidic Devices for the Synthesis of Nanoparticles and Biomaterials. J. Med. Bio. Eng. 2006, 27, 1–6.
  • Hung, L. H.; Lee, A. P. Microfluidic Devices for the Synthesis of Nanoparticles and Biomaterials. Med. Bio. Eng. 2007, 27, 1–6.
  • Hutter, H.; Elliott, S. R.; Mahajan, S. Interaction of Metallic Nanoparticles with Dielectric Substrates: Effect of Optical Constants. Nanotechnology. 2013, 24, 035201.
  • Hwang, D. K.; Dendukuri, D.; Doyle, P. S. Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Non-spherical Magnetic Hydrogel Microparticles. Lab. Chip. 2008, 8, 1640–1670.
  • Insepov, Z.; Wolf, D.; Hassanein, A. Nanopumping Using Carbon Nanotubes. Nano Lett. 2006, 6, 1893–1895.
  • Jahan, S.; Mansoor, F.; Kanwal, S. Polymers Effects on Synthesis of AuNPs, and Au/Ag Nanoalloys: Indirectly Generated AuNPs and Versatile Sensing Applications Including Anti-leukemic Agent. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2014, 53, 51–57.
  • Jahn, A.; Reiner, J. E.; Vreeland, W. N.; DeVoe, D. L.; Locascio, L. E.; Gaitan, M. Preparation of Nanoparticles by Continuous-flow Microfluidics. Nanopart. Res. 2008, 10, 925–934.
  • Jahn, A.; Stavis, S. M.; Hong, J. S.; Vreeland, W. N.; DeVoe, D. L.; Gaitan, M. Microfluidic Mixing and the Formation of Nanoscale Lipid Vesicles. ACS Nano. 2010, 4, 2077–2087.
  • Jahn, A.; Vreeland, W. N.; DeVoe, D. L.; Locascio, L. E.; Gaitan, M. Microfluidic Directed Formation of Liposomes of Controlled Size. Langmuir. 2007, 23, 6289–6293.
  • Janasek, D.; Franzke, J.; Manz, A. Scaling and the Design of Miniaturized Chemical-analysis Systems. Nature. 2006, 442, 374–380.
  • Jeevarathinam, D.; Gupta, A. K.; Pitchumani, B.; Mohan, R. Effect of Gas and Liquid Flowrates on the Size Distribution of Barium Sulfate Nanoparticles Precipitated in a Two Phase Flow Capillary Microreactor. Chem. Eng. J. 2011, 173, 607–611.
  • Jensen, K. F. Microreaction Engineering is Small Better?. Chem. Eng. Sci. 2001, 56, 293–303.
  • Jing, H.; Zhang, Q.; Large, N.; Yu, C.; Blom, D. A.; Nordlander, P.; Wang, H. Tunable Plasmonic Nanoparticles with Catalytically Active High-index Facets. Nano Lett. 2014, 14, 3674–3682.
  • John, A.; deMello, A. Microscale Reactors: Nanoscale Products. Lab. Chip. 2004, 4, 11N–15N.
  • Jun, Y.; Choi, J.; Cheon, J. Shape Control of Semiconductor and Metal Oxide Nanocrystals through Nonhydrolytic Colloidal Routes. Angew Chem. Int. Ed. 2006, 45, 3414–3439.
  • Kamat, P. V. Quantum Dot Solar Cells: Semiconductor Nanocrystals as Light Harvesters. Phys. Chem. C. 2008, 112, 18737–18753.
  • Kang, H. W.; Leem, J.; Yoon, S. Y.; Sung, H. J. Continuous Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in a Microfluidic System for Photovoltaic Application. Nanoscale. 2014, 6, 2840–2846.
  • Kang, L.; Chung, B. G.; Langer, R.; Khademhosseini, A. Microfluidics for Drug Discovery and Development: From Target Selection to Product Lifecycle Management. Drug Discov. Today. 2008, 13, 1–13.
  • Karim, A. M.; Hasan, N. A.; Ivanov, S.; Siefert, S.; Kelly, R. T.; Hallfors, N. G.; Benavidez, A.; Kovarik, L.; Jenkins, A.; Winans, R. E.; Datye, A. K. Synthesis of 1 nm Pd Nanoparticles in a Microfluidic Reactor: Insights from in Situ X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy and Small-angle X-ray Scattering. J. Phys. Chem. C. 2015, 119, 13257–13267.
  • Karnik, R.; Gu, F.; Basto, P.; Cannizzaro, C.; Dean, L.; Kyei-Manu, W.; Langer, R.; Farokhzad, O. C. Microfluidic Platform for Controlled Synthesis of Polymeric Nanoparticles. Nano Lett. 2008, 8, 2901–2912.
  • Kazdin, A. E.; Rabbitt, S. M. Novel Models for Delivering Mental Health Services and Reducing the Burdens of Mental Illness. Clin. Psyc. Sci. 2013, 1, 170–191.
  • Kelly, B. T.; Baret, J. C.; Taly, V.; Griffiths, A. D. Miniaturizing Chemistry and Biology in Microdroplets. Chem. Commun. 2007, 1773–1788.
  • Kenis, P. J. A.; Stroock, A. D. Materials for Microand Nanofluidics. MRS Bulletin. 2011, 31, 87–94.
  • Kern, J. A.; Davis, R. H. Application of a Fed-batch System to Produce RNA by in Vitro Transcription. Biotechnol. Prog. 1999, 15, 174–184.
  • Khan, I. U.; Serra, C. A.; Anton, N.; Vandamme, T. F. Production of Nanoparticle Drug Delivery Systems with Microfluidics Tools. Expert Opin. Drug Deliv. 2015, 12, 547–562.
  • Khandurina, J.; Guttman, A. Bioanalysis in Microfluidic Devices. Chromatography A. 2002, 943, 159–183.
  • Khvostichenko, D. S.; Kondrashkina, E.; Perry, S. L.; Pawate, A. S.; Brister, K.; Kenis, P. J. A. An X-ray Transparent Microfluidic Platform for Screening of the Phase Behavior of Lipidic Mesophases. Analyst. 2013, 138, 5384–5395.
  • Kiechle, F. L.; Holland, C. A. Point-of-care Testing and Molecular Diagnostics: Miniaturization Required. Clin. Lab. Med. 2009, 29, 555–560.
  • Kikkeri, R.; Laurino, P.; Odedra, A.; Seeberger, P. H. Synthesis of Carbohydrate Functionalized Quantum Dots in Microreactors. Angew Chem. Int. Ed. 2010, 49, 2054–2057.
  • Kim, J. W.; Utada, A. S.; Fernandez-Nieves, A.; Hu, Z.; Weitz, D. A. Fabrication of Monodisperse Gel Shells and Functional Microgels in Microfluidic Devices. Angew Chem. Ind. Ed. 2007a, 46, 1819–1822.
  • Kim, S. H.; Jeon, S. J.; Yang, S. M. Optofluidic Encapsulation of Crystalline Colloidal Arrays into Spherical Membrane. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008b, 130, 6040–6046.
  • Kim, S. H.; Jeon, S. J.; Yi, G. R.; Heo, C. J.; Choi, J. H.; Yang, S. M. Optofluidic Assembly of Colloidal Photonic Crystals with Controlled Sizes, Shapes, and Structures. Adv. Mater. 2008c, 20, 1649–1655.
  • Kim, Y. H.; Zhang, L.; Yu, T.; Jin, M.; Qin, D.; Xia, Y. Droplet-Based Microreactors for Continuous Production of Palladium Nanocrystals with Controlled Sizes and Shapes. Small. 2013, 9, 3462–3467.
  • Kitching, H.; Shiers, M. J.; Kenyon, A. J.; Parkin, I. P. Self-assembly of Metallic Nanoparticles into One Dimensional Arrays. Mater. Chem. A. 2013, 1, 6985–6999.
  • Knauer, A.; Thete, A.; Li, S.; Romanus, H.; Csaki, A.; Fritzsche, W.; Kohler, J. M. Au/Ag/Au Double Shell Nanoparticles with Narrow Size Distribution Obtained by Continuous Micro Segmented Flow Synthesis. Chem. Eng. J. 2011, 166, 1164–1169.
  • Kobayashi, J.; Mori, Y.; Okamoto, K.; Akiyama, R.; Ueno, M.; Kitamori, T.; Kobayashi, S. A Microfluidic Device for Conducting Gas-Liquid-Solid Hydrogenation Reactions. Science. 2004, 304, 1305–1308.
  • Kohler, J. M.; Wagner, J.; Albert, J. Formation of Isolated and Clustered Au Nanoparticles in the Presence of Polyelectrolyte Molecules using a Flow-Through Si Chip Reactor. Mater. Chem. 2005, 15, 1924–1930.
  • Kohler, M.; Marz, A.; Popp, J.; Knauer, A.; Kraus, I.; Faerber, J.; Serra, C. Polyacrylamid/Silver Composite Particles Produced Via Microfluidic Photopolymerization for Single Particle-Based Sers Microsensorics. Anal Chem. 2013, 85, 313–318.
  • Koster, S.; Leach, J. B.; Struth, B.; Pfohl, T.; Wong, J. Y. Visualization of Flow-aligned Type I Collagen Self-Assembly in Tunable Ph Gradients. Langmuir. 2007, 23, 357–359.
  • Kotz, K. T.; Noble, K. A.; Faris, G. W. Optical Microfluidics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2004, 85, 2658–2660.
  • Kreutzer, M. T.; Kapteijn, F.; Moulijn, J. A.; Heiszwolf, J. J. Multiphase Monolith Reactors: Chemical Reaction Engineering of Segmented Flow in Microchannels. Chem. Eng. Sci. 2005, 60, 5895–5916.
  • Krishna, K. S; Li, Y; Li, S; Kumar, C. S. Lab-on-a-chip Synthesis of Inorganic Nanomaterials and Quantum Dots for Biomedical Applications. Adv. Drug. Deliv. Rev. 2013, 65, 1470–1495.
  • Krishnadasan, S.; Brown, R. J. C.; deMello, A. J.; deMello, J. C. Intelligent Routes to the Controlled Synthesis of Nanoparticles. Lab. Chip. 2007, 7, 1434–1441.
  • Kumar, A.; Hens, A.; Arun, R. K.; Chatterjee, M.; Mahato, K.; Layeka, K.; Chanda, N. A Paper Based Microfluidic Device for Easy Detection of Uric Acid Using Positively Charged Gold Nanoparticles. Analyst. 2015, 140, 1817–1821.
  • Kumar, S.; Ali, M. A.; Anand, P.; Agrawal, V. V.; John, R.; Malhotra, Maji S. Microfluidic-integrated Biosensors: Prospects for Point-of-care Diagnostics. Biotech. J. 2015, 8, 1267–1279.
  • Kumbhar, A.; Spinu, L.; Agnoli, F.; Wang, K. Y.; Zhou, W.; O'Connor, C. J. Magnetic Properties of Cobalt and Cobalt-platinum Alloy Nanoparticles Synthesized Via Microemulsion Technique. IEEE Trans. Magn. 2001, 37, 2216–2218.
  • Kuo, J. S.; Spicar-Mihalic, P.; Rodriguez, I.; Chiu, D. T. Electrowetting-induced Droplet Movement in an Immiscible Medium. Langmuir. 2003, 19, 250–255.
  • Lan, W.; Li, S.; Wang, Y.; Luo, G. CFD Simulation of Droplet Formation in Microchannels by a Modified Level Set Method. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2014, 53, 4913–4921.
  • Laocharoensuk, R.; Palaniappan, K.; Smith, N. A.; Dickerson, R. M.; Werder, D. J.; Baldwin, J. K.; Hollingsworth, J. A. Flow-based Solution-liquid-solid Nanowire Synthesis. Nature Nanotech. 2013, 8, 660–666.
  • Lazarus, L. L.; Riche, C. T.; Marin, B. C.; Gupta, M.; Malmstadt, N.; Brutchey, R. L. Two-phase Microfluidic Droplet Flows of Ionic Liquids for the Synthesis of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 2012, 4, 3077–3083.
  • Lee, C. C.; Sui, G.; Elizarov, A.; Shu, C. J.; Shin, Y. S.; Dooley, A. N.; Huang, J.; Daridon, A.; Wyatt, P.; Stout, D.; Kolb, H. C.; Witte, O. N.; Satyamurthy, N.; Heath, J. R.; Phelps, M. E.; Quake, S. R.; Tseng, H. R. Multistep Synthesis of a Radiolabeled Imaging Probe Using Integrated Microfluidics. Science. 2005, 310, 1793–1796.
  • Lee, C. S.; Lee, S. H.; Kim, Y. G.; Choi, C. H.; Kim, Y. K.; Kim, B. G. Biochemical Reactions on a Microfluidic Chip Based on a Precise Fluidic Handling Method at the Nanoliter Scale. Biotechnol. Bioproc. Eng. 2006, 11, 146–153.
  • Lee, H.; Xu, L.; Ahu, B.; Lee, K.; Oh, K. W. Continuous-flow in-droplet Magnetic Particle Separation in a Droplet-based Microfluidic Platform. Microfluid. Nanofluid. 2012, 13, 613–623.
  • Lee, J. H.; Cosgrove, B. D.; Lauffenburger, D. A.; Han, J. Microfluidic Concentration-enhanced Cellular Kinase Activity Assay. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 10340–10341.
  • Lee, S. K.; Baek, J.; Jensen, K. F. High Throughput Synthesis of Uniform Biocompatible Polymer Beads with High Quantum Dot Loading Using Microfluidic Jet-mode Breakup. Langmuir. 2014, 30, 2216–2222.
  • Lee, W. G.; Kim, Y. G.; Chung, B. G.; Demirci, U.; Khademhosseini, A. Nano/Microfluidics for Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases in Developing Countries. Adv. Drug. Delvery Rev. 2010, 62, 449–457.
  • Lefebure, S.; Dubois, E.; Cabuli, V.; Neveu, S.; Massart, R. Monodisperse Magnetic Nanoparticles: Preparation and Dispersion in Water and Oils. Mater. Res. 1998, 13, 2975–2981.
  • Lepinay, S.; Staff, A.; Lanoul, A.; Albert, J. Improved Detection Limits of Protein Optical Fiber Biosensors Coated with Gold Nanoparticles. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2014, 52, 337–344.
  • Leung, A. K.; Tam, Y. Y.; Chen, S.; Hafez, I. M.; Cullis, P. R. Microfluidic Mixing: A General Method for Encapsulating Macromolecules in Lipid Nanoparticle Systems. J. Phys. Chem. B. 2015, 119, 8698–8706.
  • Li, M.; Humayun, M.; Kozinski, J. A.; Hwang, D. K. Functional Polymer Sheet Patterning Using Microfluidics. Langmuir. 2014, 30, 8637–8644.
  • Li, Y.; Zhang, X.; Deng, C. Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles for Sample Preparation in Proteomics and Peptidomics Analysis. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2013, 42, 8517–8539.
  • Lim, J. M.; Bertrand, N.; Valencia, P. M.; Rhee, M.; Langer, R.; Jon, S.; Farokhzad, O. C.; Karnik, R. Parallel Microfluidic Synthesis of Size-Tunable Polymeric Nanoparticles Using 3d Flow Focusing Towards in Vivo Study. Nanomed. Nanotech. Biol. Med. 2014, 10, 401–409.
  • Lim, J. M.; Swami, A.; Gilson, L. M.; Chopra, S.; Choi, S.; Wu, J.; Langer, R.; Karnik, R.; Farokhzad, O. C. Ultra-high Throughput Synthesis of Nanoparticles with Homogeneous Size. ACS Nano. 2014, 6, 6056–6065.
  • Lin, G.; Makarov, D.; Sánchez, M. M.; Guix, M.; Baraban, L.; Cuniberti, G.; Schmidt, O. G. Magnetofluidic Platform for Multidimensional Magnetic and Optical Barcoding of Droplets. Lab. Chip. 2015, 15, 216–224.
  • Lin, L.; Rong, M.; Luo, F.; Chen, D.; Wang, Y.; Chen, X. Luminescent Graphene Quantum Dots as New Fluorescent Materials for Environmental and Biological Applications. TrAc. Trends. Anal Chem. 2014, 54, 83–102.
  • Lin, S.; Zhu, W.; Jin, Y.; Crozier, K. B. Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering with Ag Nanoparticles Optically Trapped by a Photonic Crystal Cavity. Nano Lett. 2013, 13, 559–563.
  • Lin, X. M.; Sorensen, C. M.; Klabunde, K. J.; Hadjipanayis, G. C. Temperature Dependence of Morphology and Magnetic Properties of Cobalt Nanoparticles Prepared by an Inverse Micelle Technique. Langmuir. 1998, 14, 7140–7146.
  • Lin, X. Z.; Terepka, A. D.; Yang, H. Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles in a Continuous Flow Tubular Microreactor. Nano Lett. 2004, 4, 2227–2232.
  • Link, D. R.; Grasland-Mongrain, E.; Duri, A.; Sarrazin, F.; Cheng, Z.; Cristobal, G.; Marquez, M.; Weitz, D. A. Electric Control of Droplets in Microfluidic Devices. Angew Chem. Int. Ed. 2006, 118, 2618–2622.
  • Liu, B.; Wei, W.; Qu, X.; Yang, Z. Janus Colloids Formed by Biphasic Grafting at a Pickering Emulsion Interface. Angew Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 3973–3975.
  • Liu, D.; Cito, S.; Zhang, Y.; Wang, C-Fang.; Sikanen, T. M.; Santos, H. A. A Versatile and Robust Microfluidic Platform Toward High Throughput Synthesis of Homogeneous Nanoparticles with Tunable Properties. Adv. Mater. 2015, 27, 2298–2304.
  • Liu, K.; Deng, Y.; Zhang, N.; Li, S.; Ding, H.; Guo, F.; Liu, W.; Guo, S.; Zhao, X. Z. Generation of Disk-Like Hydrogel Beads for Cell Encapsulation and Manipulation Using a Droplet-Based Microfluidic Device. Microfluid. Nanofluid. 2012, 13, 761–767.
  • Liu, K.; Ding, H. J.; Liu, J.; Chen, Y.; Zhao, X. Z. Shape-controlled Production of Biodegradable Calcium Alginate Gel Microparticles Using a Novel Microfluidic Device. Langmuir. 2006b, 22, 9453–9457.
  • Liu, K. K.; Wu, R. G.; Chuang, Y. J.; Khoo, H. S.; Huang, S. H.; Tseng, F. G. Microfluidic Systems for Biosensing. Sensors. 2010, 10, 6623–6661.
  • Liu, W. T. Nanoparticles and Their Biological and Environmental Applications. Biosci. Bioeng. 2006a, 102, 1–7.
  • Liu, Z.; Wakihara, T.; Nishioka, D.; Oshima, K.; Takewaki, T.; Okubo,   Ultrafast Continuous-Flow Synthesis of Crystalline Microporous Aluminophosphate AlPO4-5. Chem. Mater. 2014, 26, 2327–2331.
  • Lochovsky, C.; Yasotharan, S.; Gunther, A. Bubbles no More: In-plane Trapping and Removal of Bubbles in Microfluidic Devices. Lab. Chip. 2012, 12, 595–601.
  • Longuet, C.; Yamada, A.; Chen, Y.; Baigl, D.; Fattaccioli, J. Spatially-controlled Protein Crystallization in Microfluidic Chambers. Crystal Growth. 2014, 386, 179–182.
  • Lopez-Lorente, A. I.; Valcarcel, M.; Mizaikoff, B. Continuous Flow Synthesis and Characterization of Tailor-Made Bare Gold Nanoparticles for Use in SERS. Microchim. Acta. 2014, 181, 1101–1108.
  • Loscertales, I. G.; Barrero, A.; Guerrero, I.; Cortijo, R.; Marquez, M.; Ganan-Calvo, A. M. Micro/nano Encapsulation Via Electrified Coaxial Liquid Jets. Science. 2002, 295, 1695–1698.
  • Lu, Y.; Chen, J. J.; Mu, L.; Xue, Q.; Wu, Y.; Wu, P. H.; Li, J.; Vortmeyer, A. O.; Miller-Jensen, K.; Wirtz, D.; Fan, R. High-throughput Secretomic Analysis of Single Cells to Assess Functional Cellular Heterogeneity. Anal Chem. 2013, 85, 2548–2556.
  • Luka, G.; Ahmadi, A.; Najjaran, H.; Alocilja, E.; DeRosa, M.; Wolthers, K.; Malki, A.; Aziz, H.; Althani, A.; Hoorfar, M. Microfluidics Integrated Biosensors: A Leading Technology Towards Lab-On-A-Chip and Sensing Applications. Sensors. 2015, 15, 30011–30031.
  • Luo, G.; Du, L.; Wang, Y.; Lu, Y.; Xu, J. Controllable Preparation of Particles with Microfluidics. Particuology. 2011, 9, 545–558.
  • Luppa, P. B.; Bietenbeck, A.; Beaudoin, C.; Giannetti, A. Clinically Relevant Analytical Techniques, Organizational Concepts for Application and Future Perspectives of Point-Of-Care-Testing. 2016, DOI:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.01.003
  • Lyuksyutov, I. F.; Naugle, D. G.; Rathnayaka, K. D. D. On-chip Manipulation of Levitated Femtodroplets. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2004, 85, 1817–1819.
  • Maeki, M.; Teshima, Y.; Yoshizuka, S.; Yamaguchi, H.; Yamashita, K.; Miyazaki, M. Controlling Protein Crystal Nucleation by Droplet-Based Microfluidics. Chem. Eur. J. 2014, 20, 1049–1056.
  • Maestro, L. M.; Haro-Gonzalez, P.; Sanchez-Lglesias, A.; Liz-Marzan, L. M.; Sole, J. G.; Jaque, D. Quantum Dot Thermometry Evaluation of Geometry Dependent Heating Efficiency in Gold Nanoparticles. Langmuir. 2014, 30, 1650–1658.
  • Mahalanabis, M.; Do, J.; AlMuayad, H.; Zhang, J. Y.; Klapperich, C. M. An Intergrated Disposable Device for DNA Extraction and Helicase Dependent Amplification. Biomed. Microdevices. 2010, 12, 353–359.
  • Mao, H.; Li, C.; Zhang, Y.; Furyk, S.; Cremer, P.; Bergbreiter, D. High-throughput Studies of the Effects of Polymer Structure and Solution Components on the Phase Separation of Thermoresponsive Polymers. Macromolecules. 2004, 37, 1031–1036.
  • Marmiroli, B.; Grenci, G.; Cacho-Nerin, F.; Sartori, B.; Ferrari, E.; Laggner, P.; Businaro, L.; Amenitsch, H. Free Jet Micromixer to Study Fast Chemical Reactions by Small Angle X-Ray Scattering. Lab. Chip. 2009, 9, 2063–2069.
  • Marre, S.; Adamo, A.; Basak, S.; Aymonier, C.; Jensen, K. F. Design and Packaging of Microreactors for High Pressure and High Temperature Applications. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2010, 49, 11310–11320.
  • Marre, S.; Jensen, K. F. Synthesis of Micro and Nanostructures in Microfluidic Systems. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2010, 39, 1183–1202.
  • Mattia, D.; Calabro, F. Explaining High Flow Rate of Water in Carbon Nanotubes Via Solid-liquid Molecular Interactions. Microfluid. Nanofluid. 2012, 13, 125–130.
  • Mazutis, L.; Gilbert, J.; Ung, W. L.; Weitz, D. A.; Griffiths, A. D.; Heyman, J. A. Single-cell Analysis and Sorting Using Droplet-Based Microfluidics. Nature Protocol. 2013, 8, 870–891.
  • McBain, S. C.; Yiu, H. H. P.; Dobson, J. Magnetic Nanoparticles for Gene and Drug Delivery. Int. J. Nanomed. 2008, 3, 168–180.
  • McCalla, S. E.; Tripathi, A. Microfluidics Reactors for Diagnostics Applications. Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. 2011, 13, 321–343.
  • McDonald, J. C.; Whitesides, G. M. Poly (dimethylsiloxane) as a Material for Fabricating Microfluidic Devices. Acc. Chem. Res. 2002, 35, 491–499.
  • McQuade, D. T.; Seeberger, P. H. Applying Flow Chemistry: Methods, Materials, and Multistep Synthesis. J. Org. Chem. 2013, 78, 6384–6389.
  • Medintz, I. L.; Uyeda, H. T.; Goldman, E. R.; Mattoussi, H. Quantum Dot Biocongugates for Imaging, Labeling and Sensing. Nature Mater. 2005, 4, 435–446.
  • Mejia-Ariza, R.; Huskens, J. Formation of Hybrid Gold Nanoparticle Network Aggregates by Specific Host-Guest Interactions in a Turbulent Flow Reactor. Mater. Chem. B 2014, 2, 210–216.
  • Merket, T. J.; Herlihy, K. P.; Nunes, J.; Orgel, R. M.; Rolland, J. P.; DeSimone, J. M. Scalable, Shape-Specific, Top-Down Fabrication Methods for the Synthesis of Engineered Colloidal Particles. Langmuir. 2010, 26, 13086–13096.
  • Merlen, A.; Gadenne, V.; Romann, J.; Chevallier, V.; Patrone, L.; Valmalette, J. C. Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy of Organic Molecules Deposited on Gold Sputtered Substrates. Nanotechnology. 2009, 20, 215705.
  • Mirza, I.; O'Connell, G.; Wang, J. J.; Lunney, J. G. Comparison of Nanosecond and Femtosecond Pulsed Laser Deposition of Silver Nanoparticle Films. Nanotechnology. 2014, 25, 265301.
  • Miyazaki, M.; Yamaguchi, H.; Honda, T.; Briones-Nagata, M. P. P.; Yamashita, K.; Maeda, H. Polymer Chemistry in Microfluidic Reaction System. Micro. Nanosystems. 2009, 1, 193–204.
  • Moghaddam, M. M.; Baghbanzadeh, M.; Sadeghpour, A.; Glatter, O.; Kappe, C. O. Continuous-flow Synthesis of Cdse Quantum Dots: A Size-Tunable and Scalable Approach. Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 11629–11636.
  • Moon, H.; Cho, S. K.; Garrell, R. L. Low Voltage Electrowetting-On-Dielectric. Appl. Phys. 2002, 92, 4080–4087.
  • Murray, C. B.; Norris, D. J.; Bawendi, M. G. Synthesis and Characterization of Nearly Monodisperse Cde (E = Sulfur, Selenium, Tellurium) Semiconductor Nanocrystallites. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 8706–8715.
  • Murray, C. B.; Sun, S.; Gaschler, W.; Doyle, H.; Betley, T. A.; Kagan, C. R. Colloidal Synthesis of Nanocrystals and Nanocrystal Superlattices. J. Rev. Dev. 2001, 45, 47–56.
  • Nie, Z. H.; Xu, S. Q.; Seo, M.; Lewis, P. C.; Kumacheva, E. Polymer Particles with Various Shapes and Morphologies Produced in Continuous Microfluidic Reactors. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 8058–8063.
  • Nie, Z. H.; Park, J. I.; Li, W.; Bon, S. A. F.; Kumacheva, E. “Inside-Out” Microfluidic Approach to Producing Monodisperse Emulsion Droplets Stabilized by Solid Particles. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 16508–16509.
  • Nightingale, A. M.; Bannock, J. H.; Krishnadasan, S. H.; O'Mahony, F. T. F.; Haque, S. A.; Sloan, J.; Drury, C.; McIntyre, R.; deMello, J. C. Large-scale Synthesis of Nanocrystals in a Multichannel Droplet Reactor. Mater. Chem. 2013, 1, 4067–4076.
  • Nikacevic, N. M.; Huesman, A. E. M.; van denHof, P. M. J.; Stankiewicz, A. I. Opportunities and Challenges for Process Control in Process Intensification. Chem. Eng. Proc: Proc. Intensification. 2012, 52, 1–15.
  • Nishioka, M.; Miyakawa, M.; Daino, Y.; Kataoka, H.; Koda, H.; Sato, K.; Suzuki, T. M. Single-mode Microwave Reactor Used for Continuous Flow Reactions Under Elevated Pressure. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2013, 52, 4683–4687.
  • Nisisako, T.; Torii, T. Formation of Biphasic Janus Droplets in a Microfabricated Channel for the Synthesis of Shape-Controlled Polymer Microparticles. Adv. Mater. 2007, 19, 1489–1493.
  • Nitta, S. K.; Numata, K. Biopolymer-based Nanoparticles for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2013, 14, 1629–1654.
  • Noireaux, V.; Libchaber, A. A Vesicle Bioreactor as a Step Toward an Artificial Cell Assembly. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2004, 101, 17669–17674.
  • Nozik, A. J.; Beard, M. C.; Luther, J. M.; Law, M.; Ellingson, R. J.; Johnson, J. C. Semiconductor Quantum Dots and Quantum Dot Arrays and Applications of Multiple Exciton Generation to Third-Generation Photovoltaic Solar Cells. Chem. Rev. 2010, 110, 6873–6890.
  • Okushima, S.; Nisisako, T.; Torii, T.; Higuchi, T. Controlled Production of Monodisperse Double Emulsions by Two-Step Droplet Breakup in Microfluidic Devices. Langmuir. 2004, 20, 9905–9908.
  • Ono, T.; Yamada, M.; Suzuki, Y.; Taniguchi, T.; Seki, M. One-step Synthesis of Spherical/Nonspherical Polymeric Microparticles Using Non-equilibrium Microfluidic Droplets. RSC Adv. 2014, 4, 13557–13564.
  • Otten, A.; Koster, S.; Struth, B.; Snigirev, A.; Pfohl, T. Microfluidics of Soft Matter Investigated by Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering. J. Synchrotron. Rad. 2005, 12, 745–750.
  • Pan, J.; El-Ballouli, A. O.; Rollny, L.; Voznyy, O.; Burlakov, V. M.; Goriely, A.; Sargent, E. H.; Bakr, O. M. Automated Synthesis of Photovoltaic-Quality Colloidal Quantum Dots Using Separate Nucleation and Growth Stages. ACS Nano. 2013, 7, 10158–10166.
  • Pan, Y.; Yao, J.; Zhang, L.; Xu, N. Preparation of Ultrafine Zeolite a Crystals with Narrow Particle Size Distribution Using a Two-Phase Liquid Segmented Microfluidic Reactor. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2009, 48, 8471–8477.
  • Parisi, J.; Dong, Q.; Lei, Y. In Situ Microfluidic Fabrication of Sers Nanostructures for Highly Sensitive Fingerprint Microfluidic-Sers Sensing. RSC Adv. 2015, 5, 14081–14089.
  • Park, I. W.; Yoon, M.; Kim, Y. M.; Kim, Y.; Yoon, H.; Song, H. J.; Volkov, V.; Avilov, A.; Park, Y. J. Magnetic Properties and Microstructure of Cobalt Nanoparticles in a Polymer Film. Solid State Commun. 2003, 126, 385–389.
  • Park, J. I.; Saffari, A.; Kumar, S.; Gunther, A.; Kumacheva, K. Microfluidic Synthesis of Polymer and Inorganic Particulate Material. Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 2010, 40, 415–443.
  • Pathmamanoharan, C.; Philipse, A. P. Preparation and Properties of Monodisperse Magnetic Cobalt Colloids Grafted with Polyisobutene. Colloid Interface Sci. 1998, 205, 340–353.
  • Patil, Y. P.; Jadhav, S. Novel Methods for Liposome Preparation. Chem. Phys. Lipids. 2014, 177, 8–18.
  • Pekas, N.; Porter, M. D.; Tondra, M.; Popple, A.; Jander, A. Giant Magnetoresistance Monitoring of Magnetic Picodroplets in an Integrated Microfluidic System. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2004, 45, 4783–4785.
  • Peng, X.; Wickham, J.; Alivisatos, A. P. Kinetics of II-VI and III-V Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystal Growth: “Focusing” of Size Distributions. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 5343–5344.
  • Peng, Z.; Young, B.; Baird, A. E.; Soper, S. A. Single-pair Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Analysis of mRNA Transcripts for Highly Sensitive Gene Expression Profiling in Near Real Time. Anal. Chem. 2013, 85, 7851–7858.
  • Peterson, D. A.; Padmavathi, C.; Paul, B. K. High Production Rate Synthesis of Cds Nanoparticles Using a Reverse Oscillatory Flow Method. J. Micro. Nano.-Manuf. 2014, 2, 031004.
  • Petric, M.; Comanor, L.; Petti, C. A. Role of the Laboratory in Diagnosis of Influenza During Seasonal Epidemics and Potential Pandemics. J. Infect. Dis. 2006, 194, S98–S110.
  • Peyratout, C. S.; Dahne, L. Tailor-made Polyelectrolyte Microcapsules: From Multilayers to Smart Containers. Angew Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 2004, 43, 3762–3783.
  • Pfohl, T.; Otten, A.; Koster, S.; Dootz, R.; Struth, B.; Evans, H. M. Highly Packed and Oriented DNA Mesophases Identified Using in Situ Microfluidic X-Ray Microdiffraction. Biomacromolecules. 2007, 8, 2167–2172.
  • Pham, H. H.; Gourevich, I.; Oh, J. K.; Jonkman, J. E. N.; Kumacheva, E. A. A Multidye Nanostructured Material for Optical Data Storage and Security Data Encryption. Adv. Mater. 2004, 16, 516–520.
  • Ploschner, M.; Cizmar, T.; Mazilu, M.; Falco, A. D.; Dholakia, K. Bidirectional Optical Sorting of Gold Nanoparticles. Nano Lett. 2012, 12, 1923–1927.
  • Plouffe, P.; Macchi Roberge, D. M. From Batch to Continuous Chemical Synthesis-A Toolbox Approach. Org. Process. Res. Dev. 2015, 18, 1286–1294.
  • Polte, J.; Tuaev, X.; Wuithschick, M.; Fischer, A.; Thuenemann, A. F.; Rademann, K.; Kraehnert, R.; Emmerling, F. Formation Mechanism of Colloidal Silver Nanoparticles: Analogies and Differences to the Growth of Gold Nanoparticles. ACS Nano. 2012, 6, 5791–5802.
  • Prakash, M.; Gershenfeld, N. Microfluidic Bubble Logic. Science. 2007, 315, 832–835.
  • Probst, C. E.; Zrazhevskiy, P.; Bagalkot, V.; Gao, X. Quantum Dots as a Platform for Nanoparticle Drug Delivery Vehicle Design. Adv. Drug Delivery Rev. 2013, 65, 703–718.
  • Psaltis, D.; Quake, S. R.; Yang, C. Developing Optofluidic Technology Through the Fusion of Microfluidics and Optics. Nature. 2006, 442, 381–386.
  • Puigmarti-Luis, J. Microfluidic Platforms: A Mainstream Technology for the Preparation of Crystals. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2014, 43, 2253–2271.
  • Puntes, V. F.; Krishnan, K. M.; Alivisator, A. P. Synthesis, Self-assembly and Magnetic Behavior of a Two-dimensional Superlattice of Single-crystal ε-Co Nanoparticles. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2001a, 78, 2187–2189.
  • Puntes, V. F.; Krishnan, K. M.; Alivisatos, A. P. Colloidal Nanocrystal Shape and Size Control: The Case of Cobalt. Science. 2001b, 291, 2115–2117.
  • Qu, L.; Peng, Z. A.; Peng, X. G. Alternative Routes Toward High Quality Cdse Nanocrystals. Nano Lett. 2001, 1, 333–337.
  • Quinsaat, J. E. Q.; Testino, A.; Pin, S.; Huthwelker, T.; Nuesch, F. A.; Bowen, P.; Hofmann, H.; Ludwig, C.; Opris, D. M. Continuous Production of Tailored Silver Nanoparticles by Polyol Synthesis and Reaction Yield Measured by X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy: Toward a Growth Mechanism. Phys. Chem. C. 2014, 118, 11093–11103.
  • Ram, S. Self-confined Dimension of Thermodynamic Stability in Co-Nanoparticles in Fcc and Bcc Allotropes with a Thin Amorphous Al2o3 Surface Layer. Acta. Mater. 2001, 49, 2297–2307.
  • Ran, G.; Fu, Q.; Xu, W. Microfluidic-based Controllable Synthesis of Pt Nanocatalysts Supported on Carbon for Fuel Cells. RSC Adv. 2015, 5, 14740–14746.
  • Rao, C. N. R.; Kulkarni, G. U.; Thomas, P. J.; Edwards, P. P. Metal Nanoparticles and their Assemblies. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2000, 29, 27–35.
  • Raza, A.; Saha, B. In Situ Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis in Agarose Film Supported on Filter Paper and its Application as Highly Efficient Sers Test Stripes. Forensci. Sci. Int. 2014, 237, e42-e46.
  • Ren, K.; Chen, Y.; Wu, H. New Materials for Microfluidics in Biology. Curr. Opin. Biotech. 2014, 25, 78–85.
  • Rida, A.; Gijs, M. A. M. Manipulation of Self-assembled Structures of Magnetic Beads for Microfluidic Mixing and Assaying. Anal Chem. 2004, 76, 6239–6246.
  • Rio, E.; Daerr, A.; Andreotti, B.; Limat, L. Boundary Conditions in the Vicinity of a Dynamic Contact Line: Experimental Investigation of Viscous Drops Sliding Down an Inclined Plane. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2005, 94, 024503.
  • Rodd, L. E.; Scott, T. P.; Boger, D. V.; Copper-White, J. J.; Mckinley, G. H. The Inertio-elastic Planar Entry Flow of Low-viscosity Elastic Fluids in Micro-fabricated Geometries. Non- Newtonian Fluid Mech. 2005, 129, 1–22.
  • Ryan, J.; Dave, K.; Emmerich, E.; Fernandez, B.; Turell, M.; Johnson, J.; Gottfried, K.; Burkhalter, K.; Kerst, A.; Hunt, A.; Wirtz, R.; Nasci, R. Wicking Assays for the Rapid Detection of West Nile and St. Louis Encephalitis Viral Antigens in Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). Med. Entomol. 2003, 40, 95–99.
  • Saha, K.; Agasti, S. S.; Kim, C.; Li, X.; Rotello, M. Gold Nanoparticles in Chemical and Biological Sensing. Chem. Rev. 2012, 112, 2739–2779.
  • Salmon, L.; Yang, S.; Al-Hashimi, H. M. Advances in the Determination of Nucleic Acid Conformational Ensembles. Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 2014, 65, 293–316.
  • Sanchez, M. M.; Miserere, S.; Merkoci, A. Nanomaterials and Lab-on-a-chip Technologies. Lab. Chip. 2012, 12, 1932–1943.
  • Sarrazin, F.; Prat, L.; Di Miceli, N.; Cristobal, G.; Link, D. R.; Weitz, D. A. Mixing Characterization Inside Microdroplets Engineered on a Microcoalescer. Chem. Eng. Sci. 2007, 62, 1042–1048.
  • Sato, K.; Mawatari, K.; Kitamori, T. Microchip-based Cell Analysis and Clinical Diagnosis System. Lab. Chip. 2008, 8, 1992–1998.
  • Schabas, G.; Wang, C. W.; Oskooei, A.; Yusuf, H.; Moffitt, M. G.; Sinton, D. Formation and Shear-induced Processing of Quantum Dot Colloidal Assemblies in a Multiphase Microfluidic Chip. Langmuir. 2008, 24, 10596–10603.
  • Schafer, C. G.; Gallei, M.; Zahn, J. T.; Engelhardt, J.; Hellmann, G. P.; Rehahn, M. Reversible Light, Thermo and Mechano-responsive Elastomeric Polymer Opal Films. Chem. Mater. 2013, 25, 2309–2318.
  • Scheuer, L.; Kauff, N.; Robson, M.; Kelly, B.; Barakat, R.; Satagopan, J.; Ellis, N.; Hensley, M.; Boyd, J.; Borgen, P.; Norton, L.; Offit, K. Outcome of Preventive Surgery and Screening for Breast and Ovarian Cancer in BRCA Mutation Carriers. J. Clin. Oncol. 2002, 20, 1260–1268.
  • Schulte, T. H.; Bardell, R. L.; Weigl, B. H. Microfluidic Technologies in Clinical Diagnostics. Clin. Chim. Acta. 2002, 321, 1–10.
  • Sebastian, V.; Arruebo, M. Reaction Engineering Strategies for the Production of Inorganic Nanomaterials. Small. 2014, 10, 835–853.
  • Seo, M.; Nie, Z.; Xu, S.; Mok, M.; Lewis, P. C.; Graham, R.; Kumacheva, E. Continuous Microfluidic Reactors for Polymer Particles. Langmuir. 2005, 21, 11614–11622.
  • Seo, M.; Paquet, C.; Nie, Z. H.; Xu, S. Q.; Kumacheva, E. Microfluidic Consecutive Flow-focusing Droplet Generators. Soft. Mater. 2007, 3, 986–992.
  • Sesen, M.; Alan, T.; Neild, A. Microfluidic on-demand Droplet Merging Using Surface Acoustic Waves. Lab. Chip. 2014, 14, 3325–3333.
  • Seyler, H.; Wong, W. W. H.; Jones, D. J.; Holmes, A. B. Continuous Flow Synthesis of Fullerence Derivatives. J. Org. Chem. 2011, 76, 3551–3556.
  • Shahbazali, E.; Hessel, V.; Noel, T.; Wang, Q. Metallic Nanoparticles Made in Flow and their Catalytic Applications in Organic Synthesis. Nanotechnology Rev. 2013, 3, 65–85.
  • Shangguan, Y.; Guo, D.; Feng, H.; Li, Y.; Gong, X.; Chen, Q.; Zheng, B.; Wu, C. Mapping Phase Diagrams of Polymer Solutions by a Combination of Microfluidic Solution Droplets and Laser Light-Scattering Detection. Macromolecules. 2014, 47, 2496–2502.
  • Shepherd, R. F.; Conrad, J. C.; Rhodes, S. K.; Link, D. R.; Marquez, M.; Weitz, D. A.; Lewis, J. A. Microfluidic Assembly of Homogeneous and Janus Colloid-filled Hydrogel Granules. Langmuir. 2006, 22, 8618–8622.
  • Shestopalov, I.; Tice, J. D.; Ismagilov, R. F. Multi-step Synthesis of Nanoparticles Performed on Millisecond Time Scale in a Microfluidic Droplet-based System. Lab. Chip. 2004, 4, 316–321.
  • Shi, L.; Naik, A. J. T.; Goodall, J. B. M.; Tighe, C.; Gruar, R.; Binions, R.; Parkin, I.; Darr, J. Highly Sensitive ZnO Nanorod and Nanoprism-based NO2Gas Sensors: Size and Shape Control Using a Continuous Hydrothermal Pilot Plant. Langmuir. 2013, 29, 10603–10609.
  • Shui, L.; van den Berg, A.; Eijkel, J. C. T. Scalable Attoliter Monodisperse Droplet Formation Using Multiphase Nano-microfluidics. Microfluid Nanofluid. 2011, 11, 87–92.
  • Shum, H. C.; Bandyopadhyay, A.; Bose, S.; Weitz, D. A. Double Emulsion Droplets as Microreactors for Synthesis of Mesoporous Hydroxyapatite. Chem. Mater. 2009, 21, 5548–5555.
  • Si, Y.; Tang, X.; Ge, J.; Yang, S.; El-Newehy, M.; Al-Deyab, S. S.; Yu, J.; Ding, B. In Situ Synthesis of Flexible Magnetic γ-Fe2O3@SiO2 Nanofibrous Membranes. Nanoscale. 2014, 6, 2102–2105.
  • Singh, R.; Gutch, P. K.; Mazumder, A. N, N-Dichlorourethane: An Efficient Decontaminating Reagent for Sulfur Custard, a Chemical Warfare Agent, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2013, 52, 4689–4694.
  • Siwick, B. J.; Kalinina, O.; Kumacheva, E.; Miller, R. J. D.; Noolandi, J. Polymeric Nanostructured Materials for High-density Three-dimensional Optical Memory. Appl. Phys. 2001, 90, 5328–5334.
  • Skrabalak, S. E.; Brutchey, R. L. Going with the Flow: Continuous Flow Routes to Colloidal Nanoparticles. Chem. Mater. 2016, 28, 1003–1005.
  • Solvas, X. C.; deMello, A. J. Droplet Microfluidics: Recent Developments and Future Applications. Chem Commun. 2011, 47, 1936–1942.
  • Song, H.; Chen, D. L.; Ismagilov, R. F. Reactions in Droplets in Microfluidic Channels. Angew Chem. Int. Ed. 2006a, 45, 7336–7356.
  • Song, S.; Singh, A. K. On-chip Sample Preconcentration for Integrated Microfluidic Analysis. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2006c, 384, 41–43.
  • Song, Y.; Henry, L. L.; Yang, W. Stable Amorphous Cobalt Nanoparticles Formed by an in Situ Rapidly Cooling Microfluidic Process. Langmuir. 2009, 25, 10209–10217.
  • Song, Y.; Hormes, J.; Kumar, C. S. S. R. Microfluidic Synthesis of Nanomaterials. Small. 2008, 4, 698–711.
  • Song, Y.; Kumar, C. S. S. R.; Hormes, J. Synthesis of Palladium Nanoparticles using a Continuous Flow Polymeric Micro reactor. Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2004, 4, 788–793.
  • Song, Y.; Modrow, H.; Henry, L. L.; Saw, C. K.; Doomes, E. E; Palshin, V.; Hormes, J.; Kumar, C. S. S. R. Microfluidic Synthesis of Cobalt Nanoparticles. Chem Mater. 2006b, 18, 2817–2827.
  • Sozzi, G.; Conte, D.; Leon, M. E.; Cirincione, R.; Roz, L.; Ratcliffe, C.; Roz, E.; Cirenei, N.; Bellomi, M.; Pelosi, G.; Pierotti, M. A.; Pastorino, U. Quantification of Free Circulating DNA as a Diagnostic Marker in Lung Cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2003, 21, 3902–3908.
  • Squires, T. M.; Quake, S. R. Microfluidics: Fluid Physics at the Nanoliter Scale. Rev Mod Phys. 2005, 77, 977–1026.
  • Srisa-Art, M.; deMello, A. J.; Edel, J. B. High-throughput DNA Droplet Assays using Picoliter Reactor Volumes. Anal Chem. 2007, 79, 6682–6689.
  • Stehle, R.; Goerigk, G.; Wallacher, D.; Ballauff, M.; Seiffert, S. Small-angle X-ray Scattering in Droplet-based Microfluidics. Lab. Chip. 2013, 13, 1529–1537.
  • Strasser, P.; Koh, S.; Anniyev, T.; Greeley, J.; More, K.; Yu, C.; Liu, Z.; Kaya, S.; Nordlund, D.; Ogasawara, H.; Toney, M. F.; Nilsson, A. Lattice-strain Control of the Activity in Dealloyed Core-shell Fuel Cell Catalysts. Nat. Chem. 2010, 2, 454–460.
  • Stratakis, E.; Kymakis, E. Nanoparticle-based Plasmonic Organic Photovoltaic Devices. Mater Today. 2013, 16, 133–146.
  • Streets, A. M.; Huang, Y. Microfluidics for Biological Measurements with Single-molecule Resolution. Curr. Opin. Biotech. 2014, 25, 69–77.
  • Su, S.; Fan, J.; Xue, B.; Yuwen, L.; Liu, X.; Pan, D.; Fan, C.; Wang, L. DNA-conjugated Quantum Dot Nanoprobe for High-sensitivity Fluorescent Detection of DNA and Micro-RNA. ACS Appl. Mater Interfaces. 2014, 6, 1152–1157.
  • Su, W.; Gao, X.; Jiang, L.; Qin, J. Microfluidic Platform Towards Point-of-care Diagnostics in Infectious Diseases. J. Chromatogr A. 2015, 1377, 13–26.
  • Sun, S. Recent Advances in Chemical Synthesis, Self-assembly and Applications of FePt Nanoparticles. Adv Mater. 2006, 18, 393–403.
  • Sun, S.; Murray, C. B. Synthesis of Monodisperse Cobalt Nanocrystals and Their Assembly Into Magnetic Superlattices. Appl. Phys. 1999, 85, 4325–4330.
  • Suss, M. E.; Biesheuvel, P. M.; Baumann, T. F.; Stadermann, M.; Santiago, J. G. In Situ Spatially and Temporally Resolved Measurements of Salt Concentration Between Charging Porous Electrodes for Desalination by Capacitive Deionization. Environ Sci Technol. 2014, 48, 2008–2015.
  • Takeuchi, S.; Garstecki, P.; Weibel, D. B.; Whitesides, G. M. An Axisymmetric Flow-focusing Microfluidic Device. Adv. Mater. 2005, 17, 1067–1072.
  • Talapin, D. V.; Lee, J. S.; Kovalenko, M. V.; Shevchenko, E. V. Prospects of Colloidal Nanocrystals for Electronic and Optoelectronic Applications. Chem. Rev. 2010, 110, 389–458.
  • Talapin, D. V.; Rogach, A. L.; Kornowski, A.; Haase, M.; Weller, H. Highly Luminescent Monodisperse CdSe and CdSe/ZnS Nanocrystals Synthesized in a Hexadecylamine-trioctylphosphine Oxide-Trioctylphospine mixture. Nano Lett. 2001, 1, 207–211.
  • Tan, J.; Lu, Y. C.; Xu, J. H.; Luo, G. S. Mass Transfer Performance of Gas-liquid Segmented Flow in Microchannels. Chem. Eng. J. 2012, (181-182), 229–235.
  • Tarn, M. D.; Lopez-Martinez, M. J.; Pamme, N. On-chip Processing of Particles and Cells Via Multilaminar flow Streams. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2014, 406, 139–161.
  • Teh, S. Y.; Lin, R.; Hung, L. H.; Lee, A. P. Droplet Microfluidics. Lab. Chip. 2008, 8, 198–220.
  • Testouri, A.; Arriaga, L. R.; Honorez, C.; Ranft, M.; Radrigues, J.; van deNet, A.; Lecchi, A.; Salonen, A.; Rio, E.; Guillermic, R. M.; Langevin, D.; Drenkhan, W. Generation of Porous Solids with Well-Controlled Morphologies by Combining Foaming and Flow Chemistry on a Lab-on-a-chip. Colloid Surf A. 2012, 413, 17–24.
  • Toft, K. N.; Vestergaard, B.; Nielsen, S. S.; Snakenborg, D.; Jeppesen, M. G.; Jacobsen, J. K.; Arleth, L.; Kutter, J. P. High-Throughput Small Angle X-ray Scattering From Proteins in Solution Using a Microfluidic Front-end. Anal. Chem. 2008, 80, 3648–3654.
  • Tokeshi, M.; Minagawa, T.; Uchiyama, K.; Hibara, A.; Sato, K.; Hisamoto, H.; Kitamori, T. Continuous-flow Chemical Processing on a Microchip by Combining Microunit Operations and a Multiphase Flow Network. Anal. Chem. 2002, 74, 1565–1571.
  • Tsai, T. T; Shen, S. W.; Cheng, C. M.; Chen, C. F. Paper-based Tuberculosis Diagnostic Devices with Colorimetric Gold Nanoparticles. Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater. 2013, 14, 044404.
  • Tsaoulidis, D.; Angeli, P. Effect of Channel Size on Mass Transfer During Liquid-liquid Plug Flow in Small Scale Extractors. Chem Eng J. 2015, 262, 785–793.
  • Tse, C.; Brault, D.; Gligorov, J.; Antoine, M.; Neumann, R.; Lotz, J. P.; Capeau, J. Evaluation of the Quantitative Analytical Methods Real-time PCR for HER-2 Gene Quantification and ELISA of Serum HER-2 Protein and Comparison with Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization and Immunohistochemistry for Determining HER-2 Status in Breast Cancer Patients. Clin. Chem. 2005, 51, 1093–1101.
  • Tu, S. T.; Yu, X.; Luan, W.; Lowe, H. Development of Micro Chemical, Biological and Thermal Systems in China: A Review. Chem. Eng. 2010, 163, 165–179.
  • Tweedie, M.; Subramanian, R.; Lemoine, P.; Craig, I.; McAdams, E. T.; McLaughlin, J. A.; MacCraith, B.; Kent, N. Fabrication of Impedimetric Sensors for Label-free Point-of-care Immunoassay Cardiac Marker Systems, with Passive Microfluidic Delivery. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Bio Soc. 2006, 1, 4610–4614.
  • Uehara, M.; Nakamura, H.; Maeda, H. Preparation of ZnS/CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dot Quantum Well by Using a Microfluidic Reactor. J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2009, 9, 577–583.
  • Valencia, P. M.; Farokhzad, O. C.; Karnik, R.; Langer, R. Microfluidic Technologies for Accelerating the Clinical Translation of Nanoparticles. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2012, 7, 623–629.
  • Valencia, P. M; Pridgen, E. M.; Rhee, M.; Langer, R.; Farokhzad, O. C.; Karnik, R. Microfluidic Platform for Combinatorial Synthesis and Optimization of Targeted Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy. ACS Nano. 2013, 7, 10671–10680.
  • Valencia, P. M.; Farokhzad, O. C.; Langer, R. Microfluidic Technologies for Accelerating the Clinical Translation of Nanoparticles. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2012, 7, 623–629.
  • Visaveliya, N.; Kohler, J. M. Single-step Microfluidic Synthesis of Various Nonspherical Polymer Nanoparticles Via in Situ Assembling: Dominating Role of Polyelectrolytes Molecules. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2014, 6, 11254–11264.
  • Vladisavljevic, G. T.; Khalid, N.; Neves, M. A.; Kuroiwa, T.; Nakajima, M.; Uemura, K.; Ichikawa, S.; Kobayashi, I. Industrial Lab-on-a-chip: Design, Applications and Scale-Up for Drug Discovery and Delivery. Adv. Drug. Deliv. Rev. 2013, 65, 1626–1663.
  • Wagner, J.; Kohler, J. M. Continuous Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles in a Microreactor. Nano. Lett. 2005, 5, 685–691.
  • Wagner, J.; Tshikhudo, T. R.; Kohler, J. M. Microfluidic Generation of Metal Nanoparticles by Borohydride Reduction. Chem. Eng. 2008, 135, S104–S109.
  • Wan, J.; Bick, A.; Sullivan, M.; Stone, H. A. Controllable Microfluidic Production of Microbubbles in Water-in-oil Emulsions and the Formation of Porous Microparticles. Adv. Mater. 2008, 20, 3314–3318.
  • Wan, Z.; Yang, H.; Luan, W.; Tu, S. T.; Zhou, X. Facile Synthesis of Monodisperse CdS Nanocrystals Via Microreaction. Nanoscale Res. Lett. 2009, 5, 130–137.
  • Wang, B.; Shum, H. C.; Weitz, D. A. Fabrication of Monodisperse Toroidal Particles by Polymer Solidification in Microfluidics. Chem Phys Chem. 2009, 10, 641–645.
  • Wang, C. W.; Bains, A.; Sinton, D.; Moffitt, M. G. Flow-directed Assembly of Block Copolymer Vesicles in the Lab-on-a-chip. Langmuir. 2012, 28, 15756–15761.
  • Wang, C. W.; Bains, A.; Sinton, D.; Moffitt, M. G. Flow-Directed Loading of Block Copolymer Micelles with Hydrophobic Probes in a gas-Liquid Microreactor. Langmuir. 2013d, 29, 8385–8394.
  • Wang, C. W.; Oskooei, S. A. K.; Sinton, D.; Moffitt, M. G. Controlled Self-assembly of Quantum Dot-block Copolymer Colloidsin Multiphase Microfluidic Reactors. Langmuir. 2010, 26, 716–723.
  • Wang, C. W.; Sinton, D.; Moffitt, M. G. Flow-directed Block Copolymer Micelle Morphologies Via Microfluidic Self-assembly. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011c, 133, 18853–18864.
  • Wang, H.; Li, X.; Uehara, M.; Yamaguchi, Y.; Nakamura, H.; Miyazaki, M.; Shimizu, H.; Maeda, H. Continuous Synthesis of CdSe-ZnS Composite Nanoparticles in a Microfluidic Reactor. Chem. Commun. 2004, 1, 48–49.
  • Wang, H.; Nakamura, H.; Uehara, U.; Yamaguchi, Y.; Maeda, H. Highly Luminescent CdSe/ZnS Nanocrystals Synthesized Using a Single-molecular ZnS Source in a Microfluidic Reactor. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2005, 15, 603–608.
  • Wang, J. T.; Wang, J.; Han, J. J. Fabrication of Advanced Particles and Particle-based Materials Assisted by Droplet-based Microfluidics. Small. 2011b, 7, 1728–1754.
  • Wang, Q.; Zhang, D.; Yang, X.; Xu, H.; Shen, A. Q.; Yang, Y. Atom-economical in Situ Synthesis of BaSO4 as Imaging Contrast Agents within poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) Microgels Using One-step Droplet Microfluidics. Green. Chem. 2013a, 15, 2222–2229.
  • Wang, Y.; Zhang, X.; Wang, A; Li, X; Wang, G; Zhao, L Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles From Microemulsions in a Flow Type Microreactor. Chem. Eng. J. 2014, 235, 191–197.
  • Wang, Y; Zheng, Y; Huang, C. Z.; Xia, Y. Synthesis of Ag Nanocubes 18-32 nm in Edge Length: The Effects of Polyol on Reduction Kinetics, Size Control and Reproducibility. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 1941–1951.
  • Watts, P; Haswell, S. J. The Application of Micro Reactors for Organic Synthesis. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2005, 34, 235–246.
  • Watts, P.; Haswell, S. J.; Pombo-Villar, E. Electrochemical Effects Related to Synthesis in Micro Reactors Operating Under Electrokinetic Flow. Chem. Eng. 2004, 101, 237–240.
  • Weibel, D. B.; Whitesides, G. M. Applications of Microfluidics in Chemical Biology. Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 2006, 10, 584–591.
  • Whitby, M; Quirke, N. Fluid Flow in Carbon Nanotubes and Nanopipes. Nature Nanotech 2007, 2, 87–94.
  • Whitesides, G. M. The Origins and the Future of Microfluidics. Nature. 2006, 442, 368–373.
  • Wilcoxon, J. P.; Provencio, P. P. Chemical and Optical Properties of CdSe and CdSe/ZnS Nanocrystals Investigated Using High-performance Liquid Chromatography. Phys. Chem. B. 2005, 109, 13461–13471.
  • Wiles, C; Watts, P. Continuous Process Technology: A Tool for Sustainable Production. Green Chem. 2014, 16, 55–62.
  • Willets, K. A. Plasmon Point Spread Functions: How Do We Model Plasmon-mediated Emission Processes? Front Phys. 2014, 9, 3–16.
  • Wixforth, A.; Strobl, C.; Gauer, C.; Toegl, A.; Scriba, J.; Guttenberg, Z. V. Acoustic Manipulation of Small Droplets. Anal. Bio. Anal. Chem. 2004, 379, 982–991.
  • Woitalka, A; Kuhn, S.; Jensen, K. F. Scalability of Mass Transfer in Liquid-liquid Flow. Chem. Eng. Sci. 2014, 116, 1–8.
  • Wu, T; Mei, Y; Cabral, J. T.; Xu, C.; Beers, K. L. A New Synthetic Method for Controlled Polymerization Using a Microfluidic System. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 9880–9881.
  • Wunscher, S.; Seise, B.; Pretzel, D.; Pollok, S.; Perelaer, J.; Weber, K.; Popp, J.; Schubert, U. S. Chip-on-foil Devices for DNA Analysis Based on Inkjet-printed Silver Electrodes. Lab. Chip. 2014, 14, 392–401.
  • Xia, H. M.; Wang, Z. P.; Koh, Y. X.; May, K. T. A Microfluidic Mixer with Self-excited ‘Turbulent’ Fluid Motion for Wide Viscosity Ratio Applications. Lab Chip. 2010, 10, 1712–1716.
  • Xu, B.; Ye, W.; Zhang, Y.; Shi, J. Y.; Chan, C. Y.; Yao, X. Q.; Yang, M. A Hydrophilic Polymer Based Microfluidic System with Planar Patch Clamp Electrode Array for Electrophysiological Measurement from Cells. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2014, 53, 187–192.
  • Xu, S.; Nie, Z.; Seo, M.; Lewis, P.; Kumacheva, E.; Stone, H. A.; Garstecki, P.; Weibel, D. B.; Gitlin, I.; Whitesides, G. M. Generation of Monodisperse Particles by Using Microfluidics: Control Over Size, Shape, and Composition. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2005, 117, 734–738.
  • Xu, S. Q.; Nie, Z. H.; Seo, M.; Lewis, P. C.; Kumacheva, E.; Stone, H. A.; Garstecki, P.; Weibel, D. B.; Gitlin, I.; Whitesides, G. M. Generation of Monodisperse Particles by Using Microfluidics: Control Over Size, Shape and Composition. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2005, 44, 724–728.
  • Yaghoubi, Z.; Motevalli, K. The Optimum Production of Nanoparticles and Catalysts in an Industrial Center by Using the Mathematical Modeling. Basic Appl. Sci. Res. 2013, 3, 141–144.
  • Yamashita, K.; Yamaguchi, Y.; Miyazaki, M.; Nakamura, H.; Shimizu, H.; Maeda, H. Direct Observation of Long-strand DNA Conformational Changing in Microchannel Flow and Microfluidic Hybridization Assay. Anal. Biochem. Chem. 2004, 332, 274–279.
  • Yang, A.; Zheng, Y.; Long, C; Chen, H.; Liu, B.; Li, X.; Yuan, J.; Cheng, F. Fluorescent Immunosorbent Assay for the Detection of Alpha Lactalbumin in Dairy Products with Monoclonal Antibody Bioconjugated with CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots. Food Chem. 2014, 150, 73–79.
  • Yang, Q.; Wang, J. X.; Shao, L.; Wang, Q. A.; Guo, F.; Chen, J. F.; Gu, L.; An, Y. T. High Throughput Methodology for Continuous Preparation of Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles in a Microporous Tube-in-tube Microchannel Reactor. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2010, 49, 140–147.
  • Yang, T. Y.; Uhlinger, D. J.; Ayers, S. A.; O'Hara, D. M.; Joyce, A. P. Challenges in Selectivity, Specificity and Quantitation Range of Ligand-binding Assays: Case Studies Using a Microfluidics Platform. Bioanalysis. 2014, 6, 1049–1057.
  • Yeo, L. Y.; Chang, H. C.; Chen, P. P. Y.; Friend, J. R. Microfluidic Devices for Bioapplications. Small. 2011, 7, 12–48.
  • Yeon, J. H.; Ryu, H. R.; Chung,M.; Hu, Q. P.; Jeon, N. J. In Vitro Formation and Characterization of a Perfusable Three-dimensional Tubular Capillary Network in Microfluidic Devices. Lab. Chip 2012, 12, 2815–2822.
  • Yin, Y.; Alivisatos, A. P. Colloidal Nanocrystal Synthesis and the Organic-inorganic Interface. Nature. 2005, 437, 664–670.
  • Yu, L.; Pan, Y.; Wang, C.; Zhang, L. A Two-phase Segmented Microfluidic Technique for One-step Continuous Versatile Preparation of Zeolites. Chem. Eng. J. 2013, 219, 78–85.
  • Yun, H. J.; Paik, T.; Edley, M. E.; Baxter, J. B.; Murray, C. B. Enhanced Charge Transfer Kinetics of CdSe Quantum Dot-sensitized Solar Cell by Inorganic Ligand Exchange Treatments. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 2014, 6, 3721–3728.
  • Zakaria, R.; Hamdan, K. S.; Khudus, M. I. M. A.; Penny, R. Optical Field Enhancement Effects on Sapphire Particles for Different Wavelengths and Substrate Media. Laser Phys. 2014, 24, 016001.
  • Zhang, L.; Wang, Y.; Tong, L; Xia, Y. Seed-Mediated Synthesis of Silver Nanocrystals with Controlled Sizes and Shapes in Droplet Microreactors Separated by Air. Langmuir. 2013, 29, 15719–15725.
  • Zhang, L.; Wang, Y.; Tong, L.; Xia, Y. Synthesis of Colloidal Metal Nanocrystals in Droplet Reactors: The Pros and Cons of Interfacial Adsorption. Nano. Lett. 2014, 14, 4189–4194.
  • Zhang, Q. X.; Xu, L. M.; Zhou, Y.; Wang, J. X.; Chen, J. F. Preparation of Drug Nanoparticles Using a T-junction Microchannel System. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2011, 50, 13805–13812.
  • Zhang, W.; Zhou, X.; Zhong, X. One-not Noninjection Synthesis of Cu-doped ZnxCd1-xS Nanocrystals with Emission Color Tunable Over Entire Visible Spectrum. Inorg Chem. 2012, 51, 3579–3587.
  • Zhao, B.; Moore, J. S.; Beebe, D. J. Surface-directed Liquid Flow Inside Microchannels. Science. 2001, 291, 1023–1026.
  • Zhao, C. X.; Middelberg, A. P. J. Microfluidic Synthesis of Monodisperse Hierarchical Silica Particles with Raspberry-like Morphology. RSC Adv. 2013, 3, 21227–21230.
  • Zhao, Y.; Shum, H. C.; Chen, H.; Adams, L. L. A.; Gu, Z.; Weitz, D. A. Microfluidic Generation of Multifunctional Quantum Dot Barcode Particles. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 8790–8793.
  • Zheng, B.; Tice, J. D.; Roach, L. S.; Ismagilov, R. F. A Droplet-based, Composite PDMS/Glass Capillary Microfluidic System for Evaluating Protein Crystallization Conditions by Microbatch and Vapor-diffusion Methods with On-Chip X-Ray Diffraction. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2004, 43, 2508–2511.
  • Zhu, Y.; Fang, Q. Analytical Detection Techniques for Droplet Microfluidics: A Review. Anal. Chim. Acta. 2013, 787, 24–35.
  • Ziegler, J.; Merkulov, A.; Grabolle, M.; Resch-Genger, U.; Nann, T. High-quality ZnS Shells for CdSe Nanoparticles: Rapid Microwave Synthesis. Langmuir 2007, 23, 7751–7759.
  • Zook, J. M.; Vreeland, W. N. Effects of Temperature, Acyl Chain Length and Flow-rate Ratio on Liposome Formation and Size in a Microfluidic Hydrodynamic Focusing device. Soft Mater. 2010, 6, 1352–1360.
  • Zou, R.; Fattach, A. I. A.; Xu, H.; Zhao, Y.; Hickmott, D. D. Storage and Separation Applications of Nanoporous Metal-organic Frameworks. Cryst. Eng. Comm.. 2010, 12, 1337–1353.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Order Reprints Request Corporate Permissions

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

Request Academic Permissions

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.

Related research

People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.

Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.

Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.