Advanced search
Publication Cover
C R C Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry Volume 6, 1976 - Issue 1
Journal homepage
91
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Nicotinamide-Nad Sequence: Redox Processes and Related Behavior: Behavior and Properties of Intermediate and Final Products

Philip J. Elving
,
Conrad O. Schmakel
,
K. S. V. Santhanam
&
P. Zuman
Pages 1-67 | Published online: 18 Feb 2008

REFERENCES

  • Fisher H. F. Conn E. E. Vennesland B. Westheimer F. H. , J. Biol. Chem. , 202 , 687 ( 1953 ).
  • Pullman M. E. San Pietro A. Colowick S. P. , J. Biol. Chem. , 206 , 129 ( 1954 ).
  • Rodkey F. L. , J. Biol. Chem. , 213 , 777 ( 1955 ).
  • Rodkey F. L. Donovan J. A. , J. Biol. Chem. , 234 , 677 ( 1959 ).
  • Janik B. Elving P. J. , Chem. Rev. , 68 , 295 ( 1968 ).
  • Thevenot D. Hammouya G. , Experientia Suppl. , 18 , 631 ( 1972 ).
  • Thevenot D. Buvet R. , J. Electroanal. Chem. , 39 , 429 ( 1972 ).
  • Thevenot D. Buvet R. , J. Electroanal. Chem. , 39 , 447 ( 1972 ).
  • Underwood , A. L. and Burnett , J. N. 1972 . Electroanalytical Chemistry , Edited by: Bard , A. J. Vol. 6 , 1 New York : Marcel Dekker .
  • Elving , P. J. , O'Reilly , J. E. and Schmakel , C. O. 1973 . Methods of Biochemical Analysis , Edited by: Glick , D. Vol. 21 , 287 New York : Interscience .
  • Kaplan , N. O. 1960 . The Enzymes , Edited by: Boyer , P. D. , Lardy , H. and Myrbäck , K. Vol. 3 , 105 New York : Academic Press .
  • Janik B. Elving P. J. , J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 92 , 235 ( 1970 ).
  • Carruthers C. Tech J. , Arch. Biochem. Biophys. , 56 , 441 ( 1955 ).
  • Schmakel C. O. Santhanam K. S. V. Elving P. J. , J. Electrochem. Soc. , 121 , 1033 ( 1974 ).
  • Berg H. , personal communication.
  • Hanschmann , H. 1970 . Doctoral dissertation , Jena, E. Germany : Friedrich Schiller University .
  • Tompkins P. C. Schmidt C. L. A. , Univ. Calif. Berkeley Publ. Physiol. , 8 , 237 ( 1943 ).
  • Ciusa W. Strocchi P. M. Adamo G. , Gazz. Chim. Ital. , 80 , 604 ( 1950 ).
  • Leach S. J. Baxendale J. H. Evans M. G. , Aust. J. Chem. , 6 , 395 ( 1953 ).
  • Burnett J. N. Underwood A. L. , J. Org. Chem. , 30 , 1154 ( 1965 ).
  • Cunningham A. J. , Ph.D. thesis, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia , 1966 .
  • Cunningham A. J. Underwood A. L. , Biochemistry , 6 , 266 ( 1967 ).
  • Land E. J. Swallow A. J. , Biochim. Biophys. Acta , 162 , 327 ( 1968 ).
  • Knobloch E. , Chem. Listy , 39 , 54 ( 1945 ).
  • Knobloch E. , Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun. , 12 , 407 ( 1947 ).
  • Moret V. , Arch. Sci. Biol. , 39 , 456 ( 1955 ).
  • Sancho J. Salmeron P. Hurtado J. G. , An. R. Soc. Esp. Fis. Quim., Ser. B , 55 , 23 ( 1959 ).
  • Peingor E. Farsang G. , Acta Chim. Acad. Sci. Hung. , 27 , 175 ( 1961 ).
  • Yamada S. Kikugawa Y. , Chem. Ind. , 52 , 2169 ( 1966 ).
  • Carruthers C. Suntzeff V. , Arch. Biochem. Biophys. , 45 , 140 ( 1953 ).
  • Santhanam K. S. V. Elving P. J. , J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 95 , 5482 ( 1973 ).
  • Smith D. L. Elving P. J. , J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 84 , 1412 ( 1962 ).
  • Webb J. W. Janik B. Elving P. J. , J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 95 , 8495 ( 1973 ).
  • Santhanam K. S. V. Elving P. J. , J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 96 , 1653 ( 1974 ).
  • Santhanam K. S. V. Schmakel C. O. Elving P. J. , Bioelectrochem. Bioenergetics , 1 , 147 ( 1974 ).
  • Adams , R. N. 1969 . Electrochemistry at Solid Electrodes , New York : Marcel Dekker .
  • Bard , A. J. and Santhanam , K. S. V. 1970 . Electroanalytical Chemistry , Edited by: Bard , A. J. Vol. 4 , 215 New York : Marcel Dekker .
  • Breyer , B. and Bauer , H. H. 1963 . Alternating Current Polarography and Tensammetry , New York : Interscience .
  • Heyrovsky , J. and Kuta , J. 1966 . Principles of Polarography , New York : Academic Press .
  • Nicholson R. S. Shain I. , Anal. Chem. , 36 , 706 ( 1964 ); 37 , 178, 197 ( 1965 ).
  • Nürnberg , H. W. 1974 . Electroanalytical Chemistry , New York : Interscience .
  • Sawyer , D. T. and Roberts , J. L. 1974 . Experimental Electrochemistry for Chemists , New York : Interscience .
  • Smith , D. E. 1966 . Electroanalytical Chemistry , Edited by: Bard , A. J. Vol. 1 , 1 New York : Marcel Dekker .
  • Smith D. E. , Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem. , 2 ( 2 ), 247 ( 1971 ).
  • Weissberger , A. and Rossiter , B. W. 1971 . Physical Methods of Chemistry , New York : Interscience .
  • Allen , M. J. 1958 . Organic Electrode Processes , New York : Reinhold .
  • Baizer , M. M. 1973 . Organic Electrochemistry , New York : Marcel Dekker .
  • Brezina , M. and Zuman , P. 1958 . Polarography in Medicine, Biochemistry, and Pharmacy , New York : Interscience .
  • Clark , W. M. 1960 . Oxidation-Reduction Potentials of Organic Systems , Baltimore : Williams and Wilkins .
  • Elving P. J. , Pure Appl. Chem. , 7 , 423 ( 1963 ).
  • Mann , C. K. and Barnes , K. K. 1970 . Electrochemical Reactions in Nonaqueous Systems , New York : Marcel Dekker .
  • Milazzo , G. , Jones , P. and Rampazzo , L. 1971 . Biological Aspects of Electrochemistry , Basle : Birkhäuser .
  • Tomilov , A. P. , Mairanovskii , S. G. , Fioshin , M. Ya. and Smirnov , V. A. 1972 . Electrochemistry of Organic Compounds , New York : Halsted Press .
  • Zuman , P. 1973 . Experimental Methods in Biophysical Chemistry , Edited by: Nicolau , C. 393 New York : John Wiley & Sons .
  • Schmakel C. O. Santhanam K. S. V. Elving P. J. , J. Electrochem. Soc. , 121 , 345 ( 1974 ).
  • Braun R. D. Santhanam K. S. V. Elving P. J. , J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 97 , 2591 ( 1975 ).
  • Schmakel C. O. Santhanam K. S. V. Elving P. J. , J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 97 , 5083 ( 1975 ).
  • Meites , L. 1965 . Polarographic Techniques , New York : John Wiley & Sons .
  • Kolthoff I. M. Coetzee J. F. , J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 79 , 870 ( 1957 ).
  • Broadhead J. Elving P. J. , J. Electrochem. Soc. , 118 , 63 ( 1971 ).
  • Bonnaterre R. Cauquis G. , J. Electroanal. Chem. , 32 , 199 ( 1971 ).
  • Kolthoff I. M. Chantooni M. K. Jr Bhowsnik S. , J. Am. Soc. , 90 , 23 ( 1968 ).
  • Brown , E. R. and Large , R. F. 1971 . Physical Methods of Chemistry , Edited by: Weissberger , A. and Rossiter , B. N. 423 New York : John Wiley & Sons .
  • Heyrovsky , J. and Kuta , J. 1966 . Principles of Polarography , 396 New York : Academic Press .
  • Mairanovskii S. G. , J. Electroanal. Chem. , 4 , 166 ( 1962 ).
  • Mairanovskii S. G. , Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR , 110 , 593 ( 1956 ).
  • Wallenfels K. Schuly H. , Ann. Chem. , 621 , 106 ( 1959 ).
  • Wallenfels K. , Ciba Foundation Study Group , 2 , 10 ( 1959 ).
  • Chaykin S. Meissner L. , Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , 14 , 233 ( 1964 ).
  • Chaykin S. King L. Watson J. G. , Biochim. Biophys. Acta , 124 , 13 ( 1966 ).
  • Chaykin S. , Ann. Rev. Biochem. , 36 , 161 ( 1967 ).
  • Sund , H. 1967 . Biological Oxidations , Edited by: Singer , T. P. 603 New York : Interscience .
  • Maggiora G. Johansen H. Ingraham L. L. , Arch. Biochem. Biophys. , 131 , 352 ( 1969 ).
  • Wallenfels K. Gellrich M. , Chem. Ber. , 92 , 1406 ( 1959 ).
  • Siegel J. M. Montgomery G. A. Bock R. M. , Arch. Biochem. Biophys. , 82 , 288 ( 1959 ).
  • Winer A. D. , J. Biol. Chem. , 239 , PC3598 ( 1964 ).
  • Schwartz W. M. Posower E. M. Shain I. , J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 83 , 3164 ( 1961 ).
  • Bruhlmann U. Hayon E. , J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 96 , 6169 ( 1974 ).
  • Commoner B. Heise J. H. Lippincott J. J. Norbag B. B. Passonneau R. E. Townsend J. , Science , 126 , 57 ( 1957 ).
  • Mahler , H. R. and Brand , L. 1961 . Free Radicals in Biological Systems , Edited by: Blois , M. S. Jr , Brown , J. W. , Lemmon , R. M. , Lindblom , R. O. and Weissbluth , M. 157 New York : Academic Press .
  • Burnett R. W. Underwood A. L. , Biochemistry , 7 , 3328 ( 1968 ).
  • Stein G. Swallow A. J. , J. Chem. Soc. , 306 ( 1958 ).
  • Traber W. Karrer P. , Helv. Chim. Acta , 41 , 2066 ( 1958 ).
  • Dubb H. E. Saunders M. Wang J. H. , J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 80 , 1767 ( 1958 ).
  • Hutton R. F. Westheimer F. H. , Tetrahedron , 3 , 73 ( 1958 ).
  • Rafter G. W. Colowick S. P. , J. Biol. Chem. , 209 , 773 ( 1954 ).
  • Struck W. A. Elving P. J. , J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 86 , 1229 ( 1964 ).
  • Burnett J. N. Underwood A. L. , Biochemistry , 4 , 2060 ( 1965 ).
  • Cunningham A. J. Underwood A. L. , Arch. Biochem. Biophys. , 117 , 88 ( 1966 ).
  • Blaedel W. J. Haas R. G. , Anal. Chem. , 42 , 918 ( 1970 ).
  • Leduc P. Thevenot D. , Bioelectrochem. Bioenergetics , 1 , 94 ( 1974 ).
  • Leduc P. Thevenot D. , J. Electroanal. Chem. , 47 , 543 ( 1973 ).
  • Bergmeyer , H. V. 1963 . Methods of Enzymatic Analysis , Edited by: Bergmeyer , H. V. 290 New York : Academic Press .
  • Mathews C. K. Huennekens F. M. , J. Biol. Chem. , 238 , 3436 ( 1963 ).
  • Nicholson R. S. Shain I. , Anal. Chem. , 36 , 706 ( 1964 ).
  • Bonnichsen , R. 1963 . Methods of Enzymatic Analysis , Edited by: Bergmeyer , H. V. 285 New York : Academic Press .
  • Anderson A. C. Berkelhammer G. , J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 80 , 992 ( 1958 ).
  • Stock A. Sann E. Pfleiderer G. , Ann. Chem. , 647 , 188 ( 1961 ).
  • Johnston C. C. Gardner J. L. Suelter C. H. Metzler D. E. , Biochemistry , 2 , 689 ( 1963 ).
  • Alivisatos S. G. A. Ungar F. Abraham G. J. , Biochemistry , 4 , 2616 ( 1965 ).
  • Haas E. , Biochem. Z. , 288 , 123 ( 1936 ).
  • Wallenfels K. Schüly H. , Biochem. Z. , 329 , 75 ( 1957/58 ).
  • Marti M. Viscontini M. Karrer P. , Helv. Chim. Acta , 39 , 1451 ( 1956 ).
  • Kosower , E. M. 1962 . Molecular Biochemistry , 166 New York : McGraw-Hill .
  • McClemens D. J. Garrison A. K. Underwood A. L. , J. Org. Chem. , 34 , 1867 ( 1969 ).
  • Swallow A. J. , Biochem. J. , 61 , 197 ( 1955 ).
  • Willard , H. H. , Merritt , L. L. Jr and Dean , J. A. 1965 . Instrumental Methods of Analysis , 374 Princeton : Van Nostrand Company .
  • Perrin , D. D. 1965 . Dissociation Constants of Organic Bases in Aqueous Solution , London : Butterworths .
  • Pullman , B. and Pullman , A. 1963 . Quantum Biochemistry , New York : Interscience .
  • Warburg O. Christian N. Griese A. , Biochem. Z. 282 , 157 ( 1935 ).
  • Hoytink , G. J. 1970 . Advances in Electrochemistry and Electrochemical Engineering , Edited by: Delahay , P. Vol. 7 , 221 New York : Interscience .
  • O'Reilly J. E. Elving P. J. , J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 94 , 7941 ( 1972 ).
  • Peover , M. E. 1967 . Electroanalytical Chemistry , Edited by: Bard , A. J. Vol. 2 , 1 New York : Marcel Dekker .
  • Perrin , C. L. 1965 . Progress in Physical Organic Chemistry , Edited by: Cohen , S. G. , Streitwieser , A. and Taft , R. W. Vol. 3 , 165 New York : John Wiley & Sons .
  • Dietz , R. 1973 . Organic Electrochemistry , Edited by: Baizer , M. M. 253 New York : Marcel Dekker .
  • Trémillion , B. 1971 . La Chimie en Solvants Non-Aqueux , p 14 62 Paris : Presses Universitaires du France .
  • Kolthoff I. M. Reddy T. B. , J. Electrochem. Soc. , 108 , 980 ( 1961 ).
  • Mairanovskii S. G. , J. Electroanal. Chem. , 6 , 77 ( 1963 ).
  • Schmakel C. O. , Ph.D. thesis, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan , 1971 .
  • Paiss Y. Stein G. , J. Chem. Soc. , 2905 ( 1958 ).
  • Marcus R. , J. Phys. Chem. , 67 , 853 ( 1963 ).
  • Smith D. E. McCord T. G. , Anal. Chem. , 40 , 474 ( 1968 ).
  • Olmstead M. L. Hamilton R. G. Nicholson R. S. , Anal. Chem. , 41 , 260 ( 1969 ).
  • Bowie W. T. Feldman M. , J. Phys. Chem. , 71 , 3696 ( 1967 ).
  • Wilson A. M. Epple D. G. , Biochemistry , 5 , 3170 ( 1966 ).
  • Nicholson R. S. , Anal. Chem. , 37 , 667 ( 1965 ).
  • Saveant J. M. , Electrochim. Acta , 12 , 999 ( 1967 ).
  • Andrieux C. P. Nadjo L. Saveant J. M. , J. Electroanal. Chem. , 26 , 147 ( 1970 ).
  • Feldberg , S. W. 1969 . Electroanalytical Chemistry , Edited by: Bard , A. J. Vol. 3 , 199 New York : Marcel Dekker .
  • Evans D. H. , J. Phys. Chem. , 76 , 1160 ( 1972 ).
  • Murray , R. W. 1971 . Physical Methods of Chemistry , Edited by: Weissberger , A. and Rossiter , B. W. 616 New York : Wiley .
  • Davis , D. G. 1966 . Electroanalytical Chemistry , Edited by: Bard , A. J. Vol. 1 , 157 New York : Marcel Dekker .
  • a. Hayes J. W. Ruzic I. Smith D. E. Booman G. L. Delmastro J. R. , J. Electroanal. Chem. , 51 , 269 ( 1974 ).
  • Aylward G. H. Hayes J. W. , Anal. Chem. , 37 , 195 ( 1965 ).
  • Matsuda K. Tamamushi R. , Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn , 41 , 1563 ( 1968 ).
  • Puglisi V. G. Bard A. J. , personal communication.
  • Laidler , K. J. 1965 . Chemical Kinetics , 215 New York : McGraw-Hill .
  • Land E. J. Swallow A. J. , Biochem. Biophys. Acta , 234 , 34 ( 1971 ).
  • Wilson R. L. , Chem. Communs. , 1970 , 1005 .
  • Pullman B. Pullman A. , Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , 45 , 136 ( 1959 ).
  • Itoh M. Nagakura S. , Tetrahedron Lett. , 8 , 417 ( 1965 ).
  • Rieger P. H. Bernal I. Reinmuth W. H. Fraenkel G. K. , J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 85 , 683 ( 1963 ).
  • Wallenfels K. Schuly H. , Ann. Chem. , 621 , 106 ( 1959 ).
  • Kosower , E. M. 1962 . Molecular Biochemistry , 173 New York : McGraw-Hill .
  • Peover M. E. , Electrochim. Acta , 13 , 1083 ( 1968 ).
  • Pullman , B. and Pullman , A. 1963 . Quantum Biochemistry , 106 New York : Interscience .
  • Song , P. S. 1970 . Quantum Aspects of Heterocyclic Compounds in Chemistry and Biochemistry , Edited by: Bergmann , E. D. and Pullman , B. 358 Jerusalem : Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities .
  • Conn , E. E. and Stumpf , P. K. 1972 . Outlines of Biochemistry , New York : John Wiley & Sons .
  • Lehninger A. L. Benjamin W. A. , Bioenergetics , New York , 1965 .
  • Sund , H. and Theorell , H. 1963 . The Enzymes , Edited by: Boyer , P. D. , Lardy , H. and Myrbäck , K. Vol. 7 , 25 New York : Academic Press .
  • Lowenstein J. M. , J. Biol. Chem. , 236 , 1213 ( 1961 ).
  • Foster D. W. Bloom B. , J. Biol. Chem. , 236 , 2548 ( 1961 ).
  • Green D. E. , Compr. Biochem. , 14 , 309 ( 1966 ).
  • Kirsch J. F. , Ann. Rev. Biochem. , 42 , 205 ( 1973 ).
  • Thurman , R. G. , Williamson , J. R. , Yonetani , Y. and Chance , B. 1974 . Alcohol and Aldehyde Metabolizing Systems , New York : Academic Press .
  • Boyer , P. D. , ed. 1975 . The Enzymes , Vol. XI , New York : Academic Press . a
  • Sund , H. , ed. 1970 . Pyridine Nucleotide-Dependent Dehydrogenases , Berlin : Springer-Verlag .
  • Colowick S. P. van Eys J. Park J. H. , Compr. Biochem. , 14 , 1 ( 1966 ).
  • Bruice T. C. Benkovic S. J. Benjamin W. A. , Bioorganic Mechanisms , New York , 1966 , 301 .
  • Stewart R. Benjamin W. A. , Oxidation Mechanisms , New York , 1964 , 134 .
  • Westheimer F. H. , Advan. Enzymol. Relat. Subj. Biochem. , 24 , 441 ( 1962 ).
  • Westheimer F. H. Fisher H. F. Conn E. E. Vennesland B. , J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 73 , 2403 ( 1951 ).
  • Loewus F. A. Vennesland B. Harris D. C. , J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 77 , 3391 ( 1955 ).
  • San Pietro A. Kaplan N. O. Colowick S. P. , J. Biol. Chem. , 212 , 941 ( 1955 ).
  • Cornforth J. W. Ryback G. Papjak G. Donninger C. Schroepfer G. , Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , 9 , 371 ( 1962 ).
  • Jörnvall H. Harris J. I. , Eur. J. Biochem. , 13 , 565 ( 1970 ).
  • Jörnvall H. , Eur. J. Biochem. , 14 , 521 ( 1970 ).
  • Jörnvall H. , Eur. J. Biochem. , 16 , 25 ( 1970 ).
  • Bränden , C-I. , Jörnvall , H. , Eklund , H. and Furugren , B. 1975 . The Enzymes , Edited by: Boyer , P. D. Vol. II , 103 New York : Academic Press . a
  • b. Eklund H. Nordström B. Zeppezauer E. Söderlund G. Ohlsson I. Boiwe T. Bränden C-I. , F.E.B.S. Lett. , 44 , 200 ( 1974 ).
  • c. Bränden C-I. Eklund H. Nordström B. Boiwe T. Söderlund G. Zeppezauer E. Ohlsson I. Akeson A. , Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , 70 , 2439 ( 1973 ).
  • Theorell H. Chance B. , Acta Chem. Scand. , 5 , 1127 ( 1951 ).
  • Theorell , H. 1974 . Alcohol and Aldehyde Metabolizing Systems , Edited by: Thurman , R. G. , Yonetani , Y. , Williamson , J. R. and Chance , B. 1 New York : Academic Press .
  • Wallenfels K. Diekmann H. , Ann. Chem. , 621 , 166 ( 1959 ).
  • a. Taniguchi S. Theorell H. Åkeson Å. , Acta Chem. Scand. , 21 , 1903 ( 1967 ).
  • b. Dunn M. F. Hutchison J. S. , Biochemistry , 12 , 4882 ( 1973 ).
  • Bränden , C-I. , Eklund , H. , Zeppezauer , E. , Nordström , B. , Boiwe , T. , Söderland , G. and Ohlsson , I. 1974 . Alcohol and Aldehyde Metabolizing Systems , Edited by: Thurman , R. G. , Yonetani , Y. , Williamson , J. R. and Chance , B. 1 New York : Academic Press .
  • Vallee B. Williams R. J. P. Hoch F. L. , J. Biol. Chem. , 234 , 2621 ( 1959 ).
  • Li T. K. Vallee B. L. , Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , 12 , 44 ( 1963 ).
  • Wang J. H. , Science , 161 , 328 ( 1968 ).
  • a. Abeles R. H. Hutton R. F. Westheimer F. H. , J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 79 , 712 ( 1957 ).
  • b. Mahler H. R. Douglas J. , J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 79 , 1159 ( 1957 ).
  • c. Creighton D. J. Sigman D. S. , J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 93 , 6314 ( 1971 ).
  • Hine , J. 1955 . Physical Organic Chemistry , New York : McGraw-Hill . d
  • Schellenberg K. A. , J. Biol. Chem. , 240 , 1165 ( 1965 ).
  • Schellenberg K. A. , J. Biol. Chem. , 241 , 2446 ( 1966 ).
  • Schellenberg K. A. , J. Biol. Chem. , 242 , 1815 ( 1967 ).
  • Chan T. L. Schellenberg K. A. , J. Biol. Chem. , 243 , 6284 ( 1968 ).
  • Schellenberg , K. A. 1970 . Pyridine Nucleotide-Dependent Dehydrogenases , Edited by: Sund , H. 15 Berlin : Springer-Verlag .
  • Mathews M. B. Conn E. E. , J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 75 , 5428 ( 1953 ).
  • Yarmolinski M. B. Colowick S. P. , Biochim. Biophys. Acta , 20 , 177 ( 1956 ).
  • Mauzerall D. Westheimer F. H. , J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 77 , 2261 ( 1955 ).
  • Abeles R. H. Hutton R. F. Westheimer F. H. , J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 79 , 712 ( 1957 ).
  • Powers J. C. Westheimer F. H. , J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 82 , 5431 ( 1960 ).
  • Wallenfels , K. 1970 . Pyridine Nucleotide-Dependent Dehydrogenases , Edited by: Sund , H. 31 Berlin : Springer-Verlag .
  • Schellenberg K. A. Hellerman L. , J. Biol. Chem. , 231 , 547 ( 1958 ).
  • Clark , W. M. 1960 . Oxidation-Reduction Potentials of Organic Systems , 487 Baltimore : Williams and Wilkins .
  • Burton K. Wilson T. H. , Biochem. J. , 54 , 86 ( 1953 ).
  • Frost , A. A. and Pearson , R. G. 1962 . Kinetics and Mechanism , 211 New York : John Wiley & Sons .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Order Reprints Request Corporate Permissions

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

Request Academic Permissions

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.

Related research

People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.

Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.

Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.