A comprehensive overview of the complex relationship between epigenetics, bioactive components, cancer, and aging

References

• Arora, I., M. Sharma, L. Y. Sun, and T. O. Tollefsbol. 2020. The epigenetic link between polyphenols, aging and age-related diseases. Genes 11 (9):1094. doi: 10.3390/genes11091094.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arslan, A. A., K. L. Koenig, P. Lenner, Y. Afanasyeva, R. E. Shore, Y. Chen, E. Lundin, P. Toniolo, G. Hallmans, and A. Zeleniuch-Jacquotte. 2014. Circulating estrogen metabolites and risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 23 (7):1290–7. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-14-0009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aviv, A., J. D. Kark, and E. Susser. 2015. Telomeres, atherosclerosis, and human longevity: A causal hypothesis. Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass) 26 (3):295–9. doi: 10.1097/EDE.0000000000000280.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ayissi, V. B., A. Ebrahimi, and H. Schluesenner. 2014. Epigenetic effects of natural polyphenols: A focus on SIRT1-mediated mechanisms. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research 58 (1):22–32. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201300195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Banerjee, K., and M. Mandal. 2015. Oxidative stress triggered by naturally occurring flavone apigenin results in senescence and chemotherapeutic effect in human colorectal cancer cells. Redox Biology 5:153–62. doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.04.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baur, J. A., Z. Ungvari, R. K. Minor, D. G. Le Couteur, and R. de Cabo. 2012. Are sirtuins viable targets for improving healthspan and lifespan? Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery 11 (6):443–61. doi: 10.1038/nrd3738.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bell, C. G., R. Lowe, P. D. Adams, A. A. Baccarelli, S. Beck, J. T. Bell, B. C. Christensen, V. N. Gladyshev, B. T. Heijmans, S. Horvath, et al. 2019. DNA methylation aging clocks: Challenges and recommendations. Genome Biology 20 (1):249. doi: 10.1186/s13059-019-1824-y.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bishop, K. S., and L. R. Ferguson. 2015. The interaction between epigenetics, nutrition and the development of cancer. Nutrients 7 (2):922–47. doi: 10.3390/nu7020922.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blasiak, J., J. Chojnacki, E. Pawlowska, J. Szczepanska, and C. Chojnacki. 2020. Nutrition in cancer therapy in the elderly-An epigenetic connection? Nutrients 12 (11):3366. doi: 10.3390/nu12113366.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bozzetti, F., and Z. Stanga. 2020. Does nutrition for cancer patients feed the tumour? A clinical perspective. Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology 153:103061. doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.103061.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cao, C., H. Wu, S. N. Vasilatos, U. Chandran, Y. Qin, Y. Wan, S. Oesterreich, N. E. Davidson, and Y. Huang. 2018. HDAC5-LSD1 axis regulates antineoplastic effect of natural HDAC inhibitor sulforaphane in human breast cancer cells. International Journal of Cancer 143 (6):1388–401. doi: 10.1002/ijc.31419.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Capurso, C., and G. Vendemiale. 2017. The mediterranean diet reduces the risk and mortality of the prostate cancer: A narrative review. Frontiers in Nutrition 4:38. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2017.00038.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlos-Reyes, Á., J. S. López-González, M. Meneses-Flores, D. Gallardo-Rincón, E. Ruíz-García, L. A. Marchat, H. Astudillo-de la Vega, O. N. Hernández de la Cruz, and C. López-Camarillo. 2019. Dietary compounds as epigenetic modulating agents in cancer. Frontiers in Genetics 10:79. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00079.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang, H. Y., C. Lawless, S. G. Addinall, S. Oexle, M. Taschuk, A. Wipat, D. J. Wilkinson, and D. Lydall. 2011. Genome-wide analysis to identify pathways affecting telomere-initiated senescence in budding yeast. G3 (Bethesda, MD) 1 (3):197–208. doi: 10.1534/g3.111.000216.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Choi, J. W., and T. Hua. 2021. Impact of lifestyle behaviors on cancer risk and prevention. Journal of Lifestyle Medicine 11 (1):1–7. doi: 10.15280/jlm.2021.11.1.1.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Choi, S., J. Youn, K. Kim, d Joo, S. Shin, J. Lee, H. K. Lee, I. S. An, S. Kwon, H. J. Youn, et al. 2016. Apigenin inhibits UVA-induced cytotoxicity in vitro and prevents signs of skin aging in vivo. International Journal of Molecular Medicine 38 (2):627–34. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2626.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cole, J. J., N. A. Robertson, M. I. Rather, J. P. Thomson, T. McBryan, D. Sproul, T. Wang, C. Brock, W. Clark, T. Ideker, et al. 2017. Diverse interventions that extend mouse lifespan suppress shared age-associated epigenetic changes at critical gene regulatory regions. Genome Biology 18 (1):58. doi: 10.1186/s13059-017-1185-3.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Colman, R. J., T. M. Beasley, J. W. Kemnitz, S. C. Johnson, R. Weindruch, and R. M. Anderson. 2014. Caloric restriction reduces age-related and all-cause mortality in rhesus monkeys. Nature Communications 5:3557. doi: 10.1038/ncomms4557.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daniel, M., and T. O. Tollefsbol. 2015. Epigenetic linkage of aging, cancer and nutrition. The Journal of Experimental Biology 218 (Pt 1):59–70. doi: 10.1242/jeb.107110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Jesus, B. B., and M. A. Blasco. 2013. Telomerase at the intersection of cancer and aging. Trends in Genetics 29 (9):513–20. doi: 10.1016/j.tig.2013.06.007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deepa, S. S., A. Unnikrishnan, S. Matyi, N. Hadad, and A. Richardson. 2018. Necroptosis increases with age and is reduced by dietary restriction. Aging Cell 17 (4):e12770. doi: 10.1111/acel.12770.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demetriadou, C., C. Koufaris, and A. Kirmizis. 2020. Histone N-alpha terminal modifications: Genome regulation at the tip of the tail. Epigenetics & Chromatin 13 (1):29. doi: 10.1186/s13072-020-00352-w.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dhawan, D. K. 2016. Environment and life style related epigenetics: A clinical preview. Journal of Clinical Epigenetics 2 (3).
   Google Scholar
• Divella, R., A. Daniele, E. Savino, and A. Paradiso. 2020. Anticancer effects of nutraceuticals in the mediterranean diet: An epigenetic diet model. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 17 (4):335–50. doi: 10.21873/cgp.20193.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Du, L., Z. Xie, L. C. Wu, M. Chiu, J. Lin, K. K. Chan, S. Liu, and Z. Liu. 2012. Reactivation of RASSF1A in breast cancer cells by curcumin. Nutrition and Cancer 64 (8):1228–35. doi: 10.1080/01635581.2012.717682.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farinetti, A., V. Zurlo, A. Manenti, F. Coppi, and A. V. Mattioli. 2017. Mediterranean diet and colorectal cancer: A systematic review. Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) 43-44:83–8. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.06.008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrand, J., A. Plessier, and S. E. Polo. 2020. Control of the chromatin response to DNA damage: Histone proteins pull the strings. In Seminars in cell & developmental biology. Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Foscolou, A., E. Magriplis, S. Tyrovolas, G. Soulis, V. Bountziouka, A. Mariolis, S. Piscopo, G. Valacchi, F. Anastasiou, E. Gotsis, MEDIS Study Group, et al. 2018. Lifestyle determinants of healthy ageing in a Mediterranean population: The multinational MEDIS study. Experimental Gerontology 110:35–41. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.05.008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Georgia-Eirini, D., S. Athina, V. B. Wim, K. Christos, and C. Theodoros. 2019. Natural products from Mediterranean Diet: From anti-hyperlipidemic agents to dietary epigenetic modulators. Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology 20 (10):825–44. doi: 10.2174/1573407215666190628150921.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• González-Vallinas, M., M. González-Castejón, A. Rodríguez-Casado, and A. Ramírez de Molina. 2013. Dietary phytochemicals in cancer prevention and therapy: A complementary approach with promising perspectives. Nutrition Reviews 71 (9):585–99. doi: 10.1111/nure.12051.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gu, Z., J. Suburu, H. Chen, and Y. Q. Chen. 2013. Mechanisms of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in prostate cancer prevention. BioMed Research International 2013:824563. doi: 10.1155/2013/824563.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hadad, N., A. Unnikrishnan, J. A. Jackson, D. R. Masser, L. Otalora, D. R. Stanford, A. Richardson, and W. M. Freeman. 2018. Caloric restriction mitigates age-associated hippocampal differential CG and non-CG methylation. Neurobiology of Aging 67:53–66. doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.03.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hardy, T. M., and T. O. Tollefsbol. 2011. Epigenetic diet: Impact on the epigenome and cancer. Epigenomics 3 (4):503–18. doi: 10.2217/epi.11.71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harvey, A. E., L. M. Lashinger, D. Hays, L. M. Harrison, K. Lewis, S. M. Fischer, and S. D. Hursting. 2014. Calorie restriction decreases murine and human pancreatic tumor cell growth, nuclear factor-κB activation, and inflammation-related gene expression in an insulin-like growth factor-1-dependent manner. PloS One 9 (5):e94151. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094151.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harvey, A. E., L. M. Lashinger, G. Otto, N. P. Nunez, and S. D. Hursting. 2013. Decreased systemic IGF-1 in response to calorie restriction modulates murine tumor cell growth, nuclear factor-κB activation, and inflammation-related gene expression. Molecular Carcinogenesis 52 (12):997–1006. doi: 10.1002/mc.21940.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu, Z., Chen, K. Xia, Z. Chavez, M. Pal, S. Seol, J. H. Chen, C. C. Li, W. Tyler. J., and K. 2014. Nucleosome loss leads to global transcriptional up-regulation and genomic instability during yeast aging. Genes Development 28 (4):396–408. doi: 10.1101/gad.233221.113.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hussey, B., M. R. Lindley, and S. Mastana. 2017. Epigenetics and epigenomics: the future of nutritional interventions?
   Google Scholar
• Hwangbo, D. S., H. Y. Lee, L. S. Abozaid, and K. J. Min. 2020. Mechanisms of lifespan regulation by calorie restriction and intermittent fasting in model organisms. Nutrients 12 (4):1194. doi: 10.3390/nu12041194.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang, A., X. Wang, X. Shan, Y. Li, P. Wang, P. Jiang, and Q. Feng. 2015. Curcumin reactivates silenced tumor suppressor gene RARβ by reducing DNA methylation. Phytotherapy Research: PTR 29 (8):1237–45. doi: 10.1002/ptr.5373.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jin, L., Q. Song, W. Zhang, B. Geng, and J. Cai. 2019. Roles of long noncoding RNAs in aging and aging complications. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. Molecular Basis of Disease 1865 (7):1763–71. doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.09.021.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kagohara, L. T., G. L. Stein-O’Brien, D. Kelley, E. Flam, H. C. Wick, L. V. Danilova, H. Easwaran, A. V. Favorov, J. Qian, D. A. Gaykalova, et al. 2018. Epigenetic regulation of gene expression in cancer: Techniques, resources and analysis. Briefings in Functional Genomics 17 (1):49–63. doi: 10.1093/bfgp/elx018.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kala, R., H. N. Shah, S. L. Martin, and T. O. Tollefsbol. 2015. Epigenetic-based combinatorial resveratrol and pterostilbene alters DNA damage response by affecting SIRT1 and DNMT enzyme expression, including SIRT1-dependent γ-H2AX and telomerase regulation in triple-negative breast cancer. BMC Cancer 15 (1):672. doi: 10.1186/s12885-015-1693-z.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Khan, M. I., S. Rath, V. M. Adhami, and H. Mukhtar. 2018. Targeting epigenome with dietary nutrients in cancer: Current advances and future challenges. Pharmacological Research 129:375–87. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.12.008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koch, A., S. C. Joosten, Z. Feng, T. C. de Ruijter, M. X. Draht, V. Melotte, K. M. Smits, J. Veeck, J. G. Herman, L. Van Neste, et al. 2018. Analysis of DNA methylation in cancer: Location revisited. Nature Reviews. Clinical Oncology 15 (7):459–66. doi: 10.1038/s41571-018-0004-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kondoh, H., M. Kameda, and M. Yanagida. 2020. Whole blood metabolomics in aging research. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22 (1):175. doi: 10.3390/ijms22010175.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leri, M., M. Scuto, M. L. Ontario, V. Calabrese, E. J. Calabrese, M. Bucciantini, and M. Stefani. 2020. Healthy effects of plant polyphenols: Molecular mechanisms. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21 (4):1250. doi: 10.3390/ijms21041250.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, Y., and T. O. Tollefsbol. 2011. p16(INK4a) suppression by glucose restriction contributes to human cellular lifespan extension through SIRT1-mediated epigenetic and genetic mechanisms. PloS One 6 (2):e17421. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017421.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• López-Otín, C., L. Galluzzi, J. Freije, F. Madeo, and G. Kroemer. 2016. Metabolic control of longevity. Cell 166 (4):802–21. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.07.031.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lubecka, K., L. Kurzava, K. Flower, H. Buvala, H. Zhang, D. Teegarden, I. Camarillo, M. Suderman, S. Kuang, O. Andrisani, et al. 2016. Stilbenoids remodel the DNA methylation patterns in breast cancer cells and inhibit oncogenic NOTCH signaling through epigenetic regulation of MAML2 transcriptional activity. Carcinogenesis 37 (7):656–68. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgw048.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lv, M., X. Zhu, H. Wang, F. Wang, and W. Guan. 2014. Roles of caloric restriction, ketogenic diet and intermittent fasting during initiation, progression and metastasis of cancer in animal models: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS One 9 (12):e115147. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115147.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma, L., R. Wang, H. Wang, Y. Zhang, and Z. Zhao. 2020. Long-term caloric restriction activates the myocardial SIRT1/AMPK/PGC-1α pathway in C57BL/6J male mice. Food & Nutrition Research 64. doi: 10.29219/fnr.v64.3668.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathers, J. C., G. Strathdee, and C. L. Relton. 2010. Induction of epigenetic alterations by dietary and other environmental factors. Advances in Genetics 71:3–39. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-380864-6.00001-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mattison, J. A., G. S. Roth, T. M. Beasley, E. M. Tilmont, A. M. Handy, R. L. Herbert, D. L. Longo, D. B. Allison, J. E. Young, M. Bryant, et al. 2012. Impact of caloric restriction on health and survival in rhesus monkeys from the NIA study. Nature 489 (7415):318–21. doi: 10.1038/nature11432.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mercken, E. M., S. D. Crosby, D. W. Lamming, L. JeBailey, S. Krzysik-Walker, D. T. Villareal, M. Capri, C. Franceschi, Y. Zhang, K. Becker, et al. 2013. Calorie restriction in humans inhibits the PI3K/AKT pathway and induces a younger transcription profile. Aging Cell 12 (4):645–51. doi: 10.1111/acel.12088.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mercken, E. M., J. Hu, S. Krzysik-Walker, M. Wei, Y. Li, M. W. McBurney, R. de Cabo, and V. D. Longo. 2014. SIRT1 but not its increased expression is essential for lifespan extension in caloric-restricted mice. Aging Cell 13 (1):193–6. doi: 10.1111/acel.12151.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell, S. J., M. Bernier, J. A. Mattison, M. A. Aon, T. A. Kaiser, R. M. Anson, Y. Ikeno, R. M. Anderson, D. K. Ingram, and R. de Cabo. 2019. Daily fasting improves health and survival in male mice independent of diet composition and calories. Cell Metabolism 29 (1):221–8.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.08.011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muñoz-Najar, U., and J. M. Sedivy. 2011. Epigenetic control of aging. Antioxidants & Redox Signaling 14 (2):241–59. doi: 10.1089/ars.2010.3250.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nasir, A., M. Bullo, Z. Ahmed, A. Imtiaz, E. Yaqoob, M. Jadoon, H. Ahmed, A. Afreen, and S. Yaqoob. 2020. Nutrigenomics: Epigenetics and cancer prevention: A comprehensive review. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 60 (8):1375–87. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1571480.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nepomuceno, J. C. 2013. Nutrigenomics and cancer prevention. Cancer Treatment. IntechOpen:391–416.
   Google Scholar
• Nicodemus-Johnson, J., and R. A. Sinnott. 2017. Fruit and juice epigenetic signatures are associated with independent immunoregulatory pathways. Nutrients 9 (7):752. doi: 10.3390/nu9070752.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nogueira, L. M., J. A. Lavigne, G. V. Chandramouli, H. Lui, J. C. Barrett, and S. D. Hursting. 2012. Dose-dependent effects of calorie restriction on gene expression, metabolism, and tumor progression are partially mediated by insulin-like growth factor-1. Cancer Medicine 1 (2):275–88. doi: 10.1002/cam4.23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Flanagan, C. H., L. A. Smith, S. B. McDonell, and S. D. Hursting. 2017. When less may be more: Calorie restriction and response to cancer therapy. BMC Medicine 15 (1):106. doi: 10.1186/s12916-017-0873-x.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Okunade, O., K. Niranjan, S. K. Ghawi, G. Kuhnle, and L. Methven. 2018. Supplementation of the diet by exogenous myrosinase via mustard seeds to increase the bioavailability of sulforaphane in healthy human subjects after the consumption of cooked broccoli. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research 62 (18):e1700980. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201700980.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orsini, F., L. Verotta, K. Klimo, and C. Gerhäuser. 2016. Synthesis of resveratrol derivatives and in vitro screening for potential cancer chemopreventive activities. Archiv der Pharmazie 349 (6):414–27. doi: 10.1002/ardp.201600022.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pal, S., and J. K. Tyler. 2016. Epigenetics and aging. Science Advances 2 (7):e1600584. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.1600584.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poli, A., C. Agostoni, G. Graffigna, C. Bosio, L. M. Donini, and F. Marangoni. 2019. The complex relationship between diet, quality of life and life expectancy: A narrative review of potential determinants based on data from Italy. Eating and Weight Disorders: EWD 24 (3):411–9. doi: 10.1007/s40519-018-0582-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Presley, C. J., E. Dotan, E. Soto-Perez-de-Celis, A. Jatoi, S. G. Mohile, E. Won, S. Alibhai, D. Kilari, R. Harrison, H. D. Klepin, et al. 2016. Gaps in nutritional research among older adults with cancer. Journal of Geriatric Oncology 7 (4):281–92. doi: 10.1016/j.jgo.2016.04.006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rady, I., H. Mohamed, M. Rady, I. A. Siddiqui, and H. Mukhtar. 2018. Cancer preventive and therapeutic effects of EGCG, the major polyphenol in green tea. Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 5 (1):1–23. doi: 10.1016/j.ejbas.2017.12.001.
   Google Scholar
• Raz, V., R. Kroon, H. Mei, M. Riaz, H. Buermans, S. Lassche, C. Horlings, B. Swart, J. Kalf, P. Harish, et al. 2020. Age-associated salivary microRNA biomarkers for oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21 (17):6059. doi: 10.3390/ijms21176059.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riscuta, G. 2016. Nutrigenomics at the interface of aging, lifespan, and cancer prevention. The Journal of Nutrition 146 (10):1931–9. doi: 10.3945/jn.116.235119.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rizvi, S., S. T. Raza, and F. Mahdi. 2014. Telomere length variations in aging and age-related diseases. Current Aging Science 7 (3):161–7. doi: 10.2174/1874609808666150122153151.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rodriguez, O. C., S. Choudhury, V. Kolukula, E. E. Vietsch, J. Catania, A. Preet, K. Reynoso, J. Bargonetti, A. Wellstein, C. Albanese, et al. 2012. Dietary downregulation of mutant p53 levels via glucose restriction: Mechanisms and implications for tumor therapy. Cell Cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 11 (23):4436–46. doi: 10.4161/cc.22778.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ronteltap, A., H. van Trijp, A. Berezowska, and J. Goossens. 2013. Nutrigenomics-based personalised nutritional advice: In search of a business model? Genes & Nutrition 8 (2):153–63. doi: 10.1007/s12263-012-0308-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Royston, K. J., B. Paul, S. Nozell, R. Rajbhandari, and T. O. Tollefsbol. 2018. Withaferin A and sulforaphane regulate breast cancer cell cycle progression through epigenetic mechanisms. Experimental Cell Research 368 (1):67–74. doi: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.04.015.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwingshackl, L., and G. Hoffmann. 2015. Adherence to Mediterranean diet and risk of cancer: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Cancer Medicine 4 (12):1933–47. doi: 10.1002/cam4.539.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selvakumar, P., A. Badgeley, P. Murphy, H. Anwar, U. Sharma, K. Lawrence, and A. Lakshmikuttyamma. 2020. Flavonoids and other polyphenols act as epigenetic modifiers in breast cancer. Nutrients 12 (3):761. doi: 10.3390/nu12030761.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shankar, E., R. Kanwal, M. Candamo, and S. Gupta. 2016. Dietary phytochemicals as epigenetic modifiers in cancer: Promise and challenges. Seminars in Cancer Biology 40–41:82–99. doi: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2016.04.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shankar, E., J. Montellano, and S. Gupta. 2016. Green tea polyphenols in the prevention and therapy of prostate cancer. Complementary and Alternative Medicines in Prostate Cancer: A Comprehensive Approach:114–24.
   Google Scholar
• Shively, C. A., T. C. Register, S. E. Appt, T. B. Clarkson, B. Uberseder, K. Y. J. Clear, A. S. Wilson, A. Chiba, J. A. Tooze, and K. L. Cook. 2018. Consumption of Mediterranean versus western diet leads to distinct mammary gland microbiome populations. Cell Reports 25 (1):47–56.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.08.078.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shukla, S., E. Shankar, P. Fu, G. T. MacLennan, and S. Gupta. 2015. Suppression of NF-κB and NF-κB-regulated gene expression by apigenin through IκBα and IKK pathway in TRAMP Mice. PloS One 10 (9):e0138710. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138710.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sikka, S., L. Chen, G. Sethi, and A. P. Kumar. 2012. Targeting PPARγ signaling cascade for the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer. PPAR Res 2012:968040. doi: 10.1155/2012/968040.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sivapalan, T., A. Melchini, S. Saha, P. W. Needs, M. H. Traka, H. Tapp, J. R. Dainty, and R. F. Mithen. 2018. Bioavailability of Glucoraphanin and sulforaphane from high-glucoraphanin broccoli. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research 62 (18):e1700911. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201700911.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soundararajan, P., and J. S. Kim. 2018. Anti-carcinogenic glucosinolates in cruciferous vegetables and their antagonistic effects on prevention of cancers. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 23 (11):2983. doi: 10.3390/molecules23112983.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Su, X., X. Jiang, L. Meng, X. Dong, Y. Shen, and Y. Xin. 2018. Anticancer activity of sulforaphane: The epigenetic mechanisms and the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2018:5438179. doi: 10.1155/2018/5438179.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tiffon, C. 2018. The impact of nutrition and environmental epigenetics on human health and disease. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19 (11):3425. doi: 10.3390/ijms19113425.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tollefsbol, T. O. 2014. Dietary epigenetics in cancer and aging. Cancer Treatment and Research 159:257–67. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-38007-5_15.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tripp, M. L., C. J. Dahlberg, S. Eliason, J. J. Lamb, J. J. Ou, W. Gao, J. Bhandari, D. Graham, E. Dudleenamjil, and J. G. Babish. 2019. A low-glycemic, Mediterranean diet and lifestyle modification program with targeted nutraceuticals reduces body weight, improves cardiometabolic variables and longevity biomarkers in overweight subjects: A 13-Week Observational Trial. J Med Food 22 (5):479–89. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2018.0063.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turunen, T. A., Roberts, T. C. Laitinen, P. Väänänen, M. A. Korhonen, P. Malm, T. Ylä, Herttuala, S. Turunen. and M. P. 2019. Changes in nuclear and cytoplasmic microRNA distribution in response to hypoxic stress. Scientific Reports 9 (1):10332. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-46841-1.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Uramova, S., P. Kubatka, Z. Dankova, A. Kapinova, B. Zolakova, M. Samec, P. Zubor, A. Zulli, V. Valentova, T. K. Kwon, et al. 2018. Plant natural modulators in breast cancer prevention: Status quo and future perspectives reinforced by predictive, preventive, and personalized medical approach. The EPMA Journal 9 (4):403–19. doi: 10.1007/s13167-018-0154-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vasto, S., S. Buscemi, A. Barera, M. Di Carlo, G. Accardi, and C. Caruso. 2014. Mediterranean diet and healthy ageing: A Sicilian perspective. Gerontology 60 (6):508–18. doi: 10.1159/000363060.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vera, E., B. Bernardes de Jesus, M. Foronda, J. M. Flores, and M. A. Blasco. 2013. Telomerase reverse transcriptase synergizes with calorie restriction to increase health span and extend mouse longevity. PloS One 8 (1):e53760. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053760.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verheul, M. J., R. Slimestad, and I. H. Tjøstheim. 2015. From producer to consumer: Greenhouse tomato quality as affected by variety, maturity stage at harvest, transport conditions, and supermarket storage. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 63 (20):5026–34. doi: 10.1021/jf505450j.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, W., J. Zhu, F. Lyu, D. Panigrahy, K. W. Ferrara, B. Hammock, and G. Zhang. 2014. ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids-derived lipid metabolites on angiogenesis, inflammation and cancer. Prostaglandins & Other Lipid Mediators 113–115:13–20. doi: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2014.07.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weisbeck, A., and R. J. Jansen. 2017. Nutrients and the pancreas: An epigenetic perspective. Nutrients 9 (3):283. doi: 10.3390/nu9030283.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White, M. C., D. M. Holman, J. E. Boehm, L. A. Peipins, M. Grossman, and S. J. Henley. 2014. Age and cancer risk: A potentially modifiable relationship. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 46 (3 Suppl 1):S7–S15. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2013.10.029.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. 2018. Cancer detail. World Health Organization.
   Google Scholar
• Yang, Z. H., Y. Q. Dang, and G. Ji. 2019. Role of epigenetics in transformation of inflammation into colorectal cancer. World Journal of Gastroenterology 25 (23):2863–77. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i23.2863.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yong-Quan Ng, G., D. Yang-Wei Fann, D. G. Jo, C. G. Sobey, and T. V. Arumugam. 2019. Dietary restriction and epigenetics: Part I. Conditioning Medicine 2 (6):284–99.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ziegler, R. G., B. J. Fuhrman, S. C. Moore, and C. E. Matthews. 2015. Epidemiologic studies of estrogen metabolism and breast cancer. Steroids 99 (Pt A):67–75. doi: 10.1016/j.steroids.2015.02.015.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar