Systematic review and meta-analysis of C-reactive protein as a biomarker in breast cancer

References

• Ferlay J, Colombet M, Soerjomataram I, et al. Estimating the global cancer incidence and mortality in 2018: GLOBOCAN sources and methods. Int J Cancer. 2019;144(8):1941–1953.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegel RL, Miller KD, Fuchs HE, et al. Cancer statistics, 2021. CA A Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(1):7–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cardoso F, Senkus E, Costa A, et al. 4th ESO-ESMO international consensus guidelines for advanced breast cancer (ABC 4)†. Ann Oncol. 2018;29(8):1634–1657.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Cancer Institute. NCI dictionary of cancer terms. n.d. Available from: https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/biomarker
   Google Scholar
• Henry NL, Hayes DF. Cancer biomarkers. Mol Oncol. 2012;6(2):140–146.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paoletti C, Hayes DF. Molecular testing in breast cancer. Annu Rev Med. 2014;65:95–110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McShane LM, Altman DG, Sauerbrei W, et al. Reporting recommendations for tumour marker prognostic studies (REMARK). Br J Cancer. 2005;93(4):387–391.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Senkus E, Kyriakides S, Ohno S, et al. Primary breast cancer: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2015;26(Suppl 5):v8–v30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris LN, Ismaila N, McShane LM, et al. Use of biomarkers to guide decisions on adjuvant systemic therapy for women with early-stage invasive breast Cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34(10):1134–1150.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Poznak C, Somerfield MR, Bast RC, et al. Use of biomarkers to guide decisions on systemic therapy for women with metastatic breast Cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33(24):2695–2704.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sturgeon CM, Duffy MJ, Stenman UH, et al. National academy of clinical biochemistry laboratory medicine practice guidelines for use of tumor markers in testicular, prostate, colorectal, breast, and ovarian cancers. Clin Chem. 2008;54(12):e11-79–e79.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Molina R, Barak V, van Dalen A, et al. Tumor markers in breast cancer-European group on tumor markers recommendations. Tumour Biol. 2005;26(6):281–293.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Asegaonkar SB, Asegaonkar BN, Takalkar UV, et al. C-reactive protein and breast cancer: new insights from old molecule. Int J Breast Cancer. 2015; 2015:145647C-reactive protein and breast cancer: new insights from old molecule.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Allin KH, Nordestgaard BG. Elevated C-reactive protein in the diagnosis, prognosis, and cause of cancer. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 2011;48(4):155–170.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duffy MJ, McDermott EW, Crown J. Blood-based biomarkers in breast cancer: from proteins to circulating tumor cells to circulating tumor DNA. Tumour Biol. 2018;40(5):1010428318776169
   Google Scholar
• Hanahan D, Weinberg RA. Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation. Cell. 2011;144(5):646–674.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Melichar B. Biomarkers, inflammation and cancer: where to go? Clin Chem Lab Med. 2016;54(12):1847–1852.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cole SW. Chronic inflammation and breast cancer recurrence. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27(21):3418–3419.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim ES, Kim SY, Koh M, et al. C-reactive protein binds to integrin α2 and fcγ receptor I, leading to breast cell adhesion and breast cancer progression. Oncogene. 2018;37(1):28–38.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang D, Duan L, Tu Z, et al. The Glasgow prognostic score predicts response to chemotherapy in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Chemotherapy. 2016;61(4):217–222.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hart PC, Rajab IM, Alebraheem M, et al. C-reactive protein and cancer-diagnostic and therapeutic insights. Front Immunol. 2020;11:595835.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ham M, Moon A. Inflammatory and microenvironmental factors involved in breast cancer progression. Arch Pharm Res. 2013;36(12):1419–1431.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo L, Liu S, Zhang S, et al. C-reactive protein and risk of breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2015;5:10508
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan DS, Bandera EV, Greenwood DC, et al. Circulating C-reactive protein and breast cancer risk-systematic literature review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2015;24(10):1439–1449.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang J, Lee IM, Tworoger SS, et al. Plasma C-reactive protein and risk of breast cancer in two prospective studies and a meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2015;24(8):1199–1206.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunter MJ, Wang T, Cushman M, et al. Circulating adipokines and inflammatory markers and postmenopausal breast cancer risk. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2015;107(9):djv169.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nelson SH, Brasky TM, Patterson RE, et al. The association of the C-reactive protein inflammatory biomarker with breast cancer incidence and mortality in the women's health initiative. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2017;26(7):1100–1106.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allin KH, Bojesen SE, Nordestgaard BG. Inflammatory biomarkers and risk of cancer in 84,000 individuals from the general population. Int J Cancer. 