A cross talk based critical analysis of solvent free microwave extraction to accentuate it as the new normal for extraction of essential oil: an attempt to overhaul the science of distillation through a comprehensive tutelage

References

• Abdel-Hameed, E. S. S., M. S. Salman, M. A. Fadl, A. Elkhateeb, and M. A. El-Awady. 2018. Chemical composition of hydrodistillation and solvent free microwave extraction of essential oils from Mentha piperita L. growing in Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and their anticancer and antimicrobial activity. Oriental Journal of Chemistry 34 (1):222–33. doi: 10.13005/ojc/340125.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abdelhadi, M., A. Meullemiestre, A. Gelicus, A. Hassani, and S. A. Rezzoug. 2015. Intensification of Hypericum perforatum L. oil isolation by solvent-free microwave extraction. Chemical Engineering Research and Design 93:621–31. doi: 10.1016/j.cherd.2014.04.012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adeogun, O. O., A. Maroyi, and A. J. Afolayan. 2018. Variation in the chemical composition of essential oils from Artemisia afra (Jacq) ex-wild leaf obtained by different methods and the effect of oil extracts on Artemia salina L. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 17 (3):519–28. doi: 10.4314/tjpr.v17i3.19.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ajayi, E. O., A. P. Sadimenko, and A. J. Afolayan. 2016. GC-MS ­evaluation of cymbopogon citratus (DC) stapf oil obtained using modified hydrodistillation and microwave extraction methods. Food Chemistry 209:262–6. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.04.071.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alexandre, E. M. C., L. M. G. Castro, S. A. Moreira, M. Pintado, and J. A. Saraiva. 2017. Comparison of emerging technologies to extract high-added value compounds from fruit residues: Pressure- and electro-based technologies. Food Engineering Reviews 9 (3):190–212. doi: 10.1007/s12393-016-9154-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arafat, Y., A. Altemimi, S. A. Ibrahim, and L. S. Badwaik. 2020. Valorization of sweet lime peel for the extraction of essential oil by solvent free microwave extraction enhanced with ultrasound pretreatment. Molecules 25 (18):4072. doi: 10.3390/molecules25184072.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benmoussa, H., A. Farhat, M. Romdhane, and J. Bouajila. 2019. Enhanced dolvent-free microwave extraction of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. essential oil seeds using double walled reactor. Arabian Journal of Chemistry 12 (8):3863–70. doi: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2016.02.010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Binello, A., L. Orio, G. Pignata, S. Nicola, F. Chemat, and G. Cravotto. 2014. Effect of microwaves on the is situ hydrodistillation of four different lamiaceae. Comptes Rendus Chimie 17 (3):181–6. doi: 10.1016/j.crci.2013.11.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boukroufa, M., C. Boutekedjiret, L. Petigny, N. Rakotomanomana, and F. Chemat. 2015. Bio-refinery of orange peels waste: A new concept based on integrated green and solvent free extraction processes using ultrasound and microwave techniques to obtain essential oil, polyphenols and pectin. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 24:72–9. doi: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2014.11.015.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carović-Stanko, K., M. Petek, M. Grdiša, J. Pintar, D. Bedeković, M. H. Ćustić, and Z. Satovic. 2016. Medicinal plants of the family Lamiaceae as functional foods—A review. Czech Journal of Food Sciences 34 (5):377–90. doi: 10.17221/504/2015-CJFS.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chemat, F., M. Abert-Vian, A. S. Fabiano-Tixier, J. Strube, L. Uhlenbrock, V. Gunjevic, and G. Cravotto. 2019. Green extraction of natural products. origins, current status, and future challenges. TrAC - Trends in Analytical Chemistry 118:248–63. doi: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.05.037.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Essential Oil (All Fields) AND Microwave (All Fields)—1,191—Web of Science Core Collection. Accessed November 27, 2021. https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/summary/4e4b4121-886e-41ae-a83a-6b796aafc4cb-171e119d/relevance/1.
   Google Scholar
• Essential Oils Market Size, Share & Growth Report [2021–2028]. Foutune Business Insight. 2021. Accessed November 27, 2021. https://www.fortunebusinessinsights.com/industry-reports/essential-oils-market-101063.
   Google Scholar
• Farhat, A., A. Sylvie Fabiano-Tixier, F. Visinoni, M. Romdhane, and F. Chemat. 2010. A surprising method for green extraction of essential oil from dry spices: Microwave dry-diffusion and gravity. Journal of Chromatography. A 1217 (47):7345–50. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.09.062.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferreira, D. F., B. N. Lucas, M. Voss, D. Santos, P. A. Mello, R. Wagner, G. Cravotto, and J. S. Barin. 2020. Solvent-free simultaneous extraction of volatile and non-volatile antioxidants from rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) by microwave hydrodiffusion and gravity. Industrial Crops and Products 145:112094. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112094.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Filly, A., A. S. Fabiano-Tixier, C. Louis, X. Fernandez, and F. Chemat. 2016. Water as a green solvent combined with different techniques for extraction of essential oil from lavender flowers. Comptes Rendus Chimie 19 (6):707–17. doi: 10.1016/j.crci.2016.01.018.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Filly, A., X. Fernandez, M. Minuti, F. Visinoni, G. Cravotto, and F. Chemat. 2014. Solvent-free microwave extraction of essential oil from aromatic herbs: From laboratory to pilot and industrial scale. Food Chemistry 150:193–8. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.10.139.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ikram, R., K. H. Low, N. B. Hashim, W. Ahmad, and M. N. A. Nasharuddin. 2019. Characterization of sulfur-compounds as chemotaxonomic markers in the essential oils of Allium species by solvent-free microwave extraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Analytical Letters 52 (4):563–74. doi: 10.1080/00032719.2018.1479411.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang, C., Y. Sun, X. Zhu, Y. Gao, L. Wang, J. Wang, L. Wu, and D. Song. 2010. Solvent-free microwave extraction coupled with headspace single-drop microextraction of essential oils from flower of Eugenia caryophyllata Thunb. Journal of Separation Science 33 (17–18):2784–90. doi: 10.1002/jssc.201000148.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jing, C. L., R. H. Huang, Y. Su, Y. Q. Li, and C. S. Zhang. 2019. Variation in chemical composition and biological activities of Flos Chrysanthemi Indici essential oil under different extraction methods. Biomolecules 9 (10):518. doi: 10.3390/biom9100518.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kala, H. K., R. Mehta, K. K. Sen, R. Tandey, and V. Mandal. 2016. Critical analysis of research trends and issues in microwave assisted extraction of phenolics: Have we really done enough. TrAC - Trends in Analytical Chemistry 85:140–52. doi: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.09.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kala, H. K., R. Mehta, K. K. Sen, R. Tandey, and V. Mandal. 2017. Strategizing method optimization of microwave-assisted extraction of plant phenolics by developing standard working principles for universal robust optimization. Analytical Methods 9 (13):2089–103. doi: 10.1039/C7AY00098G.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karpiński, T. M. 2020. Essential oils of Lamiaceae family plants as antifungals. Biomolecules 10 (1):103. doi: 10.3390/biom10010103.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kusuma, H., D. Putri, I. Dewi, and M. Mahfud. 2016. Solvent-free microwave extraction as the useful tool. Chemistry & Chemical Technology 10 (2):213–8. doi: 10.23939/chcht10.02.213.
   Google Scholar
• Kusuma, H. S., A. Altway, and M. Mahfud. 2018. Solvent-free microwave extraction of essential oil from dried patchouli (Pogostemon cablin benth) leaves. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 58:343–8. doi: 10.1016/j.jiec.2017.09.047.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kusuma, H. S., D. Kharisma, Y. Putri, I. Ekawati, P. Dewi, and M. Mahfud. 2018. Solvent-free microwave extraction of essential oil from dried basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) leaves. Chemistry & Chemical Technology 12 (4):543–8. doi: 10.23939/chcht12.04.543.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kusuma, H. S., and M. Mahfud. 2017a. Comparison of kinetic models of oil extraction from sandalwood by microwave-assisted hydrodistillation. International Food Research Journal 24 (4):1697–702.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kusuma, H. S., and M. Mahfud. 2017b. Microwave-assisted hydrodistillation for extraction of essential oil from patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) leaves. Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering 61 (2):82–92. doi: 10.3311/PPch.8676.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, J., and H. A. Chase. 2010. Applications of membrane techniques for purification of natural products. Biotechnology Letters 32 (5):601–8. doi: 10.1007/s10529-009-0199-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, Y., A. S. Fabiano-Tixier, M. A. Vian, and F. Chemat. 2013. Solvent-free microwave extraction of bioactive compounds provides a tool for green analytical chemistry. TrAC - Trends in Analytical Chemistry 47:1–11. doi: 10.1016/j.trac.2013.02.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, L., G. Song, and Y. Hu. 2007. GC-MS analysis of the essential oils of Piper nigrum L. and Piper longum L. Chromatographia 66 (9–10):785–90. doi: 10.1365/s10337-007-0408-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lucchesi, M. E., F. Chemat, and J. Smadja. 2004a. Solvent-free microwave extraction of essential oil from aromatic herbs: Comparison with conventional hydro-distillation. Journal of Chromatography. A 1043 (2):323–7. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.05.083.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lucchesi, M. E., F. Chemat, and J. Smadja. 2004b. An original solvent free microwave extraction of essential oils from spices. Flavour and Fragrance Journal 19 (2):134–8. doi: 10.1002/ffj.1274.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lucchesi, M. E., J. Smadja, S. Bradshaw, W. Louw, and F. Chemat. 2007. Solvent free microwave extraction of Elletaria cardamomum L.: A multivariate study of a new technique for the extraction of essential oil. Journal of Food Engineering 79 (3):1079–86. doi: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2006.03.029.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma, C. H., L. Yang, Y. G. Zu, and T. T. Liu. 2012. Optimization of conditions of solvent-free microwave extraction and study on antioxidant capacity of essential oil from Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. Food Chemistry 134 (4):2532–9. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.04.080.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manouchehri, R., M. J. Saharkhiz, A. Karami, and M. Niakousari. 2018. Extraction of essential oils from damask rose using green and conventional techniques: Microwave and ohmic assisted hydrodistillation versus hydrodistillation. Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy 8:76–81. doi: 10.1016/j.scp.2018.03.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masoudi, S. 2018. Volatile constituents from different parts of three Lamiacea herbs from Iran. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 17 (1):365–76. doi: 10.22037/ijpr.2018.2163.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meullemiestre, A., I. Kamal, Z. Maache-Rezzoug, F. Chemat, and S. A. Rezzoug. 2014. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of oils extracted from Pinus pinaster sawdust waste. Screening of different innovative isolation techniques. Waste and Biomass Valorization 5 (2):283–92. doi: 10.1007/s12649-013-9237-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moridi Farimani, M., F. Mirzania, A. Sonboli, and F. M. Moghaddam. 2017. Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of Dracocephalum kotschyi essential oil obtained by microwave extraction and hydrodistillation. International Journal of Food Properties 20 (sup1):306–15. doi: 10.1080/10942912.2017.1295987.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Navarrete, A., M. Herrero, A. Martín, M. J. Cocero, and E. Ibáñez. 2011. Valorization of solid wastes from essential oil industry. Journal of Food Engineering 104 (2):196–201. doi: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2010.10.033.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okoh, O. O., A. P. Sadimenko, and A. J. Afolayan. 2010. Comparative evaluation of the antibacterial activities of the essential oils of Rosmarinus officinalis L. obtained by hydrodistillation and solvent free microwave extraction methods. Food Chemistry 120 (1):308–12. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.09.084.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pandey, A. K., P. Kumar, P. Singh, N. N. Tripathi, and V. K. Bajpai. 2016. Essential oils: Sources of antimicrobials and food preservatives. Frontiers in Microbiology 7:2161–14. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.02161.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Périno, S., J. T. Pierson, K. Ruiz, G. Cravotto, and F. Chemat. 2016. Laboratory to pilot scale: Microwave extraction for polyphenols lettuce. Food Chemistry 204:108–14. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.02.088.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raut, J. S., and S. M. Karuppayil. 2014. A status review on the medicinal properties of essential oils. Industrial Crops and Products 62:250–64. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.05.055.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reichling, J. 2021. Antiviral and virucidal properties of essential oils and isolated compounds—A scientific approach. Planta Medica. e-pub ahead of print. doi: 10.1055/a-1382-2898.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samadi, M., Z. Zainal Abidin, H. Yoshida, R. Yunus, and D. R. Awang Biak. 2020. Towards higher oil yield and quality of essential oil extracted from Aquilaria malaccensis wood via the subcritical technique. Molecules 25 (17):3872. doi: 10.3390/molecules25173872.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shah, M., and S. K. Garg. 2014. Application of 2 k full factorial design in optimization of solvent-free microwave extraction of ginger essential oil. Journal of Engineering (United Kingdom) 2014:1–5. doi: 10.1155/2014/828606.
   Google Scholar
• Sharifi-Rad, J., A. Sureda, G. Tenore, M. Daglia, M. Sharifi-Rad, M. Valussi, R. Tundis, M. Sharifi-Rad, M. Loizzo, A. Ademiluyi, et al. 2017. Biological activities of essential oils: From plant chemoecology to traditional healing systems. Molecules 22 (1):70. doi: 10.3390/molecules22010070.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shishov, A., A. Bulatov, M. Locatelli, S. Carradori, and V. Andruch. 2017. Application of deep eutectic solvents in analytical chemistry. A review. Microchemical Journal 135:33–8. doi: 10.1016/j.microc.2017.07.015.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh Chouhan, K. B., R. Tandey, K. K. Sen, R. Mehta, and V. Mandal. 2019a. A unique model of gravity assisted solvent free microwave based extraction of essential oil from mentha leaves ensuring biorefinery of leftover waste biomass for extraction of nutraceuticals: Towards cleaner and greener technology. Journal of Cleaner Production 225:587–98. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.03.325.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh Chouhan, K. B., R. Tandey, K. K. Sen, R. Mehta, and V. Mandal. 2019b. Critical analysis of microwave hydrodiffusion and gravity as a green tool for extraction of essential oils: Time to replace traditional distillation. Trends in Food Science & Technology 92:12–21. doi: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.08.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vian, M. A., X. Fernandez, F. Visinoni, and F. Chemat. 2008. Microwave hydrodiffusion and gravity, a new technique for extraction of essential oils. Journal of Chromatography A 1190 (1–2):14–7. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.02.086.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, Z. M., L. Ding, L. Wang, J. Feng, T. C. Li, X. Zhou, and H. Q. Zhang. 2006. Fast determination of essential oil from dried menthol mint and orange peel by solvent free microwave extraction using carbonyl iron powder as the microwave absorption medium. Chinese Journal of Chemistry 24 (5):649–52. doi: 10.1002/cjoc.200690124.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wianowska, D., and M. Gil. 2019. New insights into the application of MSPD in various fields of analytical chemistry. TrAC - Trends in Analytical Chemistry 112:29–51. doi: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.12.028.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu, F. X., J. Y. Zhang, J. Jin, Z. G. Li, Y. B. She, and M. R. Lee. 2021. Microwave-assisted natural deep eutectic solvents pretreatment followed by hydrodistillation ccoupled with GC-MS for analysis of essential oil from turmeric (Curcuma longa L.). Journal of Oleo Science 70 (10):1481–94. doi: 10.5650/jos.ess20368.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ye, H., J. Ji, C. Deng, N. Yao, N. Li, and X. Zhang. 2006. Rapid analysis of the essential oil of Acorus tatarinowii Schott by microwave distillation, SPME, and GC-MS. Chromatographia 63 (11–12):591–4. doi: 10.1365/s10337-006-0796-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu, G. W., Q. Cheng, J. Nie, P. Wang, X. J. Wang, Z. G. Li, and M. R. Lee. 2017. DES-based microwave hydrodistillation coupled with GC-MS for analysis of essential oil from black pepper (Piper nigrum) and white pepper. Analytical Methods 9 (48):6777–84. doi: 10.1039/C7AY02072D.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zanousi, M. B. P., M. Nekoei, and M. Mohammadhosseini. 2017. Chemical compositions of the essential oils from stems, leaves and fruits of Artemisia tschernieviana and exploring quantitative structure-retention relationships (QSRRs) for prediction of corresponding retention indices. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants 20 (3):672–87. doi: 10.1080/0972060X.2017.1329669.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, Y., P. Wang, W. Zheng, G. Yu, Z. Li, Y. She, and M. Lee. 2019. Three-stage microwave extraction of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) seed essential oil with natural deep eutectic solvents. Industrial Crops and Products 140:111660. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.111660.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar