1,339
Views
41
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Reviews

Anthocyanins/anthocyanidins and colorectal cancer: What is behind the scenes?

, , &

References

  • Ali, H. M., W. Almagribi and M. N. Al-Rashidi. 2016. Antiradical and reductant activities of anthocyanidins and anthocyanins, structure-activity relationship and synthesis. Food Chemistry. 194:1275–82.
  • Banskota, S., S. C. Regmi and J. A. Kim. 2015. NOX1 to NOX2 switch deactivates AMPK and induces invasive phenotype in colon cancer cells through overexpression of MMP-7. Molecular Cancer. 14:123.
  • Barker, N., R. A. Ridgway, J. H. van Es, M. van de Wetering, H. Begthel, M. van den Born, E. Danenberg, A. R. Clarke, O. J. Sansom and H. Clevers. 2009. Crypt stem cells as the cells-of-origin of intestinal cancer. Nature. 457:608–11.
  • Blessington, T., M. N. Nzaramba, D. C. Scheuring, A. L. Hale, L. Reddivari and J. C. Miller. 2010. Cooking Methods and Storage Treatments of Potato: Effects on Carotenoids, Antioxidant Activity, and Phenolics. American Journal of Potato Research. 87:479–91.
  • Bobe, G., B. Wang, N. P. Seeram, M. G. Nair and L. D. Bourquin. 2006. Dietary anthocyanin-rich tart cherry extract inhibits intestinal tumorigenesis in APC(Min) mice fed suboptimal levels of sulindac. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry. 54:9322–8.
  • Boklan, J., G. Nanjangud, K. L. MacKenzie, C. May, M. Sadelain and M. A. Moore. 2002. Limited proliferation and telomere dysfunction following telomerase inhibition in immortal murine fibroblasts. Cancer Research. 62:2104–14.
  • Boolbol, S. K., A. J. Dannenberg, A. Chadburn, C. Martucci, X. J. Guo, J. T. Ramonetti, M. Abreu-Goris, H. L. Newmark, M. L. Lipkin, J. J. DeCosse and M. N. Bertagnolli. 1996. Cyclooxygenase-2 overexpression and tumor formation are blocked by sulindac in a murine model of familial adenomatous polyposis. Cancer Research. 56:2556–60.
  • Borovski, T., T. T. Vellinga, J. Laoukili, E. E. Santo, S. Fatrai, S. van Schelven, A. Verheem, D. L. Marvin, I. Ubink, I. Borel Rinkes and O. Kranenburg. 2016. Inhibition of RAF1 kinase activity restores apicobasal polarity and impairs tumour growth in human colorectal cancer. Gut. 0:1–10.
  • Bowen-Forbes, C. S., Y. Zhang and M. G. Nair. 2010. Anthocyanin content, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties of blackberry and raspberry fruits. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 23:554–60.
  • Brentnall, M., L. Rodriguez-Menocal, R. L. De Guevara, E. Cepero and L. H. Boise. 2013. Caspase-9, caspase-3 and caspase-7 have distinct roles during intrinsic apoptosis. BMC Cell Biology. 14:32.
  • Byun, S. Y., D. B. Kim and E. Kim. 2015. Curcumin ameliorates the tumor-enhancing effects of a high-protein diet in an azoxymethane-induced mouse model of colon carcinogenesis. Nutrition Research. 35:726–35.
  • Cagnol, S., E. Van Obberghen-Schilling and J. C. Chambard. 2006. Prolonged activation of ERK1,2 induces FADD-independent caspase 8 activation and cell death. Apoptosis. 11:337–46.
  • Caporali, S., S. Falcinelli, G. Starace, M. T. Russo, E. Bonmassar, J. Jiricny and S. D'Atri. 2004. DNA damage induced by temozolomide signals to both ATM and ATR: role of the mismatch repair system. Molecular Pharmacology. 66:478–91.
  • Charepalli, V., L. Reddivari, S. Radhakrishnan, R. Vadde, R. Agarwal and J. K. Vanamala. 2015. Anthocyanin-containing purple-fleshed potatoes suppress colon tumorigenesis via elimination of colon cancer stem cells. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry. 26:1641–9.
  • Charepalli, V., L. Reddivari, R. Vadde, S. Walia, S. Radhakrishnan and J. K. Vanamala. 2016. Eugenia jambolana (Java Plum) fruit extract exhibits anti-cancer activity against early stage human HCT-116 colon cancer cells and colon cancer stem cells. Cancers (Basel). 8:29.
  • Chen, P. N., W. H. Kuo, C. C. Chiang, H. L. Chiou, Y. S. Hsieh and S. C. Chu. 2006. Black rice anthocyanins inhibit cancer cells invasion via repressions of MMPs and u-PA expression. Chemico-Biological Interactions. 163:218–29.
  • Churg, A., R. D. Wang, H. Tai, X. Wang, C. Xie, J. Dai, S. D. Shapiro and J. L. Wright. 2003. Macrophage metalloelastase mediates acute cigarette smoke-induced inflammation via tumor necrosis factor-alpha release. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 167:1083–9.
  • Cissé, M., P. Bohuon, F. Sambe, C. Kane, M. Sakho and M. Dornier. 2012. Aqueous extraction of anthocyanins from Hibiscus sabdariffa: Experimental kinetics and modeling. Journal of Food Engineering. 109:16–21.
  • Clevers, H. and E. Batlle. 2006. EphB/EphrinB receptors and Wnt signaling in colorectal cancer. Cancer Research. 66:2–5.
  • Cooke, D., M. Schwarz, D. Boocock, P. Winterhalter, W. P. Steward, A. J. Gescher and T. H. Marczylo. 2006. Effect of cyanidin-3-glucoside and an anthocyanin mixture from bilberry on adenoma development in the ApcMin mouse model of intestinal carcinogenesis–relationship with tissue anthocyanin levels. Internation Journal of Cancer. 119:2213–20.
  • Cordon-Cardo, C.. 2004. p53 and RB: simple interesting correlates or tumor markers of critical predictive nature? Journal of Clinical Oncology. 22:975–7.
  • Cox, T. R. and J. T. Erler. 2011. Remodeling and homeostasis of the extracellular matrix: implications for fibrotic diseases and cancer. Disease Models and Mechanisms. 4:165–78.
  • Cui, X., Y. Jin, A. B. Hofseth, E. Pena, J. Habiger, A. Chumanevich, D. Poudyal, M. Nagarkatti, P. S. Nagarkatti, U. P. Singh and L. J. Hofseth. 2010. Resveratrol suppresses colitis and colon cancer associated with colitis. Cancer Prevention Research (Phila). 3:549–59.
  • Czabotar, P. E., D. Westphal, G. Dewson, S. Ma, C. Hockings, W. D. Fairlie, E. F. Lee, S. Yao, A. Y. Robin, B. J. Smith, D. C. Huang, R. M. Kluck, J. M. Adams and P. M. Colman. 2013. Bax crystal structures reveal how BH3 domains activate Bax and nucleate its oligomerization to induce apoptosis. Cell. 152:519–31.
  • De Rosso, V. V., F. E. Moran Vieyra, A. Z. Mercadante and C. D. Borsarelli. 2008. Singlet oxygen quenching by anthocyanin's flavylium cations. Free Radical Research. 42:885–91.
  • Doll, R. and R. Peto. 1981. The causes of cancer: quantitative estimates of avoidable risks of cancer in the United States today. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 66:1192–308.
  • Egeblad, M. and Z. Werb. 2002. New functions for the matrix metalloproteinases in cancer progression. Nature Reviews Cancer. 2:161–74.
  • Errami, Y., A. S. Naura, K. Kim, J. Ju, Y. Suzuki, A. H. El-Bahrawy, M. A. Ghonim, R. A. Hemeida, M. S. Mansy, J. Zhang, M. Xu, M. E. Smulson, H. Brim and A. H. Boulares. 2013. Apoptotic DNA fragmentation may be a cooperative activity between caspase-activated deoxyribonuclease and the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-regulated DNAS1L3, an endoplasmic reticulum-localized endonuclease that translocates to the nucleus during apoptosis. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 288:3460–8.
  • Esselen, M., J. Fritz, M. Hutter, N. Teller, S. Baechler, U. Boettler, T. H. Marczylo, A. J. Gescher and D. Marko. 2011. Anthocyanin-rich extracts suppress the DNA-damaging effects of topoisomerase poisons in human colon cancer cells. Molecular Nutrition and Food Research. 55:S143–153.
  • Fan, Y., R. Mao and J. Yang. 2013. NF-κB and STAT3 signaling pathways collaboratively link inflammation to cancer. Protein and Cell. 4:176–85.
  • Fearon, E. R.. 2011. Molecular genetics of colorectal cancer. Annual Reviews of Pathology. 6:479–507.
  • Ferlay, J., I. Soerjomataram, R. Dikshit, S. Eser, C. Mathers, M. Rebelo, D. M. Parkin, D. Forman and F. Bray. 2015. Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012. Internation Journal of Cancer. 136:E359–86.
  • Ferrari, D., A. Speciale, M. Cristani, D. Fratantonio, M. S. Molonia, G. Ranaldi, A. Saija and F. Cimino. 2016. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside inhibits NF-kB signalling in intestinal epithelial cells exposed to TNF-alpha and exerts protective effects via Nrf2 pathway activation. Toxicology Letters. 264:51–8.
  • Firestein, R., G. Blander, S. Michan, P. Oberdoerffer, S. Ogino, J. Campbell, A. Bhimavarapu, S. Luikenhuis, R. de Cabo, C. Fuchs, W. C. Hahn, L. P. Guarente and D. A. Sinclair. 2008. The SIRT1 deacetylase suppresses intestinal tumorigenesis and colon cancer growth. PLoS ONE. 3:e2020.
  • Forester, S. C., Y. Y. Choy, A. L. Waterhouse and P. I. Oteiza. 2014. The anthocyanin metabolites gallic acid, 3-O-methylgallic acid, and 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzaldehyde decrease human colon cancer cell viability by regulating pro-oncogenic signals. Molecular Carcinogenesis. 53:432–9.
  • Fritz, J., M. Roth, P. Holbach, M. Esselen and D. Marko. 2008. Impact of delphinidin on the maintenance of DNA integrity in human colon carcinoma cells. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry. 56:8891–6.
  • Gavathiotis, E., M. Suzuki, M. L. Davis, K. Pitter, G. H. Bird, S. G. Katz, H. Tu, Y. Kim, E. H. I. Cheng, N. Tjandra and L. D. Walensky. 2008. BAX Activation is Initiated at a Novel Interaction Site. Nature. 455:1076–81.
  • Gialeli, C., A. D. Theocharis and N. K. Karamanos. 2011. Roles of matrix metalloproteinases in cancer progression and their pharmacological targeting. The Febs Journal. 278:16–27.
  • Gorczyca, W., J. Gong and Z. Darzynkiewicz. 1993. Detection of DNA strand breaks in individual apoptotic cells by the in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase and nick translation assays. Cancer Research. 53:1945–51.
  • Grivennikov, S., E. Karin, J. Terzic, D. Mucida, G. Y. Yu, S. Vallabhapurapu, J. Scheller, E. Rose-John, H. Cheroutre, L. Eckmann and M. Karin. 2009. IL-6 and STAT3 are required for survival of intestinal epithelial cells and development of colitis associated cancer. Cancer Cell. 15:103–13.
  • Habermeyer, M., J. Fritz, H. U. Barthelmes, M. O. Christensen, M. K. Larsen, F. Boege and D. Marko. 2005. Anthocyanidins modulate the activity of human DNA topoisomerases I and II and affect cellular DNA integrity. Chemical Research in Toxicology. 18:1395–404.
  • Hagiwara, A., K. Miyashita, T. Nakanishi, M. Sano, S. Tamano, T. Kadota, T. Koda, M. Nakamura, K. Imaida, N. Ito and T. Shirai. 2001. Pronounced inhibition by a natural anthocyanin, purple corn color, of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP)-associated colorectal carcinogenesis in male F344 rats pretreated with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine. Cancer Letters. 171:17–25.
  • Haince, J. F., S. Kozlov, V. L. Dawson, T. M. Dawson, M. J. Hendzel, M. F. Lavin and G. G. Poirier. 2007. Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) signaling network is modulated by a novel poly(ADP-ribose)-dependent pathway in the early response to DNA-damaging agents. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 282:16441–53.
  • Haro, H., H. C. Crawford, B. Fingleton, K. Shinomiya, D. M. Spengler and L. M. Matrisian. 2000. Matrix metalloproteinase-7-dependent release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in a model of herniated disc resorption. The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 105:143–50.
  • Holton, T. A. and E. C. Cornish. 1995. Genetics and biochemistry of anthocyanin biosynthesis. The plant Cell. 7:1071–83.
  • Hsu, C. P., Y. T. Shih, B. R. Lin, C. F. Chiu and C. C. Lin. 2012. Inhibitory effect and mechanisms of an anthocyanins- and anthocyanidins-rich extract from purple-shoot tea on colorectal carcinoma cell proliferation. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 60:3686–92.
  • Isherwood, F. A.. 1976. Mechanism of starch-sugar interconversion in Solanum tuberosum. Phytochemistry. 15:33–41.
  • Jackson-Thompson, J., F. Ahmed, R. R. German, S. M. Lai and C. Friedman. 2006. Descriptive epidemiology of colorectal cancer in the United States, 1998–2001. Cancer. 107:1103–11.
  • Jing, P., J. A. Bomser, S. J. Schwartz, J. He, B. A. Magnuson and M. M. Giusti. 2008. Structure-function relationships of anthocyanins from various anthocyanin-rich extracts on the inhibition of colon cancer cell growth. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 56:9391–8.
  • Johnson, J. L., J. A. Bomser, J. C. Scheerens and M. M. Giusti. 2011. Effect of black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis L.) extract variation conditioned by cultivar, production site, and fruit maturity stage on colon cancer cell proliferation. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 59:1638–45.
  • Juan, M. E., I. Alfaras and J. M. Planas. 2012. Colorectal cancer chemoprevention by trans-resveratrol. Pharmacological Research. 65:584–91.
  • Kaler, P., B. N. Godasi, L. Augenlicht and L. Klampfer. 2009. The NF-kappaB/AKT-dependent Induction of Wnt Signaling in Colon Cancer Cells by Macrophages and IL-1beta. Cancer Microenvironment. 2:69–80.
  • Kang, S. Y., N. P. Seeram, M. G. Nair and L. D. Bourquin. 2003. Tart cherry anthocyanins inhibit tumor development in Apc(Min) mice and reduce proliferation of human colon cancer cells. Cancer Letters. 194:13–9.
  • Kello, M., D. Drutovic, M. B. Pilatova, V. Tischlerova, P. Perjesi and J. Mojzis. 2016. Chalcone derivatives cause accumulation of colon cancer cells in the G2/M phase and induce apoptosis. Life Sciences. 150:32–8.
  • Kim, Y. J., J. S. Kim, Y. R. Seo, J. H. Park, M. S. Choi and M. K. Sung. 2014. Carnosic acid suppresses colon tumor formation in association with antiadipogenic activity. Molecular Nutrition and Food Research. 58:2274–85.
  • Kohno, H., R. Suzuki, M. Curini, F. Epifano, F. Maltese, S. P. Gonzales and T. Tanaka. 2006. Dietary administration with prenyloxycoumarins, auraptene and collinin, inhibits colitis-related colon carcinogenesis in mice. Internation Journal of Cancer. 118:2936–2942.
  • Koide, T., Y. Hashimoto, H. Kamei, T. Kojima, M. Hasegawa and K. Terabe. 1997. Antitumor effect of anthocyanin fractions extracted from red soybeans and red beans in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals. 12:277–80.
  • Kotecha, R., A. Takami and J. L. Espinoza. 2016. Dietary phytochemicals and cancer chemoprevention: a review of the clinical evidence. Oncotarget. 7:52517–29.
  • Kroemer, G., L. Galluzzi, P. Vandenabeele, J. Abrams, E. S. Alnemri, E. H. Baehrecke, M. V. Blagosklonny, W. S. El-Deiry, P. Golstein, D. R. Green, M. Hengartner, R. A. Knight, S. Kumar, S. A. Lipton, W. Malorni, G. Nunez, M. E. Peter, J. Tschopp, J. Yuan, M. Piacentini, B. Zhivotovsky, G. Melino, and Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death. 2009. Classification of cell death: recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2009. Cell Death and Differentiation. 16:3–11.
  • Kuntz, S., S. Rudloff, H. Asseburg, C. Borsch, B. Frohling, F. Unger, S. Dold, B. Spengler, A. Rompp and C. Kunz. 2015. Uptake and bioavailability of anthocyanins and phenolic acids from grape/blueberry juice and smoothie in vitro and in vivo. The British Journal of Nutrition. 113:1044–55.
  • Lala, G., M. Malik, C. Zhao, J. He, Y. Kwon, M. M. Giusti and B. A. Magnuson. 2006. Anthocyanin-rich extracts inhibit multiple biomarkers of colon cancer in rats. Nutrition and Cancer. 54:84–93.
  • Lazze, M. C., M. Savio, R. Pizzala, O. Cazzalini, P. Perucca, A. I. Scovassi, L. A. Stivala and L. Bianchi. 2004. Anthocyanins induce cell cycle perturbations and apoptosis in different human cell lines. Carcinogenesis. 25:1427–33.
  • Lee, I. H., L. Cao, R. Mostoslavsky, D. B. Lombard, J. Liu, N. E. Bruns, M. Tsokos, F. W. Alt and T. Finkel. 2008. A role for the NAD-dependent deacetylase Sirt1 in the regulation of autophagy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 105:3374–9.
  • Lee, Y. K., W. S. Lee, G. S. Kim and O. J. Park. 2010. Anthocyanins are novel AMPKalpha1 stimulators that suppress tumor growth by inhibiting mTOR phosphorylation. Oncology Reports. 24:1471–77.
  • Lewis, C. E., J. R. L. Walker and J. E. Lancaster. 1999. Changes in anthocyanin, flavonoid and phenolic acid concentrations during development and storage of coloured potato (Solanum tuberosum L) tubers. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 79:311–16.
  • Li, H., Y. Fan, L. Zhang, A. Liu, F. Tu, K. He and J. Zhang. 2016. Phenethyl isothiocyanate inhibits the migration and invasion of colon cancer SW480 cells via the inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-9. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. 9:2423–9.
  • Li, P., D. Nijhawan, I. Budihardjo, S. M. Srinivasula, M. Ahmad, E. S. Alnemri and X. Wang. 1997. Cytochrome c and dATP-dependent formation of Apaf-1/caspase-9 complex initiates an apoptotic protease cascade. CelL. 91:479–89.
  • Lopez, J. and S. W. Tait. 2015. Mitochondrial apoptosis: killing cancer using the enemy within. British Journal of Cancer. 112:957–62.
  • Lord, C. J. and A. Ashworth. 2012. The DNA damage response and cancer therapy. Nature. 481:287–94.
  • Madiwale, G. P., L. Reddivari, D. G. Holm and J. Vanamala. 2011. Storage elevates phenolic content and antioxidant activity but suppresses antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic properties of colored-flesh potatoes against human colon cancer cell lines. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 59:8155–66.
  • Malik, M., C. Zhao, N. Schoene, M. M. Guisti, M. P. Moyer and B. A. Magnuson. 2003. Anthocyanin-rich extract from Aronia meloncarpa E induces a cell cycle block in colon cancer but not normal colonic cells. Nutrition and Cancer. 46:186–96.
  • Matusiewicz, M., K. Neubauer, M. Mierzchala-Pasierb, A. Gamian and M. Krzystek-Korpacka. 2014. Matrix metalloproteinase-9: its interplay with angiogenic factors in inflammatory bowel diseases. Disease Markers. 2014:643–5.
  • McGhie, T. K., G. D. Ainge, L. E. Barnett, J. M. Cooney and D. J. Jensen. 2003. Anthocyanin glycosides from berry fruit are absorbed and excreted unmetabolized by both humans and rats. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 51:4539–48.
  • McGhie, T. K. and M. C. Walton. 2007. The bioavailability and absorption of anthocyanins:towards a better understanding. Molecular Nutrition and Food Research. 51:702–13.
  • Mees, S. T., R. Mennigen, T. Spieker, E. Rijcken, N. Senninger, J. Haier and M. Bruewer. 2009. Expression of tight and adherens junction proteins in ulcerative colitis associated colorectal carcinoma: upregulation of claudin-1, claudin-3, claudin-4, and beta-catenin. International Journal of Colorectal Disease. 24:361–8.
  • Meira, L. B., J. M. Bugni, S. L. Green, C. W. Lee, B. Pang, D. Borenshtein, B. H. Rickman, A. B. Rogers, C. A. Moroski-Erkul, J. L. McFaline, D. B. Schauer, P. C. Dedon, J. G. Fox and L. D. Samson. 2008. DNA damage induced by chronic inflammation contributes to colon carcinogenesis in mice. The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 118:2516–25.
  • Mishra, S. K., J. H. Kang, K. H. Song, M. S. Park, D. K. Kim, Y. J. Park, C. Choi, H. M. Kim, M. K. Kim and S. H. Oh. 2013. Inonotus obliquus suppresses proliferation of colorectal cancer cells and tumor growth in mice models by downregulation of β-Catenin/NF-κB-signaling pathways. European Journal of Inflammation. 11:615–29.
  • Murray, A. W.. 2004. Recycling the cell cycle: cyclins revisited. Cell. 116:221–34.
  • Naumann, S. C., W. P. Roos, E. Jost, C. Belohlavek, V. Lennerz, C. W. Schmidt, M. Christmann and B. Kaina. 2009. Temozolomide- and fotemustine-induced apoptosis in human malignant melanoma cells: response related to MGMT, MMR, DSBs, and p53. British Journal of Cancer. 100:322–33.
  • Nelissen, I., E. Martens, P. E. Van den Steen, P. Proost, I. Ronsse and G. Opdenakker. 2003. Gelatinase B/matrix metalloproteinase-9 cleaves interferon-beta and is a target for immunotherapy. Brain. 126:1371–81.
  • Nighot, P., R. Al-Sadi, M. Rawat, S. Guo, D. M. Watterson and T. Ma. 2015. Matrix metalloproteinase 9-induced increase in intestinal epithelial tight junction permeability contributes to the severity of experimental DSS colitis. American Journal of Physiology – Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology. 309:G988–97.
  • Nunes, C., E. Ferreira, V. Freitas, L. Almeida, R. M. Barbosa and J. Laranjinha. 2013. Intestinal anti-inflammatory activity of red wine extract: unveiling the mechanisms in colonic epithelial cells. Food and function. 4:373–83.
  • Park, M. Y., J. M. Kim, J. S. Kim, M. G. Choung and M. K. Sung. 2015. Chemopreventive action of anthocyanin-rich black soybean fraction in APC. Min/+) intestinal polyposis model. Journal of Cancer Prevention. 20:193–201.
  • Parrish, A. B., C. D. Freel and S. Kornbluth. 2013. Cellular mechanisms controlling caspase activation and function. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives Biology. 5:a008672.
  • Pommier, Y. 2013. Drugging topoisomerases: lessons and challenges. ACS Chemical Biology. 8:82–95.
  • Pramanik, K. C., N. M. Fofaria, P. Gupta, A. Ranjan, S. H. Kim and S. K. Srivastava. 2015. Inhibition of beta-catenin signaling suppresses pancreatic tumor growth by disrupting nuclear beta-catenin/TCF-1 complex: critical role of STAT-3. Oncotarget. 6:11561–74.
  • Priyadarsini, R. V. and S. Nagini. 2012. Cancer chemoprevention by dietary phytochemicals: promises and pitfalls. Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology. 13:125–36.
  • Ravipati, A. S., L. Zhang, S. R. Koyyalamudi, S. C. Jeong, N. Reddy, J. Bartlett, P. T. Smith, K. Shanmugam, G. Munch, M. J. Wu, M. Satyanarayanan and B. Vysetti. 2012. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of selected Chinese medicinal plants and their relation with antioxidant content. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 12:173.
  • Renis, M., L. Calandra, C. Scifo, B. Tomasello, V. Cardile, L. Vanella, R. Bei, L. La Fauci and F. Galvano. 2008. Response of cell cycle/stress-related protein expression and DNA damage upon treatment of CaCo2 cells with anthocyanins. The British Journal of Nutrition. 100:27–35.
  • Rhodes, J. M. and B. J. Campbell. 2002. Inflammation and colorectal cancer: IBD-associated and sporadic cancer compared. Trends in molecular medicine. 8:10–6.
  • Salazar-Roa, M. and M. Malumbres. 2017. Fueling the cell division cycle. Trends in Cell Biology. 27:69–81.
  • Santoni-Rugiu, E., J. Falck, N. Mailand, J. Bartek and J. Lukas. 2000. Involvement of Myc activity in a G(1)/S-promoting mechanism parallel to the pRb/E2F pathway. Molecular and Cellular Biology. 20:3497–509.
  • Saud, S. M., M. R. Young, Y. L. Jones-Hall, L. Ileva, M. O. Evbuomwan, J. Wise, N. H. Colburn, Y. S. Kim and G. Bobe. 2013. Chemopreventive activity of plant flavonoid isorhamnetin in colorectal cancer is mediated by oncogenic Src and beta-catenin. Cancer Research. 73:5473–84.
  • Scalbert, A., C. Manach, C. Morand, C. Remesy and L. Jimenez. 2007. Dietary polyphenols and the prevention of diseases. Crititical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 45:287–306.
  • Schonbeck, U., F. Mach and P. Libby. 1998. Generation of biologically active IL-1 beta by matrix metalloproteinases: a novel caspase-1-independent pathway of IL-1 beta processing. The Journal of Immunology. 161:3340–6.
  • Seeram, N. P., L. S. Adams, Y. Zhang, R. Lee, D. Sand, H. S. Scheuller and D. Heber. 2006. Blackberry, black raspberry, blueberry, cranberry, red raspberry, and strawberry extracts inhibit growth and stimulate apoptosis of human cancer cells in vitro. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 54:9329–39.
  • Shashirekha, M. N., S. E. Mallikarjuna and S. Rajarathnam. 2015. Status of bioactive compounds in foods, with focus on fruits and vegetables. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 55:1324–39.
  • Shi, N., S. K. Clinton, Z. Liu, Y. Wang, K. M. Riedl, S. J. Schwartz, X. Zhang, Z. Pan and T. Chen. 2015. Strawberry phytochemicals inhibit azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate-induced colorectal carcinogenesis in Crj: CD-1 mice. Nutrients. 7:1696–715.
  • Shin, D. Y., W. S. Lee, J. N. Lu, M. H. Kang, C. H. Ryu, G. Y. Kim, H. S. Kang, S. C. Shin and Y. H. Choi. 2009. Induction of apoptosis in human colon cancer HCT-116 cells by anthocyanins through suppression of Akt and activation of p38-MAPK. Internation Journal of Oncology. 35:1499–504.
  • Shin, D. Y., J. N. Lu, G. Y. Kim, J. M. Jung, H. S. Kang, W. S. Lee and Y. H. Choi. 2011. Anti-invasive activities of anthocyanins through modulation of tight junctions and suppression of matrix metalloproteinase activities in HCT-116 human colon carcinoma cells. Oncology Reports. 25:567–72.
  • Shirakami, Y., M. Shimizu, H. Tsurumi, Y. Hara, T. Tanaka and H. Moriwaki. 2008. EGCG and Polyphenon E attenuate inflammation-related mouse colon carcinogenesis induced by AOM plus DDS. Molecular Medicine Reports. 1:355–61.
  • Siegel, R. L., K. D. Miller and A. Jemal. 2016. Cancer statistics, 2016. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians. 66:7–30.
  • Silva, R. M., V. M. Campanholo, A. P. Paiotti, R. A. Neto, C. T. Oshima, D. A. Ribeiro and N. M. Forones. 2015. Chemopreventive activity of grape juice concentrate. G8000TM) on rat colon carcinogenesis induced by azoxymethane. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology. 40:870–5.
  • Solfanelli, C., A. Poggi, E. Loreti, A. Alpi and P. Perata. 2006. Sucrose-specific induction of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway in arabidopsis. Plant Physiology. 140:637–46.
  • Srivastava, A., C. C. Akoh, J. Fischer and G. Krewer. 2007. Effect of anthocyanin fractions from selected cultivars of Georgia-grown blueberries on apoptosis and phase II enzymes. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 55:3180–5.
  • Sui, X., N. Kong, L. Ye, W. Han, J. Zhou, Q. Zhang, C. He and H. Pan. 2014. p38 and JNK MAPK pathways control the balance of apoptosis and autophagy in response to chemotherapeutic agents. Cancer Letters. 344:174–9.
  • Surh, Y. J.. 2003. Cancer chemoprevention with dietary phytochemicals. Nature Reviews Cancer. 3:768–80.
  • Symonds, E. L., I. Konczak and M. Fenech. 2013b. The Australian fruit Illawarra plum (Podocarpus elatus Endl., Podocarpaceae) inhibits telomerase, increases histone deacetylase activity and decreases proliferation of colon cancer cells. The British Journal of Nutrition. 109:2117–25.
  • Szlosarek, P., K. A. Charles and F. R. Balkwill. 2006. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha as a tumour promoter. European Journal of Cancer. 42:745–50.
  • Takeuchi, O. and S. Akira. 2010. Pattern Recognition Receptors and Inflammation. Cell. 140:805–20.
  • Tarmin, L., J. Yin, N. Harpaz, M. Kozam, J. Noordzij, L. B. Antonio, H. Y. Jiang, O. Chan, K. Cymes and S. J. Meltzer. 1995. Adenomatous polyposis coli gene mutations in ulcerative colitis-associated dysplasias and cancers versus sporadic colon neoplasms. Cancer Research. 55:2035–8.
  • Tentner, A. R., M. J. Lee, G. J. Ostheimer, L. D. Samson, D. A. Lauffenburger and M. B. Yaffe. 2012. Combined experimental and computational analysis of DNA damage signaling reveals context-dependent roles for Erk in apoptosis and G1/S arrest after genotoxic stress. Molecular Systems Biology. 8:568.
  • Terzic, J., S. Grivennikov, E. Karin and M. Karin. 2010. Inflammation and colon cancer. Gastroenterology. 138:2101–14 e5.
  • Thomasset, S., D. P. Berry, H. Cai, K. West, T. H. Marczylo, D. Marsden, K. Brown, A. Dennison, G. Garcea, A. Miller, D. Hemingway, W. P. Steward and A. J. Gescher. 2009. Pilot study of oral anthocyanins for colorectal cancer chemoprevention. Cancer Prev Research. Phila. 2:625–33.
  • Ting, Y., Y. S. Chiou, M. H. Pan, C. T. Ho and Q. Huang. 2015. In vitro and in vivo anti-cancer activity of tangeretin against colorectal cancer was enhanced by emulsion-based delivery system. Journal of Functional Foods. 15:264–73.
  • Vandenbroucke, R. E. and C. Libert. 2014. Is there new hope for therapeutic matrix metalloproteinase inhibition? Nature Reviews Drug Discovery. 13:904–27.
  • Verma, P. K., M. Bala, N. Kumar, and B. Singh. 2012. ‘Therapeutic potential of natural products from terrestrial plants as TNF-alpha antagonist’, Curr Top Med Chem. 12:1422–35.
  • Wu, Q. K., J. M. Koponen, H. M. Mykkanen and A. R. Torronen. 2007. Berry phenolic extracts modulate the expression of p21(WAF1) and Bax but not Bcl-2 in HT-29 colon cancer cells. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 55:1156–63.
  • Wu, X., G. R. Beecher, J. M. Holden, D. B. Haytowitz, S. E. Gebhardt and R. L. Prior. 2006. Concentrations of anthocyanins in common foods in the United States and estimation of normal consumption. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 54:4069–75.
  • Yang, X., F. Zhang, Y. Wang, M. Cai, Q. Wang, Q. Guo, Z. Li and R. Hu. 2013. Oroxylin A inhibits colitis-associated carcinogenesis through modulating the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway. Inflammatory Bowel Disease. 19:1990–2000.
  • Yazdi, A. S. and K. Ghoreschi. 2016. The Interleukin-1 Family. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. 941:21–9.
  • Yoshida, K., T. Ozaki, K. Furuya, M. Nakanishi, H. Kikuchi, H. Yamamoto, S. Ono, T. Koda, K. Omura and A. Nakagawara. 2008. ATM-dependent nuclear accumulation of IKK-alpha plays an important role in the regulation of p73-mediated apoptosis in response to cisplatin. Oncogene. 27:1183–8.
  • Yun, J. M., F. Afaq, N. Khan and H. Mukhtar. 2009. Delphinidin, an anthocyanidin in pigmented fruits and vegetables, induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human colon cancer HCT116 cells. Molecular Carcinogenesis. 48:260–70.
  • Yun, J. W., W. S. Lee, M. J. Kim, J. N. Lu, M. H. Kang, H. G. Kim, D. C. Kim, E. J. Choi, J. Y. Choi, H. G. Kim, Y. K. Lee, C. H. Ryu, G. Kim, Y. H. Choi, O. J. Park and S. C. Shin. 2010. Characterization of a profile of the anthocyanins isolated from Vitis coignetiae Pulliat and their anti-invasive activity on HT-29 human colon cancer cells. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 48:903–9.
  • Zhan, P., S. Zhao, H. Yan, H. Yin, Y. Xiao, Y. Wang, R. Ni, W. Chen, G. Wei and P. Zhang. 2017. α-enolase promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis via regulating AMPK/mTOR pathway in colorectal cancer. Molecular Carcinogenesis. 56:1427–37.
  • Zhang, C. L., L. J. Wu, H. J. Zuo, S. Tashiro, S. Onodera and T. Ikejima. 2004. Cytochrome c release from oridonin-treated apoptotic A375-S2 cells is dependent on p53 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation. Journal of Pharmacological Sciences. 96:155–63.
  • Zhang, H. and R. Tsao. 2016. Dietary polyphenols, oxidative stress and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Current Opinion in Food Science. 8:33–42.
  • Zhang, X., H. Shi, H. Tang, Z. Fang, J. Wang and S. Cui. 2015. miR-218 inhibits the invasion and migration of colon cancer cells by targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. International Journal of Molecular Medicine. 35:1301–8.
  • Zhang, Y., S. K. Vareed and M. G. Nair. 2005. Human tumor cell growth inhibition by nontoxic anthocyanidins, the pigments in fruits and vegetables. Life Sciences. 76:1465–72.
  • Zhao, C., M. M. Giusti, M. Malik, M. P. Moyer and B. A. Magnuson. 2004. Effects of commercial anthocyanin-rich extracts on colonic cancer and nontumorigenic colonic cell growth. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 52:6122–8.
  • Zhao, H., X. Zhang, X. Chen, Y. Li, Z. Ke, T. Tang, H. Chai, A. M. Guo, H. Chen and J. Yang. 2014. Isoliquiritigenin, a flavonoid from licorice, blocks M2 macrophage polarization in colitis-associated tumorigenesis through downregulating PGE2 and IL-6. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 279:311–21.
  • Zu, X. Y., Z. Y. Zhang, X. W. Zhang, M. Yoshioka, Y. N. Yang and J. Li. 2010. Anthocyanins extracted from Chinese blueberry (Vaccinium uliginosum L.) and its anticancer effects on DLD-1 and COLO205 cells. Chinese Medical Journal (Engl). 123:2714–9.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.