2016;139(7):1493–1500.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frydenberg H, Thune I, Lofterød T, et al. Pre-diagnostic high-sensitive C-reactive protein and breast cancer risk, recurrence, and survival. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2016;155(2):345–354.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shrotriya S, Walsh D, Bennani-Baiti N, et al. C-reactive protein is an important biomarker for prognosis tumor recurrence and treatment response in adult solid tumors: a systematic review. PLoS One. 2015;10(12):e0143080.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo L, Liu S, Zhang S, et al. Prognostic role of C-reactive protein in breast cancer: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2016;9(9):17715–17726.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allin KH, Nordestgaard BG, Flyger H, et al. Elevated pre-treatment levels of plasma C-reactive protein are associated with poor prognosis after breast cancer: a cohort study. Breast Cancer Res. 2011;13(3):R55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han Y, Mao F, Wu Y, et al. Prognostic role of C-reactive protein in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Biol Markers. 2011;26(4):209–215.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Proctor MJ, Morrison DS, Talwar D, et al. An inflammation-based prognostic score (mGPS) predicts cancer survival independent of tumour site: a Glasgow inflammation outcome study. Br J Cancer. 2011;104(4):726–734.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higgins J, Green S. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011. Available from: https://handbook-5-1.cochrane.org
   Google Scholar
• Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372:n71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pasanisi P, Venturelli E, Morelli D, et al. Serum insulin-like growth factor-I and platelet-derived growth factor as biomarkers of breast cancer prognosis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2008;17(7):1719–1722.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liberati A, Altman DG, Tetzlaff J, et al. The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and Meta-analyses of studies that evaluate healthcare interventions: explanation and elaboration. BMJ. 2009;339:b2700.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stroup DF, Berlin JA, Morton SC, et al. Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: a proposal for reporting. Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology (MOOSE) group. JAMA. 2000;283(15):2008–2012.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayden JA, Côté P, Bombardier C. Evaluation of the quality of prognosis studies in systematic reviews. Ann Intern Med. 2006;144(6):427–437.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaur RP, Rubal Banipal RPS, et al. Association of elevated levels of C-reactive protein with breast cancer, breast cancer subtypes, and poor outcome. Curr Probl Cancer. 2019;43(2):123–129.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takeuchi H, Kawanaka H, Fukuyama S, et al. Comparison of the prognostic values of preoperative inflammation-based parameters in patients with breast cancer. PLoS One. 2017;12(5):e0177137.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Villaseñor A, Flatt SW, Marinac C, et al. Postdiagnosis C-reactive protein and breast cancer survivorship: findings from the WHEL study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2014;23(1):189–199.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sicking I, Edlund K, Wesbuer E, et al. Prognostic influence of pre-operative C-reactive protein in node-negative breast cancer patients. PLoS One. 2014;9(10):e111306
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petekkaya I, Aksoy S, Roach EC, et al. Impact of inflammatory markers on the prognosis of patients with operable breast cancer. J Buon. 2014;19(3):673–680.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tibau A, Ennis M, Goodwin PJ. Post-surgical highly sensitive C-reactive protein and prognosis in early-stage breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2013;141(3):485–493.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pierce BL, Ballard-Barbash R, Bernstein L, et al. Elevated biomarkers of inflammation are associated with reduced survival among breast cancer patients. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27(21):3437–3444.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al Murri AM, Wilson C, Lannigan A, et al. Evaluation of the relationship between the systemic inflammatory response and cancer-specific survival in patients with primary operable breast cancer. Br J Cancer. 2007;96(6):891–895.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heys SD, Ogston KN, Simpson WG, et al. Acute phase proteins in patients with large and locally advanced breast cancer treated with neo-adjuvant chemotherapy: response and survival. Int J Oncol. 1998;13(3):589–594.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Honecker F, Harbeck N, Schnabel C, et al. Geriatric assessment and biomarkers in patients with metastatic breast cancer receiving first-line Mono-chemotherapy: results from the randomized phase III PELICAN trial. J Geriatr Oncol. 2018;9(2):163–169.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Shaughnessy J, DeMichele A, Ma CX, et al. A randomized, double-blind, phase 2 study of ruxolitinib or placebo in combination with capecitabine in patients with advanced HER2-negative breast cancer and elevated C-reactive protein, a marker of systemic inflammation. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2018;170(3):547–557.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petekkaya I, Unlu O, Roach EC, et al. Prognostic role of inflammatory biomarkers in metastatic breast cancer. J Buon. 2017;22(3):614–622.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nieder C, Dalhaug A, Haukland E, et al. Prognostic impact of the tumor marker CA 15-3 in patients with breast cancer and bone metastases treated with palliative radiotherapy. J Clin Med Res. 2017;9(3):183–187.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Alkhateeb AA, Leitzel K, Ali SM, et al. Elevation in inflammatory serum biomarkers predicts response to trastuzumab-containing therapy. PLoS One. 2012;7(12):e51379.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al Murri AM, Bartlett JM, Canney PA, et al. Evaluation of an inflammation-based prognostic score (GPS) in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Br J Cancer. 2006;94(2):227–230.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang GJ, Adachi I. Serum interleukin-6 levels correlate to tumor progression and prognosis in metastatic breast carcinoma. Anticancer Res. 1999;19(2b):1427–1432.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Albuquerque KV, Price MR, Badley RA, et al. Pre-treatment serum levels of tumour markers in metastatic breast cancer: a prospective assessment of their role in predicting response to therapy and survival. Eur J Surg Oncol. 1995;21(5):504–509.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Melichar B, Vitásková D, Bartoušková M, et al. Comparison of performance of composite biomarkers of inflammatory response in determining the prognosis of breast cancer patients. Pteridines. 2017;28(3-4):213–220.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wulaningsih W, Holmberg L, Garmo H, et al. Prediagnostic serum inflammatory markers in relation to breast cancer risk, severity at diagnosis and survival in breast cancer patients. Carcinogenesis. 2015;36(10):1121–1128.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ravishankaran P, Karunanithi R. Clinical significance of preoperative serum interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein level in breast cancer patients. World J Surg Onc. 2011;9(1):18.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Allin KH, Bojesen SE, Nordestgaard BG. Baseline C-reactive protein is associated with incident cancer and survival in patients with cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27(13):2217–2224.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMillan DC, Elahi MM, Sattar N, et al. Measurement of the systemic inflammatory response predicts cancer-specific and non-cancer survival in patients with cancer. Nutr Cancer. 2001;41(1-2):64–69.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shimura T, Shibata M, Gonda K, et al. Prognostic impact of interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein on patients with breast cancer. Oncol Lett. 2019;17(6):5139–5146.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McAndrew NP, Bottalico L, Mesaros C, et al. Effects of systemic inflammation on relapse in early breast cancer. NPJ Breast Cancer. 2021;7(1):7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alarfi H, Youssef LA, Salamoon M. A prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study of a combination of simvastatin and chemotherapy in metastatic breast cancer. J Oncol. 2020;2020:4174395
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sata A, Fukui R, Miyagawa Y, et al. C-reactive protein and absolute lymphocyte count can predict overall survival of patients treated with eribulin. Anticancer Res. 2020;40(7):4147–4156.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miyagawa Y, Yanai A, Yanagawa T, et al. Baseline neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and c-reactive protein predict efficacy of treatment with bevacizumab plus paclitaxel for locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer. Oncotarget. 2020;11(1):86–98.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Robertson JF, Pearson D, Price MR, et al. Prospective assessment of the role of five tumour markers in breast cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 1991;33(6):403–410.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams MR, Turkes A, Pearson D, et al. An objective biochemical assessment of therapeutic response in metastatic breast cancer: a study with external review of clinical data. Br J Cancer. 1990;61(1):126–132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sauerbrei W, Taube SE, McShane LM, et al. Reporting recommendations for tumor marker prognostic studies (REMARK): an abridged explanation and elaboration. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2018;110(8):803–811.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sproston NR, Ashworth JJ. Role of C-reactive protein at sites of inflammation and infection. Front Immunol. 2018;9:754.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang S, Malter L, Hudesman D. Disease monitoring in inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol. 2015;21(40):11246–11259.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wells G, Becker JC, Teng J, et al. Validation of the 28-Joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28) and European League against rheumatism response criteria based on C-reactive protein against disease progression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and comparison with the DAS28 based on erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009;68(6):954–960.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMillan DC. Systemic inflammation, nutritional status and survival in patients with cancer. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2009;12(3):223–226.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laird BJ, Fallon M, Hjermstad MJ, et al. Quality of life in patients with advanced cancer: differential association with performance status and systemic inflammatory response. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34(23):2769–2775.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mlinaric A, Horvat M, Smolcic VS. Dealing with the positive publication bias: why you should really publish your negative results. Biochem Med. 2017;27(3):030201
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar