989
Views
43
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Advances in Research on cis-9, trans-11 Conjugated Linoleic Acid: A Major Functional Conjugated Linoleic Acid Isomer

&

REFERENCES

  • Albers, R., van der Wielen, R.P. J., Brink, E.J., Hendrik, H.F. J., Dorovska-Taran, V.N. and Mohede, I.C. M. (2003). Effects of cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers on immune function in healthy men. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 57:595–603.
  • Aldai, N., Osoro, K., Barrón, L.J. R. and Nájera, A.I. (2006). Gas-liquid chromatographic method for analysing complex mixtures of fatty acids including conjugated linoleic acids (cis9trans11 and trans10cis12 isomers) and long-chain (n-3 or n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids: Application to the intramuscular fat of beef meat. J. Chromatogr. A 1110(1–2):133–139.
  • Andrea, W. (2011). Milk for “growth”: Global and local meanings of milk consumption in China, India, and the United States. Food Foodways 19(1–2):11–33
  • Arbonés-Mainar, J.M., Navarro, M.A., Acín, S., Guzmán, M.A., Arnal, C., Surra, J.C., Carnicer, R., Roche, H.M. and Osada, J. (2006). Trans-10, cis-12- and cis-9, trans-11-conjugated linoleic acid isomers selectively modify HDL-apolipoprotein composition in apolipoprotein E knockout mice. J. Nutr. 136(2):353–359.
  • Arvidsson, K. (2009). Factors affecting fatty acid composition in forage and milk. Doctoral Thesis. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Umea, Sweden.
  • Banni, S., Angioni, E., Murru, E., Carta, G., Melis, M.P., Bauman, D., Dong, Y. and Ip, C. (2001). Vaccenic acid feeding increases tissue levels of conjugated linoleic acid and suppresses development of premalignant lesions in rat mammary gland. Nutr. Cancer 41(1–2):91–97.
  • Bassett, C.M. C., Edel, A.L., Patenaude, A.F., McCullough, R.S., Blackwood, D.P., Chouinard, P.Y., Paquin, P., Lamarche, B. and Pierce, G.N. (2010). Dietary vaccenic acid has antiatherogenic effects in LDLr-/- Mice1-3. J. Nutr. 140(1):18–24.
  • Bauman, D.E. (2002). Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and milk fat: A good news story. Proceeding of Arizona Dairy Production Conference, 47–52. Tempe, Arizona.
  • Bauman, D.E., Baumgard, L.H., Corl, B.A. and Griinari, J.M. (2000). Biosynthesis of conjugated linoleic acid in ruminants. J. Anim. Sci. 771–15).
  • Baumgard, L.H., Sangster, J.K. and Bauman, D.E. (2001). Milk fat synthesis in dairy cows is progressively reduced by increasing supplemental amounts of trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). J. Nutr. 131(6):1764–1769.
  • Bell, J.A. and Kennelly, J.J. (2003). Postruminal infusion of conjugated linoleic acids negatively impacts milk synthesis in Holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci. 86:1321–1324.
  • Bencini, R. and Pulina, G. (1997). The quality of sheep milk: A review. Aust. J. Exp. Agr. 37(4):485–504.
  • Borowiec, F., Ratych, I., Mazur, B. and Kamińska, M. (2010). Effect of lactation period on profile of faty acids, including conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), in cow's milk. Animal Biology 12(1):54–59.
  • Boutinaud, M., Ben Chedly, M.H., Delamaire, E. and Guinard-Flament, J. (2008). Milking and feed restriction regulate transcripts of mammary epithelial cells purified from milk. J. Dairy Sci. 91:988–998.
  • Boutinaud, M. and Jammes, H. (2002). Potential uses of milk epithelial cells: A review. Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 42:133–147.
  • Boutinaud, M., Rulquin, H., Keisler, D.H., Djiane, J. and Jammes, H. (2002). Use of somatic cells from goat milk for dynamic studies of gene expression in the mammary gland. J. Anim. Sci. 80:1258–1269.
  • Butler, G., Collomb, M., Rehberger, B., Sanderson, R., Eyre, M. and Leifert, C. (2009). Conjugated linoleic acid isomer concentrations in milk from high- and low-input management dairy systems. J. Sci. Food Agr. 89:697–705.
  • Chand, A., Wilkins, A.E., Kolver, E. and Veth, M.D. (2001). A rapid method for quantification of conjugated linoleic acid in rumen fluid using gas chromatography. Anal. Sci. 17(supplement):a397.
  • Chatham, J.C. and Blackband, S.J. (2001). Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging in animal research. ILAR J. 42(3):189–208.
  • Chin, S.F., Liu, W., Storkson, J.M., Ha, Y.L. and Pariza, M.W. (1992). Dietary sources of conjugated dienoic isomers of linoleic acid, a newly recognized class of anticarcinogens. J. Food Comp. Anal. 5(3):185–197.
  • Classification of Dairy Products. (2007). Dairy Marketing Branch, May 2007. California Department of Food and Agriculture.
  • Collomb, M., Sieber, R. and Bütikofer, U. (2004). CLA isomers in milk fat from cows fed diets with high levels of unsaturated fatty acids. Lipids 39(4):355–364.
  • Comparison of Dietary Fats Chart. (2008). Canola Council of Canada. http://www.canola-council.org/canola_resources/product45.aspx. Retrieved 2008-09-03.
  • Corl, B.A., Baumgard, L.H., Dwyer, D.A., Griinari, J.M., Phillips, B.S. and Bauman, D.E. (2001). The role of delta (9)-desaturase in the production of cis-9, trans-11 CLA. J. Nutr. Biochem. 12:622–630.
  • Dance, L.J. E., Doran, O., Hallett, K., Dannenberger, D., Nuernberg, G. and Nuernberg, K. (2010). Comparison of two derivatisation methods for conjugated linoleic acid isomer analysis by Ag+-HPLC/DAD in beef fat. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Tech. 112:188–194.
  • Delgado, C.L. (2006). Rising consumption of meat and milk in developing countries has created a new food revolution. J. Nutr. 133:3907S–3910S.
  • de Roos, B., Rucklidge, G., Reid, M., Ross, K., Duncan, G., Navarro, M.A., Arbones-Mainar, J.M., Guzman-Garcia, M.A., Osada, J., Browne, J., Loscher, C.E. and Roche, H.M. (2005). Divergent mechanisms of cis9, trans11- and trans10, cis12- conjugated linoleic acid affecting insulin resistance and inflammation in apolipoprotein E knockout mice: A proteomics approach. FASEB J. 19(12):1746–1748.
  • de Veth, M.J., Gulati, S.K., Luchini, N.D. and Bauman, D.E. (2005). Comparison of calcium salts and formaldehyde-protected conjugated linoleic acid in inducing milk fat depression. J. Dairy Sci. 88(5):1685–1693.
  • Dhiman, T.R., Anand, G.R., Satter, L.D. and Pariza, M.W. (1999). Conjugated linoleic acid content of milk from cows fed different diets. J. Dairy Sci. 82:2146–2156.
  • Dhiman, T.R., Nam, S.H. and Ure, A.L. (2005a). Factors affecting conjugated linoleic acid content in milk and meat. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 45(6):463–482.
  • Dhiman, T.R., Zaman, S., Olson, K.C., Bingham, H.R., Ure, A.L. and Pariza, M.W. (2005b). Influence of feeding soybean oil on conjugated linoleic acid content in beef. J. Agr. Food Chem. 53(3):684–689.
  • Dilzer, A. and Park, Y.H. (2012). Implication of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in human health. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 52(6):488–513.
  • Dupont, J., White, P.J., Carpenter, M.P., Schaefer, E.J., Meydani, S.N., Elson, C.E., Woods, M. and Gorbach, S.L. (1990). Good uses and health effects of corn oil. J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 9(5):438–470.
  • Elgersma, A., Tamminga, S. and Ellen, G. (2006). Modifying milk composition through forage. Anim. Feed Sci. Tech. 131:207–225.
  • Feng, S., Salter, A.M., Parr, T. and Garnsworthy, P.C. (2007). Extraction and quantitative analysis of stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase mRNA from dairy cow milk somatic cells. J. Dairy Sci. 90:4128–4136.
  • Field, C.J., Blewett, H. H., Proctor, S. and Vine, D. (2009). Human health benefits of vaccenic acid. Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 34:979–991.
  • Fukuda, S., Furuya, H., Suzuki, Y., Asanuma, N., and Hino, T. (2005). A new strain of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens that has high ability to isomerize linoleic acid to conjugated linoleic acid. J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol. 51:105–113.
  • Gargouri, A., Hamed, H. and ElFeki, A. (2008). Total and differential bulk cow milk somatic cell counts and their relation with lipolysis. Livestock Sci. 113(2):274–279.
  • German, J.B. and Dillard, C.J. (2006). Composition, structure and absorption of milk lipids: A source of energy, fat-soluble nutrients and bioactive molecules. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 46(1):57–92.
  • Gervais, R., Spratt, R., Léonard, M. and Yvan Chouinard, P. (2005). Lactation response of cows to different levels of ruminally inert conjugated linoleic acids under commercial conditions. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 85(2):231–242.
  • Gomez-Cortes, P., Bach, A., Luna, P., Juárez, M. and de la Fuente, M.A. (2009). Effects of extruded linseed supplementation on n-3 fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid in milk and cheese from ewes. J. Dairy Sci. 92:4122–4134.
  • Gomez-Cortes, P., Frutos, P., Mantecón, A.R., Juárez, M., de la Fuente, M.A. and Hervás, G. (2008). Addition of olive oil to dairy ewe diets effect on milk fatty acid profile and animal performance. J. Dairy Sci. 91:3119–3127.
  • Gomez-Cortes, P., Toral, P.G., Frutos, P., Juárez, M., de la Fuente, M.A. and Hervás, G. (2011). Effect of the supplementation of dairy sheep diet with incremental amounts of Sunflower Oil on animal performance and milk fatty acid profile. Food Chem. 125:644–651.
  • Griinari, J.M., Corl, B.A., Lacy, S.H., Chouinard, P.Y., Nurmela, K.V. and Bauman, D.E. (2000). Conjugated linoleic acid is synthesized endogenously in lactating dairy cows by D9-desaturase. J. Nutr. 130:2285–2291.
  • Ha, Y.L., Grimm, N.K. and Pariza, M.W. (1987). Anticarcinogens from fried ground beef: Heat-altered derivatives of linoleic acid. Carcinogenesis 8:1881–1887.
  • Haug, A., Høstmark, A.T. and Harstad, O.M. (2007). Bovine milk in human nutrition - a review. Lipids Health Dis. 6:25.
  • Heck, J.M. L., van Valenberg, H.J. F., Dijkstra, J. and van Hooijdonk, A.C. M. (2009). Seasonal variation in the Dutch bovine raw milk composition. J. Dairy Sci. 92(10):4745–4755.
  • Hervás, G., Luna, P., Mantecón, A.R., Castañares, N., de la Fuente, M.A., Juárez, M. and Frutos, P. (2008). Effect of diet supplementation with sunflower oil in milk production, fatty acid profile, and ruminal fermentation in lactating ewes. J. Dairy Res. 75:399–405.
  • Hopkins, C.Y. and Bernstein, H.J. (1959). Applications of proton magnetic resonance spectra in fatty acid chemistry. Can. J. Chem. 37:775–782.
  • Huynh, H.T., Robitaille, G. and Turner, J.D. (1991). Establishment of bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T): An in vitro model for bovine lactation. Exp. Cell Res. 197(2):191–197.
  • Hwang, D.M., Kundu, J.K., Shin, J.W., Lee, J.C., Lee, H.J. and Surh, Y.J. (2007). cis-9, trans-11-Conjugated linoleic acid down-regulates phorbol ester-induced NF-Kb activation and subsequent COX-2 expression in hairless mouse skin by targeting IkB kinase and PI3K-Akt. Carcinogenesis 28(2):363–371.
  • Igal, R.A. (2011). Roles of stearoylCoA desaturase-1 in the regulation of cancer cell growth, Survival and Tumorigenesis. Cancers 3(2):2462–2477.
  • Irmak, S., Dunford, N.T., Gilliland, S.E., Banskalieva, V. and Eisenmenger, M. (2006). Biocatalysis of linoleic acid to conjugated linoleic acid. Lipids 41:771–776.
  • Jacobs, A.A. A. (2011). Nutritional regulation of stearoyl-CoA desaturase in the bovine mammary gland (Doctor Dissertation). Wageningen University, Netherlands.
  • Jaudszus, A., Foerster, M., Kroegel, C., Wolf, L. and Jahreis, G. (2005). Cis-9, Trans-11-CLA exerts anti-inflammatory effects in human bronchial epithelial cells and eosinophils: Comparison to Trans-10, Cis-12-CLA and to linoleic acid. BBA-Mol. Cell Biol. L. 1737(2–3):111–118.
  • Jenkins, T.C., Wallace, R.J., Moate, P.J. and Mosley, E.E. (2008). Recent advances in biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids within the rumen microbial ecosystem. J. Anim. Sci. 86:397–412.
  • Jensen, R.G. (2002). The composition of bovine milk lipids: January 1995 to December 2000. J. Dairy Sci. 85:295–350.
  • Jensen, R.G. and Thompson, M.P. (1995). Handbook of Milk Composition. Academic Press, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA.
  • Jiang, J., Bjorck, L. and Fonden, R. (1998). Production of conjugated linoleic acid by dairy starter cultures. J. Appl. Microbiol. 85:95–102.
  • Jin, Y.C. (2011). Profiling and functional study of proteins involved in synthesis of CLA in the mammary gland (Doctor Dissertation). Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
  • Jin, Y.C., Lee, H.G., Xu, C.X., Han, J.A.H. Choi, S.H., Song, M.K., Kim, Y.J., Lee, K.B., Kim, S.K., Kang, H.S., Cho, B.W., Shin, T.S. and Choi, Y.J. (2010). Proteomic analysis of endogenous conjugated linoleic acid biosynthesis in lactating rats and mouse mammary gland epithelia cells (HC11). BBActa-Proteins Proteomics 1804(4):745–751.
  • Jirillo, F., Jirillo, E. and Magrone, T. (2010). Donkey's and goat's milk consumption and benefits to human health with special reference to the inflammatory status. Curr. Pharm. Design 16(7):859–863.
  • Kamal-Eldin, A. (1995). Sesame oil is very low in linolenic acid. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 72(9):1087.
  • Kay, J.K., Mackle, T.R., Auldist, M.J., Thomson, N.A. and Bauman, D.E. (2004). Endogenous synthesis of cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid in dairy cows fed fresh pasture. J. Dairy Sci. 87(2):369–378.
  • Kay, J.K., Weber, W.J., Moore, C.E., Bauman, D.E., Hansen, L.B., Chester-Jones, H., Crooker, B.A. and Baumgard, L.H. (2005). Effects of week of lactation and genetic selection for milk yield on milk fatty acid composition in Holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci. 88(11):3886–3893.
  • Keating, A.F., Zhao, F.Q., Finucane, K.A., Glimm, D.R. and Kennelly, J.J. (2008). Effect of conjugated linoleic acid on bovine mammary cell growth, apoptosis and stearoyl Co-A desaturase gene expression. Domest. Anim. Endocrin. 34(3):284–292.
  • Kelly, M.L., Berry, J.R., Dwyer, D.A., Griinari, J.M., Chouinard, P.Y., Van Amburgh, M.E. and Bauman, D.E. (1998). Dietary fatty acid sources affect conjugated linoleic acid concentrations in milk from lactating dairy cows. J. Nutr. 128:881–885.
  • Kepler, C.R., Hirons, K.P., McNeil, J.J. and Tove, S.B. (1966). Intermediates and products of the biohydrogenation of linoleic acid by Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens. J. Biol. Chem. 241:1350–1354.
  • Keys, J.E., Guidry, A.J. and Cierian, E. (1997). The use of flow cytometry and fluorescein-labeled antibodies to measure specific milk proteins in bovine mammary epithelial cells. In Vitro Cell. Dev.-An. 133:201–205.
  • Kgwatalala, P.M., Ibeagha-Awemu, E.M., Mustafa, A.F. and Zhao, X. (2009). Influence of stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 genotype and stage of lactation on fatty acid composition of Canadian Jersey cows. J. Dairy Sci. 92(3):1220–1228.
  • Khanal, R.C. and Dhiman, T.R. (2004). Biosynthesis of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA): A review. Pakistan J. Nutr. 3(2):72–81.
  • Kim, Y.J., Liu, R.H., Bond, D.R., and Russell, J.B. (2000). Effect of Linoleic Acid Concentration on Conjugated Linoleic Acid Production by Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens A38. Appl. Environ. Microb. 66(12):5226–5230.
  • Kiritsakis, A.K., Lenart, E.B., Hernandez, R.J. and Willet, W.C. (1998). Olive Oil, From the Tree to the Table. 2ed. Food & Nutrition Press, Trumbull, CT, USA.
  • Kishino, S., Ogawa, J., Omura, Y., Matsumura, K. and Shimizu, S. (2002). Conjugated linoleic acid production from linoleic acid by lactic acid bacteria. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 79:159–163.
  • Knothe, G.H. (2010). 1H-NMR Spectroscopy of Fatty Acid and their Derivateives. The AOCS Lipid Library, Cardiff, Wales, UK.
  • Kraft, J., Collomb, M., Möckel, P., Sieber, R. and Jahreis, G. (2003). Differences in CLA isomer distribution of cow's milk lipids. Lipids 38:657–664.
  • Kramer, J.K. G., Cruz-Hernandez, C., Deng, Z.Y., Zhou, J.Q., Jahreis, G. and Dugan, M.E. R. (2004). Analysis of conjugated linoleic acid and trans 18:1 isomers in synthetic and animal products. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 79(6):1137S–1145S.
  • Lee, S.O., Kim, C.S., Cho, S.K., Choi, H.J., Ji, G.E. and Oh, D.K. (2003). Bioconversion of linoleic acid into conjugated linoleic acid during fermentation and by washed cells of Lactobacillus reuteri. Biotechnol. Lett. 25:935–938.
  • Lee, Y., Thompson, J.T. and Vanden Heuvel, J.P. (2009). 9E, 11E-conjugated linoleic acid increases expression of the endogenous antiinflammatory factor, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, in RAW 264.7 cells. J. Nutr. 139(10):1861–1866.
  • Lee, Y. and Vanden Heuvel, J.P. (2010). Inhibition of macrophage adhesion activity by 9trans, 11trans-conjugated linoleic acid. J. Nutr. Biochem. 21(6):490–497.
  • Lengi, A.J. and Corl, B.A. (2007). Identification and characterization of a novel bovine stearoyl-CoA desaturase isoform with homology to human SCD5. Lipids 42(6):499–508.
  • Lie Ken Jie, M.S. F. (2001). Analysis of conjugated linoleic acid esters by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Tech. 103:594–632.
  • Lindmark-Månsson, H. (2008). Fatty acids in bovine milk fat. Food Nutr. Res. 52:1–3.
  • Liu, G. (2009). Stearoyl-CoA desaturase inhibitors: Update on patented compounds. Expert Opin. Ther. Pat. 19(9):1169–1191.
  • Liu, S.J., Wang, J.Q., Bu, D.P., Wei, H.Y., Zhou, L.Y. and Luo, Q.J. (2007). The effect of dietary vegetable oilseeds supplement on fatty acid profiles in milk fat from lactating dairy cows. Agric. Sci. China 6(8):1002–1008.
  • Liu, W., Degner, S.C. and Romagnolo, D.F. (2006). Trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid inhibits prolactin-induced cytosolic NADP+ -dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase expression in bovine mammary epithelial cells. J. Nutr. 136(11):2743–2747.
  • Lock, A.L. and Garnsworthy, P.C. (2003). Seasonal variation in milk conjugated linoleic acid and 9-desaturase activity in dairy cows. Livest. Prod. Sci. 79:47–59.
  • Loor, J.J., Lin, X. and Herbein, J.H. (2002). Dietary trans-vaccenic acid (trans11-18:1) increases concentration of cis9, trans11-conjugated linoleic acid (rumenic acid) in tissues of lactating mice and suckling pups. Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 42(2):85–99.
  • Luna, P., Juárez, M. and de la Fuente, M.A. (2007). Fatty acid and conjugated linoleic acid isomer profiles in human milk fat. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Tech. 109(12):1160–1166.
  • MacDonald, H.B. (2000). Conjugated linoleic acid and disease prevention: A review of current knowledge. J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 19(2):111S–118S.
  • Man, W.C., Miyazaki, M., Chu, K. and Ntambi, J.M. (2006). Membrane topology of mouse stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1. J. Biol. Chem. 281(2):1251–1260.
  • Maria, R.M., Colnago, L.A., Forato, L.A. and Bouchard, D. (2010). Fast and simple nuclear magnetic resonance method to measure conjugated linoleic acid in beef. J. Agr. Food Chem. 58(11):6562–6564.
  • Martin, S.A. and Jenkins, T.C. (2002). Factors affecting conjugated linoleic acid and trans-C18:1 fatty acid production by mixed ruminal bacteria. J. Anim. Sci. 80:3347–3352.
  • Mauvoisin, D. and Mounier, C. (2011). Hormonal and nutritional regulation of SCD1 gene expression. Biochimie 9(1):78–86.
  • McKain, N., Shingfield, K.J. and Wallace, R.J. (2010). Metabolism of conjugated linoleic acids and 18:1 fatty acids by ruminal bacteria: Products and mechanisms. Microbiology 156:579–588.
  • Mei'uchová, B., Blaško, J., Kubinec, R., Górová, R., Dubravská, J., Margetín, M. and Soják, L. (2008). Seasonal variations in fatty acid composition of pasture forage plants and CLA content in ewe milk fat. Small Ruminant Res. 78(1–3):56–65.
  • Mierlita, D., Daraban, St. and Lup, F. (2011). Effects of breed on milk fatty acid profile in dairy ewes, with particular reference to cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid. S. Afr. J. Anim. Sci. 41(3):223–231.
  • Mihailov, G. and Odjakov, T. (2011). CLA content in sheep milk and sheep dairy products. Macedonian J. Anim. Sci. 1(1):195–200.
  • Moloney, F., Toomey, S., Noone, E., Nugent, A., Allan, B., Loscher, C.E. and Roche, H.M. (2007). Antidiabetic effects of cis-9, trans-11-conjugated linoleic acid may be mediated via anti-inflammatory effects in white adipose tissue. Diabetes 56:574–582.
  • Moon, H.S., Lee, H.G., Chung, C.S., Choi, Y.J. and Cho, C.S. (2008). Physico-chemical modifications of conjugated linoleic acid for ruminal protection and oxidative stability. Nutr. Metabol. 5:16.
  • Moon, J.S., Koo, H.C., Joo, Y.S., Jeon, S.H., Hur, D.S., Chung, C.I., Jo, H.S. and Park, Y.H. (2007). Application of a new portable microscopic somatic cell counter with disposable plastic chip for milk analysis. J. Dairy Sci. 90:2253–2259.
  • Morgante, M., Ranucci, S., Pauselli, M., Casoli, C. and Duranti, E. (1996). Total and differential cell count in milk of primiparous Comisana ewes without clinical signs of mastitis. Small Ruminant Res. 21(3):265–271.
  • Morrison, W.R. and Smith, L.M. (1964). High-performance liquid chromatography preparation of fatty acid methyl esters and dimethylacetals from lipids with boron fluoride-methanol. J. Lipid Res. 5:600–608.
  • Mozaffarian, D., Katan, B., Ascherio, A., Stampfer, M.J. and Willett, W.C. (2006). Trans fatty acids and cardiovascular disease. New Engl. J. Med. 354:1601–1613.
  • Murrieta, C.M., Hess, B.W., Scholljegerdes, E.J., Engle, T.E., Hossner, K.L., Moss, G.E. and Rule, D.C. (2006). Evaluation of milk somatic cells as a source of mRNA for study of lipogenesis in the mammary gland of lactating beef cows supplemented with dietary high-linoleate safflower seeds. J. Anim. Sci. 84:2399–2405.
  • Ntambi, J.M. and Miyazaki, M. (2004). Regulation of stearoyl-CoA desaturases and role in metabolism. Prog. Lipid Res. 43:91–104.
  • Ntambi, J.M., Miyazaki, M. and Dobrzyn, A. (2004). Regulation of stearoyl-CoA desaturase expression. Lipids 39(11):1061–1065.
  • O’Brien, R.D., Jones, L.A., King, C.C., Wakelyn, P.J. and Wan, P.J. (2005). Cottonseed oil. In: Bailey's Industrial Oil and Fat Products, 6 Volume Set, 6th ed. Shahidi, F., Eds., Wiley-Interscience, New York.
  • Ogawa, J., Kishino, S., Ando, A., Sugimoto, S., Mihara, K. and Shimizu, S. (2005). Production of conjugated fatty acids by lactic acid bacteria. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 100(4):355–364.
  • Wang, T., Oh, J. J., Lim, J. N., Hong, J. E., Kim, J. H., Kim, J. H., Kang, H. S., Choi, Y. J., and Lee, H.G. (2013). Effects of lactation stage and individual performance on milk cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acids content in dairy cows. Asian Austral. J Anim. 26(2):189–194.
  • Oh, J.J. (2012). Growth Inhibitory Effect to Human Cancer Cell Lines by Vaccenic Acid (TVA), Precursor to c9, t11-CLA (Master Dissertation). Pusan National University, Pusan, South Korea.
  • Pariza, M.W. (2004). Perspective on the safety and effectiveness of conjugated linoleic acid. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 79(6):1132S–1136S.
  • Pariza, M.W., Ashoor, S.H., Chu, F.S. and Lund, D.B. (1979). Effects of temperature and time on mutagen formation in pan-fried hamburger. Cancer Lett. 7:63–69.
  • Pariza, M.W. and Ha, Y.L. (1990). Conjugated dienoic derivatives of linoleic acid: A new class of anticarcinogens. Med. Oncol. Tumor Phar. 7:169–171.
  • Pariza, M.W., Park, Y.H. and Cook, M.E. (2000). Mechanisms of action of conjugated linoleic acid: Evidence and speculation. P. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 223(1):8–13.
  • Pariza, M.W., Park, Y.H. and Cook, M.E. (2001). The biologically active isomers of conjugated linoleic acid. Prog. Lipid Res. 40:283–298.
  • Park, H.G., Heo, W., Kim, S.B., Kim, H.S., Bae, G.S., Chung, S.H., Seo, H.C. and Kim, Y.J. (2011). Production of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) by Bifidobacterium breve LMC520 and its compatibility with CLA-producing rumen bacteria. J. Agr. Food Chem. 59(3):984–988.
  • Paszczyk, B., Zegarska, Z. and Borejszo, Z. (2005). The contents of trans fatty acids and CLA in cow colostrum and milk fat in the early lactation period. Czech J. food Sci. 23(4):159–165.
  • Paton, C.M. and Ntambi, J.M. (2009). Biochemical and physiological function of stearoyl-CoA desaturase. Am. J. Physiol. - Endocrinol. Metabol. 297:E28–E37.
  • Pavia, D.L., Lampman, G.M., Kritz, G.S. and Engel, R.G. (2006). Introduction to Organic Laboratory Techniques. 4th ed., pp. 797–817. Cengage Learning, Australia.
  • Peterson, D.G., Matitashvili, E.A. and Bauman, D.E. (2004). The inhibitory effect of trans-10, cis-12 CLA on lipid synthesis in Bovine Mammary epithelial cells involves reduced proteolytic activation of the transcription factor SREBP-1. J. Nutr. 134:2523–2527.
  • Petrović, M., Kezić, N. and Bolanča, V. (2010). Optimization of the GC method for routine analysis of the fatty acid profile in several food samples. Food Chem. 122(1):285–291.
  • Prandini, A., Sigoloa, S. and Gianfranco Piva, G. (2011). A comparative study of fatty acid composition and CLA concentration in commercial cheeses. J. Food Comp. Anal. 24(1):55–61.
  • Precht, D. and Molkentin, J. (1996). Rapid analysis of the isomers of transoctadecenoic acid in milk fat. Int. Dairy J. 6(8–9):791–809.
  • Puniya, A.K., Chaitanya, S., Tyagi, A.K., De, S. and Singh, K. (2008). Conjugated linoleic acid producing potential of lactobacilli isolated from the rumen of cattle. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 35(11):1223–1228.
  • Rego, O.A., Rosa, H.J. D., Regalo, S.M., Alves, S.P., Alfaia, C.M. M., Prates, J.A. M., Vouzela, C.M. and Bessa, R.J. B. (2008). Short Communication: Seasonal changes of CLA isomers and other fatty acids of milk fat from grazing dairy herds in the Azores. J. Sci. Food Agr. 88(10):1855–1859.
  • Rodríguez-Alcalá, L.M. and Fontecha, J. (2007). Hot topic: Fatty acid and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomer composition of commercial CLA-fortified dairy products: Evaluation after processing and storage. J. Dairy Sci. 90(5):2083–2090.
  • Rodríguez-Castañedas, J.L., Peña-Egido, M.J., García-Marino, M. and García-Moreno, C. (2011). Quantitative determination of conjugated linoleic acid isomers by silver ion HPLC in ewe milk fat. J. Food Comp. Anal. 24(7):1000–1004.
  • Rota, A.M., Gonzalo, C., Rodriguez, P.L., Rojas, A.I., Martin, L. and Tovar, J.J. (1993). Somatic cell types in goats milk in relation to total cell count, stage and number of lactation. Small Ruminant Res. 12(1):89–98.
  • Rupp, R., Boichard, D., Bertrand, C. and Bazin, S. (2000). Overview of milk somatic cell counts in the French dairy cattle breeds. Productions Animales-INRA 13(4):257–267.
  • Salas-Salvadó, J., Márquez-Sandoval, F. and Bulló, M. (2006). Conjugated linoleic acid intake in humans: A systematic review focusing on its effect on body composition, glucose, and lipid metabolism. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 46(6):479–488.
  • Santora, J.E., Palmquist, D.L. and Roehrig, K.L. (2000). Trans-vaccenic acid is desaturated to conjugated linoleic acid in mice. J. Nutr. 130:208–215.
  • Sarikaya, H. (2006). Somatic cell populations in milk: Importance in mammary gland physiology and behaviour during technological processing. Doctor dissertation. Technical University Munich.
  • Sehat, N., Kramer, J.K. G., Mossoba, M.M., Yurawecz, M.P., Roach, J.A. G., Eulitz, K., Morehouse, K.M. and Ku, Y. (1998b). Identification of conjugated linoleic acid isomers in cheese by gas chromatography, silver ion high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectral reconstructed ion profiles. Comparison of chromatographic elution sequences. Lipids 33:963–971.
  • Sehat, N., Yurawecz, M.P., Roach, J.A. G., Mossoba, M.M., Kramer, J.K. G. and Ku, Y. (1998a). Silver-ion high-performance liquid chromatographic separation and identification of conjugated linoleic acid isomers. Lipids 33(2):217–221.
  • Shen, X.Z., Nuernberg, K., Nuernberg, G., Zhao, R.Q., Scollan, N., Ender, K. and Dannenberger, D. (2007). Vaccenic acid and cis-9, trans-11 CLA in the Rumen and different tissues of pasture- and concentrate-fed Beef Cattle. Lipids 42:1093–1103.
  • Sieber, R., Collomb, M., Aeschlimann, A., Jelen, P. and Eyer, H. (2004). Impact of microbial cultures on conjugated linoleic acid in dairy products-a review. Int. Dairy J. 14:1–15.
  • Sigl, T., Schlamberger, G., Kienberger, H., Wiedemann, S., Meyer, H.H. D. and Kaske, M. (2010). Rumen-protected conjugated linoleic acid supplementation to dairy cows in late pregnancy and early lactation: Effects on milk composition, milk yield, blood metabolites and gene expression in liver. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 52:16.
  • Slots, T., Butler, G., Leifert, C., Kristensen, T., Skibsted, L.H. and Nielsen, J.H. (2008). Potentials to differentiate milk composition by different feeding strategies. J. Dairy Sci. 92:2057–2066.
  • Stoop, W.M., Bovenhuis, H., Heck, J.M. L. and van Arendonk, J.A. M. (2009). Effect of lactation stage and energy status on milk fat composition of Holstein-Friesian cows. J. Dairy Sci. 92(4):1469–1478.
  • Thorsdottir, I., Hill, J. and Ramel1, A. (2004). Short Communication: Seasonal variation in cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid content in milk fat from Nordic countries. J. Dairy Sci. 87(9):2800–2802.
  • Tricon, S., Burdge, G.C., Kew, S., Banerjee, T., Russell, J.J., Jones, E.L., Grimble, R.F., Williams, C.M., Yaqoob, P. and Calder, P.C. (2004). Opposing effects of cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid on blood lipids in healthy humans. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 80:614–620.
  • Tsiplakou, E., Flemetakis, E., Kalloniati, C., Papadomichelakis, G., Katinakis, P. and Zervas, G. (2009). Sheep and goats differences in CLA and fatty acids milk fat content in relation with mRNA stearoyl-CoA desaturase and lipogenic genes expression in their mammary gland. J. Dairy Res. 76:392–401.
  • Tsiplakou, E. and Zervas, G. (2008). Comparative study between sheep and goats on rumenic acid and vaccenic acid in milk fat under the same dietary treatments. Livest. Sci. 119:87–94.
  • Turpeinen, A.M., Mutanen, M., Aro, A., Salminen, I., Basu, S., Palmquist, D.L. and Griinari, J.M. (2002). Bioconversion of vaccenic acid to conjugated linoleic acid in Humans. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 76:504–510.
  • Van Soest, P.J. (1994). Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminant. 2nd ed. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York.
  • Vlaeminck, B., Harynuk, J., Fievez, V. and Marriottb, P. (2007). Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography for the separation of fatty acids in milk. Euro. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 109:757–766.
  • Wallace, R.J., McKain, N., Shingfield, K.J. and Devillard, E. (2007). Isomers of conjugated linoleic acids are synthesized via different mechanisms in ruminal digesta and bacteria. J. Lipid Res. 48:2247–2254.
  • Wang, H., Liu, T., Wang, J., Qi, Y., Ge, D. and Guan, S. (2011). Isomer-specific effects of conjugated linoleic acid on proliferative activity of cultured neural progenitor cells. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 358(1–2):13–20.
  • Wang, T., Lim, J. N., Bok, J. D., Kim, J. H., Kang, S. K., Lee, S. B., Hwang, J. H., Lee, K. H., Kang, H. S., Choi, Y. J., Kim, E. J., Choi, S. H., and Lee, H. G. (2014). Association of protein expression in isolated milk epithelial cells and cis-9, trans-11 CLA proportions in milk from dairy cows. J. Sci. Food Agr. (Published online) (DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6502).
  • Wang, T., Oh, J.J., Lim, J.N., Hong, J.E., Kim, J.H., Kim, J.H., Kang, H.S., Choi, Y.J., and Lee, H.G. (2013). Effects of lactation stage and individual performance on milk cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acids content in dairy cows. Asian Austral. J Anim. 26(2):189–194.
  • Wang, X., Shen, X., Han, H., Zhao, R. and Chen, J. (2006). Analysis of cis-9, trans-11-conjugated linoleic acid in milk fat by capillary gas chromatography (Article in Chinese). Se Pu 24(6):645–647.
  • Wang, Y., Jacome-Sosa, M.M., Vine, D.F. and Proctor, S.D. (2010). Beneficial effects of vaccenic acid on postprandial lipid metabolism and dyslipidemia: Impact of natural trans-fats to improve CVD risk. Lipid Technol. 22(5):103–106.
  • Wang, Y., Lu, j., Ruth, M.R., Goruk, S.D., Reaney, M.J., Glimm, D.R., Vine, D.F., Field, C.J. and Proctor, S.D. (2008). Trans-11 vaccenic acid dietary supplementation induces hypolipidemic effects in JCR: LA-cp rats. J. Nutr. 138:2117–2122.
  • Warner, K., Vick, B., Kleingartner, L., Isaak, R. and Doroff, K. (2003). Composition of Sunflower, NuSun, & High-Oleic Oils. National Sunflower Association, Mandan, ND, USA.
  • Warren, J.M., Simon, V.A., Bartolini, G., Erickson, K.L., Mackey, B.E. and Kelley, D.S. (2003). Trans-10, cis-12 CLA increases liver and decreases adipose tissue lipids in mice: Possible roles of specific lipid metabolism genes. Lipids 38(5):497–504.
  • Wooding, F.B., Morgan, G. and Craig, H. (1977). “Sunbursts” and “christiesomes”: Cellular fragments in normal cow and goat milk. Cell Tissue Res. 185(4):535–545.
  • Worthington, R.E. and Holley, K.T. (1967). The linolenic acid content of peanut oil. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 44 (8):515–516.
  • Yen, T.Y., Stephen Inbaraj, B., Chien, J.T. and Chen, B.H. (2010). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry determination of conjugated linoleic acids and cholesterol oxides and their stability in a model system. Anal. Biochem. 400(1):130–138.
  • Zavizion, B., van Duffelen, M., Schaeffer, W. and Politis, I. (1996). Establishment and characterization of a bovine mammary epithelial cell line with unique properties. In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. Anim. 32:138–148.
  • Zunong, M., Hanada, M., Aibibula, Y., Okamoto, M. and Tanaka, K. (2008). Variations in conjugated linoleic acid concentrations in cows milk, depending on feeding systems in different seasons. Asian-Australasian J. Anim. Sci. 21(10):1466–1472.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.