Comparison of Usefulness of Four Chelating Agents (EDTA, NTA, ODA and IDA) for the Chromatographic Separation of Micro and Macro Amounts of Rare Earth Elements

References

• Cotton, S. Lanthanide and Actinide Chemistry; Wiley: Chichester, 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Spedding, F. H.; Voigt, A. F.; Gladrow, E. M.; Sleight, N. R. The Separation of Rare Earths by Ion Exchange; Cerium and Yttrium. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1947, 69, 2777–2781. DOI: 10.1021/ja01203a058.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ketelle, B. H.; Boyd, G. E. The Exchange Adsorption of Ions from Aqueous Solutions by Organic Zeolites; the Separation of the Yttrium Group Rare Earths. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1947, 69, 2800–2812. DOI: 10.1021/ja01203a062.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marinsky, J. A.; Glendenin, L. E.; Coryell, C. D. The Chemical Identification of Radioisotopes of Neodymium and of Element 61. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1947, 69, 2781–2785. DOI: 10.1021/ja01203a059.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choppin, G. R.; Silva, R. J. Separation of the Lanthanides with Alpha-Hydroxyisobutyric Acid. J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 1956, 3, 153–154. DOI: 10.1016/0022-1902(56)80076-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seaborg, G. T. Poslednie Dostizheniya w Oblasti Transplutoniewykh Elementov. Atomnaya Energia 1959, 6, 21–23.
   Google Scholar
• Ghiorso, A.; Harvey, B. G.; Choppin, G. R.; Thompson, S. G.; Seaborg, G. T. New Element Mendelevium, Atomic Number 101. Phys. Rev. 1955, 98, 1518–1519. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRev.98.1518.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kołodyńska, D.; Fila, D.; Gajda, B.; Gega, J.; Hubicki, Z. Rare Earth Elements - Separation Methods Yesterday and Today. In Applications of Ion Exchange in the Environment; Inamuddin Ahamed, M. I., Asiri, A. M., Eds.; Springer: Cham, Switzerland, 2019; pp 161–182. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-10430-6_8.
   Google Scholar
• Chen, B.; He, M.; Zhang, H.; Jiang, Z.; Hu, B. Chromatographic Techniques for Rare Earth Elements Analysis. Phys. Sci. Rev. 2017, 2, 2016005. DOI: 10.1515/psr-2016-0057.
   Google Scholar
• Kurysheva, V. V.; Ivanova, E. A.; Prokhorva, P. E. Extractants for Rare Earth Metals. Cta. 2016, 3, 97–120. DOI: 10.15826/chimtech.2016.3.2.008.
   Google Scholar
• Pyrzyńska, K.; Kilian, K.; Pęgier, M. Separation and Purification of Scandium: From Industry to Medicine. Sep. Purif. Rev. 2019, 48, 65–77. DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2018.1430589.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dybczyński, R. S.; Kulisa, K. Nomadic Behavior of Sc and Y with Respect to Lanthanide Series. Analytical and Technological Aspects, A Review. Trends Analyt. Chem. 2019, 115, 23–38. DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.03.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Da Costa, T. B.; Da Silva, M. G. C.; Vieira, M. G. A. Recovery of Rare-earth Metals from Aqueous Solutions by Bio/adsorption Using Non-conventional Materials: A Review with Recent Studies and Promising Approaches in Column Applications. J. Rare Earths 2020, 38, 339–355. DOI: 10.1016/j.jre.2019.06.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuang, S. T.; Liao, W. P. Progress in the Extraction and Separation of Rare Earths and Related Metals with Novel Extractants: A Review. Sci. China Technol. Sci. 2018, 61, 1319–1328. DOI: 10.1007/s11431-018-9295-0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu, Y.; Florek, J.; Larivière, D.; Fontaine, F.-G.; Kleitz, F. Recent Advances in the Separation of Rare Earth Elements Using Mesoporous Hybrid Materials. Chem. Rec. 2018, 18, 1261–1276. DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800012.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prishibil, R. Kompleksony v Khimicheskom Analize; Izdat. Innostrannoi Literatury: Moskva, 1960.
   Google Scholar
• Wheelwright, E. J.; Spedding, F. H.; Schwarzenbach, G. The Stability of the Rare Earth Complexes Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 4196–4201. DOI: 10.1021/ja01113a020.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cornish, F. W.; Phillips, G.; Thomas, A. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid and Citric Acid as Eluants in Ion Exchange Separation of Rare Earths. Can. J. Chem. 1956, 34, 1471–1482. DOI: 10.1139/v56-189.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore, B.W.; Froisland, L. J.; Petersen, A. E. Rapid Separation of Heavy Rare-earth Elements, Report of investigation 9564, United States Department of Interior. Bureau of Mines: Salt Lake City, UT, 1995.
   Google Scholar
• Dybczyński, R. S.; Kulisa, K. Effect of α-hydroxyacid and of Temperature on Rare Earth Elements (REE) Separation by Ion Chromatography. Chem. Anal. (Warsaw) 2009, 54, 437–457.
   Google Scholar
• Spedding, F. H.; Powell, J. E.; Wheelwright, E. J. The Use of Copper As the Retaining Ion in the Elution of Rare Earths with Ammonium Ethylenediamine tetraacetate Solutions. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 2557–2560. DOI: 10.1021/ja01638a075.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huffman, E. H.; Oswalt, R. L. A Rare Earth Separation by Anion Exchange. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72, 3323–3324. DOI: 10.1021/ja01163a556.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dybczyński, R. Rozdzielanie Metali Ziem Rzadkich Na Anionitach. Chem. Anal. (Warsaw) 1959, 4, 531–534.
   Google Scholar
• Dybczyński, R. Separation of Rare Earths on Anion Exchange Resin. Mitteilungsblatt Der Chemischen Gesellschaft in der DDR. Sonderheft, Analytische Chemie 1960, 393–401.
   Google Scholar
• Minczewski, J.; Dybczyński, R. Anion Exchange Behavior of the Rare Earth Complexes with Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid. Chem. Anal. (Warsaw) 1961, 6, 275–277.
   Google Scholar
• Minczewski, J.; Dybczyński, R. Separation of Rare Earths on Anion Exchange Resins –II. Institute of Nuclear Research Report No. 229/VIII 1961, 1–23.
   Google Scholar
• Minczewski, J.; Dybczyński, R. Separation of Rare Earths on Anion Exchange Resins. II. Anion Exchange Behavior of the Rare Earth Complexes with Ehylenediaminetatraacetic Acid. J. Chromatogr. 1962, 7, 98–111. DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)86386-X.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minczewski, J.; Dybczyński, R. Separation of Rare Earths on Anion Exchange Resins. III. The Position of Scandium in the Separation Scheme of Rare Earth Complexes with Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. J. Chromatogr. 1962, 7, 568–569.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dybczyński, R. Separation of rare earths on anion exchange resins. IV. Influence of Temperature on Anion Exchange Behavior of the Rare Earth Ethylenediaminetetraacetates. J. Chromatogr. 1964, 14, 79–96. DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)86590-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marsh, J. K. The Separation of the Lantanons with the Aid of Ethylenediaminetetra-acetic Acid (“Enta Acid”) Part V. The solubilities of Some Lanthanon Enta Salts. J. Chem. Soc. 1955, 451–452. DOI: 10.1039/JR9550000451.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dybczyński, R. Wpływ Temperatury i Usieciowania Jonitu na Reakcje Wymiany Jonowej i Przebieg Rozdzielań Chromatograficznych. Institute of Nuclear Research Report No.1115/VIII/C; Institute of Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland, 1969.
   Google Scholar
• Dybczyński, R. Effect of Resin Cross-linking on the Anion Exchange Separation of Rare Earth – EDTA Complexes. J. Chromatogr. 1970, 50, 487–503. DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9673(00)97977-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dybczyński, R. A New Criterion for the Qualitative Identification of Substances by Means of Ion – Exchange Chromatography. Anal. Chim. Acta 1963, 29, 369–372. DOI: 10.1016/S0003-2670(00)88631-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dybczyński, R. Some Fundamental Problems of Ion Exchange Chromatography and Their Significance for Chemical Analysis and Radiochemistry. Nukleonika 1976, 21, 547–564.
   Google Scholar
• Wódkiewicz, L.; Dybczyński, R. Anion Exchange Behavior of the Rare Earth Complexes with Trans1,2-Diaminocyclohexane-N,N’-Tetraacetic Acid. J. Chromatogr. 1968, 32, 394–402. DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)80506-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dymczyński, R.; Wódkiewicz, L. Effect of Temperature on Anion Exchange of the Rare Earth Rans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane-N,N-tetraacetates and the Structure of Complex Ions. J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 1969, 31, 1495–1506. DOI: 10.1016/0022-1902(69)80266-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wódkiewicz, L.; Dybczyński, R. Suite Des Etudes Sur Les Echanges D’anions Des Complexes Des Terres Rares Avec L’acide Trans Diamino-1,2-Cyclohexane N,N’-tetraacetique. Chem. Anal. (Warsaw) 1969, 34, 437–445.
   Google Scholar
• Wódkiewicz, L.; Dybczyński, R. Effect of Resin Cross-Linking on the Anion-Exchange Separation of Rare Earth Complexes with DCTA. J. Chromatogr. 1972, 68, 131–141. DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9673(00)88770-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hubicka, H.; Kołodyńska, D. Separation of Rare-earth Element Complexes with Trans- 1.2-Diaminocyclohxexane-N,N,N’,N’-Tetraacetic Acid on Polyactrylate Anion Exchangers. Hydrometallurgy 2004, 71, 343–350. DOI: 10.1016/S0304-386X(03)00086-0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minczewski, J.; Dybczyński, R. Determination of Rare Earths by Neutron Activation Method with the Aid of Ion Exchange Chromatography. Analysis of Spectrally Pure Erbium Oxide. Chem. Anal. (Warsaw) 1965, 10, 1113–1122.
   Google Scholar
• Dybczyński, R.; Sterliński, S. Oznaczanie Makro i Śladowych Ilości Lantanu w Tlenku Prazeodymu Metodą Neutronowej Analizy Aktywacyjnej. Chem. Anal. (Warsaw) 1972, 6, 1275–1289.
   Google Scholar
• Dybczyński, R.; Sterliński, S.; Golian, C. Neutron Activation Determination of Lanthanum in Praseodymium Oxide Near the Detection Limit. Comparison of Various Procedures. J. Radioanal. Chem. 1973, 16, 105–114. DOI: 10.1007/BF02517856.
   Google Scholar
• Dybczyński, R. Investigations on the Effect of Flow Rate, Loading and Other Factors Upon the Effectiveness of Radiochemical Separations by Ion Exchange Chromatography. J. Radioanal. Chem. 1976, 31, 115–137. DOI: 10.1007/BF02516473.
   Google Scholar
• Danko, B.; Samczyński, Z.; Dybczyński, R. Analytical Scheme for Group Separation of the Lanthanides from Biological Materials Before Their Determination by Neutron Activation Analysis. Chem. Anal. (Warsaw) 2006, 51, 527–539.
   Google Scholar
• Danko, B.; Dybczyński, R. S.; Samczyński, Z. The Accurate Determination of Individual Lanthanides in Biological Materials by NAA with Pre- and Post-Irradiation Separation. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 2008, 278, 81–88. DOI: 10.1007/s10967-007-7193-0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bulska, E.; Danko, B.; Dybczyński, R. S.; Krata, A.; Kulisa, K.; Samczyński, Z.; Wojciechowski, M. Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry in Comparison with Neutron Activation and Ion Chromatography with UV/VIS Detection for the Determination of Lanthanides in Plant Materials. Talanta 2012, 97, 303–311. DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.04.035.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia Fernández, R.; Garcia Alonso, J. I. Separation of Rare Earth Elements by Anion-Exchange Chromatography using Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid as Mobile Phase. J. Chromatogr. A 2008, 1180, 59–65. DOI: DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.12.008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dybczyński, R. S.; Czerska, E.; Danko, B.; Kulisa, K.; Samczyński, Z. Comparison of Performance of INAA, RNAA and Ion Chromatography for the Determination of Individual Lanthanides. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 2010, 68, 23–27. DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2009.09.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dybczyński, R. S.; Kulisa, K. Unusual Elution Sequence of Rare Earth Elements (REE) in Some Ion Chromatographic Systems and the Effect of Temperature. Sep. Sci. Technol. 2011, 46, 1767–1775. DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2011.572939.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuroda, R.; Wada, T.; Kokubo, Y.; Oguma, K. Ion Interaction Chromatography of Nitrilotriacetatocomplexes of the Rare Earth Elements with Post-Column Reaction Detection. Talanta 1993, 40, 237–241. DOI: 10.1016/0039-9140(93)80328-O.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kremer, C.; Torres, J.; Dominguez, S. Lanthanide Complexes with ODA, IDA, and NTA: From Discrete Coordination Compounds to Supramolecular Assemblies. J. Mol. Struct. 2008, 879, 130–149. DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2007.08.024.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dybczyński, R. S.; Kulisa, K.; Pyszynska, M.; Bojanowska-Czajka, A. New Reversed Phase-High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method for Selective Separation of Yttrium from All Rare Earth Elements Employing Nitrilotriacetate Complexes in Anion Exchange Mode. J. Chromatogr. A 2015, 1386, 74–80. DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.01.091.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shannon, R. D. Revised Effective Ionic Radii and Systematic Studies of Interatomic Distances in Halides and Chalcogenides. Acta Cryst. A 1976, 32, 751–767. DOI: 10.1107/S0567739476001551.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dybczyński, R. S.; Pyszynska, M.; Kulisa, K.; Bojanowska-Czajka, A. Selective Separation of Yttrium from Rare Earth Elements by Ion Interaction Chromatography. Analytical and Larger Scale Applications. Sep. Sci. Technol. 2020, 55, 1364–1379. DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2019.1588316.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higgins, G. H.; Street, K. Note on the Ion Exchange Separation of Europium, Gadolinium and Terbium. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72, 5321–5322. DOI: 10.1021/ja01167a517.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samczyński, Z. Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology. In Personal Communication; Warsaw, Poland, 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Bruzzoniti, M. C.; Mentasti, E.; Sarzanini, C. Determination of Lanthanides by Ion Chromatography. Separation and Retention Mechanism. Anal. Chim. Acta 1997, 353, 239–244. DOI: 10.1016/S0003-2670(97)87782-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bagwandin, R. An Evaluation of Chromatographic Modes for the Determination of Rare Earth Elements in Geological Materials by HPLC-ICP-MS. M.Sc. Thesis, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Ahmed, S. H. Ion Chromatographic Determination of Yttrium after Separation from Dysprosium Simultaneously with Individual Quantification of Rare Earth Elements. Al-Azhar Bull. Sci. 2020, 31, 19–32. DOI: 10.21608/absb.2020.111464.
   Google Scholar
• Dybczyński, R. S.; Kulisa, K. Separation of Rare Earth Elements (REE) by Ion Interaction Chromatography (IIC) Using Diglycolic Acid (ODA) as a Complexing Agent. Chromatographia 2021, 84, 473–482. DOI: 10.1007/s10337-021-04025-y.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dybczyński, R. S.; Kulisa, K. Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology. In Personal Communication; Warsaw, Poland, 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Torres, J.; Kremer, C.; Dominguez, S. Chemical Speciation of Polynuclear Complexes Containing [Ln2M3L6] Units. Pure Appl. Chem. 2008, 80, 1303–1316. DOI: 10.1351/pac200880061303.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nesterenko, P. N.; Jones, P. First Isocratic Separation of Fourteen Lanthanides and Yttrium by High Performance Chelation Ion Chromatography. Anal. Commun. 1997, 34, 7–8. DOI: 10.1039/a607966k.
   Google Scholar
• Nesterenko, P. N.; Jones, P. Isocratic Separation of Lanthanides and Yttrium by High- performance Chelation Ion Chromatography on Iminodiacetic Acid Bonded to Silica. J. Chromatogr. A 1998, 804, 223–231. DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9673(97)01272-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumagai, H.; Inoue, Y.; Yokoyama, T.; Suzuki, T. M.; Suzuki, T. Chromatographic Selectivity of Rare Earth Elements on Iminodiacetate-Type Chelating Resins Having Spacer Arms of Different Lengths: Importance of Steric Flexibility of Functional Group in a Polymer Chelating Resin. Anal. Chem. 1998, 70, 4070–4073. DOI: 10.1021/ac980334v.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirose, A.; Kobori, K.; Ishii, D. Determination of Rare Earth Elements and Heavy Metals in River Water by Preconcentration on Chelex 100 and Neutron Activation. Anal. Chim. Acta 1978, 97, 303–310. DOI: 10.1016/S0003-2670(01)93436-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu, Z.; Zheng, A. Fast Determination of Yttrium and Rare Earth Elements in Seawater by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry after Online Flow Injection Pretreatment. Molecules 2018, 23, 489. DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020489.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polido Legaria, E.; Samouhos, M.; Kessler, V. G.; Seisenbaeva, G. A. Toward Molecular Recognition of REEs: Comparative Analysis of Hybrid Nanosorbents with the Different Complexonate Ligands EDTA, DTPA, and TTHA. Inorg. Chem. 2017, 56, 13938–13948. DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02056.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashour, R. M.; Samouhos, M.; Polido Legaria, E.; Svärd, M.; Högblom, J.; Forsberg, K.; Palmlöf, M.; Kessler, V. G.; Seisenbaeva, G. A.; Rasmuson, Å. C. DTPA-Functionalized Silica Nano- and Microparticles for Adsorption and Chromatographic Separation of Rare Earth Elements. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 2018, 6, 6889–6900. DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b00725.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu, Y.; Misal Castro, L. C.; Drouin, E.; Florek, J.; Kählig, H.; Larivière, D.; Kleitz, F.; Fontaine, F. G. Size-Selective Separation of Rare Earth Elements Using Functionalized Mesoporous Silica Materials. ACS Appl. Mater Interfaces 2019, 11, 23681–23691. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b04183.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seisenbaeva, G. A.; Ali, L. M. A.; Vardanyan, A.; Gary-Bobo, M.; Budnyak, T. M.; Kessler, V. G.; Durand, J. O. Mesoporous Silica Adsorbents Modified with Amino Polycarboxylate Ligands – Functional Characteristics, Health and Environmental Effects. J. Hazard. Mater. 2021, 406, 124698.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• REE. Rare Earth Elements and their Uses. https://geology.com/articles/rare-earth-elements/.
   Google Scholar
• Gholz, E. Rare Earth Elements and National Security, Council on Foreign Relations, October 2014. https://www.cfr.org/sites/default/files/pdf/2014/10/EnergyReport_Gholz.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Ziemkiewicz, P.; He, T.; Noble, A.; Liu, X. Recovery of Rare Earth Elements (REEs) from Coal Mine Drainage. U.S. Department of Energy. 2016. https://wvmdtaskforce.files.wordpress.com/2016/04/2016-etd30-pfz-a.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Borra, C. R.; Blanpain, B.; Pontikes, Y.; Binnemans, K.; Van Gerven, T. Recovery of Rare Earths and Other Valuable Metals from Bauxite Residue (Red Mud). A Review. J. Sustain. Metall. 2016, 2, 365–386. DOI: 10.1007/s40831-016-0068-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ambaye, T. G.; Vaccari, M.; Castro, F. D.; Prasad, S.; Rtimi, S. Emerging Technologies for the Recovery of Rare Earth Elements (REEs) from the End-Of-Life Electronic Wastes: A Review on Progress, Challenges, and Perspectives. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int. 2020, 27, 36052–36074. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09630-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sethurajan, M.; Van Hullebusch, E. D.; Fontana, D.; Akcil, A.; Deveci, H.; Batinic, B.; Leal, J. P.; Gasche, T. A.; Kucuker, M. A.; Kuchta, K.; et al. Recent Advances on Hydrometallurgical Recovery of Critical and Precious Elements from End of Life Electronic Wastes – A Review. Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2019, 49, 212–275. DOI: 10.1080/10643389.2018.1540760.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cardoso, C. E. D.; Almeida, J. C.; Lopes, C. B.; Trindade, T.; Vale, C.; Pereira, E. Recovery of Rare Earth Elements by Carbon-based Nanomaterials – A Review. Nanomaterials 2019, 9, 814. DOI: 10.3390/nano9060814.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tunsu, C.; Ekberg, C.; Foreman, M.; Retegan, T. Studies on the Solvent Extraction of Rare Earth Metals from Fluorescent Lamp Waste Using Cyanex 923. Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. 2014, 32, 650–668. DOI: 10.1080/07366299.2014.925297.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoon, H. S.; Kim, C. J.; Chung, K. W.; Kim, S. D.; Gh.Kumar, J. R. Recovery Process for the Rare Earths from Permanent Magnet Scraps Leach Liquor. J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 2015, 26, 1143–1151. DOI: 10.5935/0103-5053.20150077.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar