Recent advances in the biosynthesis, bioavailability, toxicology, pharmacology, and controlled release of citrus neohesperidin

References

• Aiello, P., S. Consalvi, G. Poce, A. Raguzzini, E. Toti, M. Palmery, M. Biava, M. Bernardi, M. A. Kamal, G. Perry, et al. 2021. Dietary flavonoids: Nano delivery and nanoparticles for cancer therapy. Seminars in Cancer Biology 69:150–65. doi: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.08.029.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ajmo, J. M., X. Liang, C. Q. Rogers, B. Pennock, and M. You. 2008. Resveratrol alleviates alcoholic fatty liver in mice. American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 295 (4):G833–G842.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bai, Y.-f., S.-w. Wang, X.-x. Wang, Y.-y. Weng, X.-y. Fan, H. Sheng, X.-t. Zhu, L.-j. Lou, and F. Zhang. 2019. The flavonoid-rich Quzhou Fructus Aurantii extract modulates gut microbiota and prevents obesity in high-fat diet-fed mice. Nutrition & Diabetes 9 (1):1–11. doi: 10.1038/s41387-019-0097-6.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Banjerdpongchai, R., B. Wudtiwai, P. Khaw-On, W. Rachakhom, N. Duangnil, and P. Kongtawelert. 2016. Hesperidin from Citrus seed induces human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cell apoptosis via both mitochondrial and death receptor pathways. Tumour Biology 37 (1):227–37. doi: 10.1007/s13277-015-3774-7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Banu, N., N. Alam, M. Nazmul Islam, S. Islam, S. A. Sakib, N. B. Hanif, M. R. Chowdhury, A. M. Tareq, K. Hasan Chowdhury, S. Jahan, et al. 2020. Insightful valorization of the biological activities of pani heloch leaves through experimental and computer-aided mechanisms. Molecules 25 (21):5153. doi: 10.3390/molecules25215153.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barreca, D., E. Bellocco, C. Caristi, U. Leuzzi, and G. Gattuso. 2011. Distribution of C-and O-glycosyl flavonoids,(3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl) glycosyl flavanones and furocoumarins in Citrus aurantium L. juice. Food Chemistry 124 (2):576–82. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.06.076.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barreca, D., G. Gattuso, E. Bellocco, A. Calderaro, D. Trombetta, A. Smeriglio, G. Laganà, M. Daglia, S. Meneghini, and S. M. Nabavi. 2017. Flavanones: Citrus phytochemical with health‐promoting properties. BioFactors 43 (4):495–506. doi: 10.1002/biof.1363.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bellocco, E., D. Barreca, G. Laganà, U. Leuzzi, E. Tellone, S. Ficarra, A. Kotyk, and A. Galtieri. 2009. Influence of L-rhamnosyl-D-glucosyl derivatives on properties and biological interaction of flavonoids. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry 321 (1-2):165–71. doi: 10.1007/s11010-008-9930-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benavente-Garcia, O., and J. Castillo. 2008. Update on uses and properties of citrus flavonoids: New findings in anticancer, cardiovascular, and anti-inflammatory activity. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 56 (15):6185–205.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bigoniya, P., and K. Singh. 2014. Ulcer protective potential of standardized hesperidin, a citrus flavonoid isolated from Citrus sinensis. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia 24 (3):330–40. doi: 10.1016/j.bjp.2014.07.011.
   Google Scholar
• Bilia, A. R., B. Isacchi, C. Righeschi, C. Guccione, and M. C. Bergonzi. 2014. Flavonoids loaded in nanocarriers: An opportunity to increase oral bioavailability and bioefficacy. Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences 5 (13):1–16.
   Google Scholar
• Cao, H., B. H. Chen, B. S. Inbaraj, L. Chen, G. Alvarez-Rivera, A. Cifuentes, N. Zhang, D. J. Yang, J. Simal-Gandara, M. Wang, et al. 2020. Preventive potential and mechanism of dietary polyphenols on the formation of heterocyclic aromatic amines. Food Frontiers 1 (2):134–51. doi: 10.1002/fft2.30.
   Google Scholar
• Castillo, J., O. Benavente, and A. José. 1992. Naringin and neohesperidin levels during development of leaves, flower buds, and fruits of Citrus aurantium. Plant Physiology 99 (1):67–73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Catalkaya, G., K. Venema, L. Lucini, G. Rocchetti, D. Delmas, M. Daglia, A. D. Filippis, H. Xiao, J. L. Quiles, J. Xiao, et al. 2020. Interaction of dietary polyphenols and gut microbiota: Microbial metabolism of polyphenols, influence on the gut microbiota, and implications on host health. Food Frontiers 1 (2):109–33. doi: 10.1002/fft2.25.
   Google Scholar
• Chakraborty, S., J. Rakshit, J. Bandyopadhyay, and S. Basu. 2018. Multi-functional neuroprotective activity of neohesperidin dihydrochalcone: A novel scaffold for Alzheimer’s disease therapeutics identified via drug repurposing screening. New Journal of Chemistry 42 (14):11755–69. doi: 10.1039/C8NJ00853A.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chakraborty, S., J. Rakshit, J. Bandyopadhyay, and S. Basu. 2021. Multi-target inhibition ability of neohesperidin dictates its neuroprotective activity: Implication in Alzheimer’s disease therapeutics. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 176:315–24. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.073.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang, R. C.-C,. and Y.-S. Ho. 2019. Introductory chapter: Concept of neuroprotection-a new perspective. In Neuroprotection, ed. R. C.-C. Chang and Y.-S. Ho, 1–9. London: IntechOpen.
   Google Scholar
• Chaudhary, P. R., H. Bang, G. K. Jayaprakasha, and B. S. Patil. 2016. Variation in key flavonoid biosynthetic enzymes and phytochemicals in ‘rio red’grapefruit (Citrus paradisi macf.) during fruit development. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 64 (47):9022–32. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02975.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chebil, L., C. Humeau, A. Falcimaigne, J.-M. Engasser, and M. Ghoul. 2006. Enzymatic acylation of flavonoids. Process Biochemistry 41 (11):2237–51. doi: 10.1016/j.procbio.2006.05.027.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chebrolu, K. K., J. Jifon, and B. S. Patil. 2016. Modulation of flavanone and furocoumarin levels in grapefruits (Citrus paradisi Macfad.) by production and storage conditions. Food Chemistry 196:374–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng, L., Y. Ren, D. Lin, S. Peng, B. Zhong, and Z. Ma. 2017. The anti-inflammatory properties of citrus wilsonii tanaka extract in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 and primary mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. Molecules 22 (7):1213. doi: 10.3390/molecules22071213.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, J. C., L. J. Li, S. M. Wen, Y. C. He, H. X. Liu, and Q. S. Zheng. 2011. Quantitative analysis and simulation of anti-inflammatory effects from the active components of Paino Powder () in rats. Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 8:1–6. doi: 10.1007/s11655-011-0882-0.
   Google Scholar
• Chen, W., J. Zhuang, Y. Li, Y. Shen, and X. Zheng. 2013. Myricitrin protects against peroxynitrite-mediated DNA damage and cytotoxicity in astrocytes. Food Chemistry 141 (2):927–33. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.04.033.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi, J.-M., B.-S. Yoon, S.-K. Lee, J.-K. Hwang, and R. Ryang. 2007. Antioxidant properties of neohesperidin dihydrochalcone: Inhibition of hypochlorous acid-induced DNA strand breakage, protein degradation, and cell death. Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 30 (2):324–30. doi: 10.1248/bpb.30.324.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi, S., S. Yu, J. Lee, and W. Kim. 2021. Effects of neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC) on oxidative phosphorylation, cytokine production, and lipid deposition. Foods 10 (6):1408. doi: 10.3390/foods10061408.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chowdhury, N. N., M. N. Islam, R. Jafrin, A. Rauf, A. A. Khalil, T. B. Emran, A. S. M. Aljohani, F. A. Alhumaydhi, J. M. Lorenzo, M. A. Shariati, et al. 2022. Natural plant products as effective alternatives to synthetic chemicals for postharvest fruit storage management. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 1–19. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2079112.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cirmi, S., N. Ferlazzo, G. E. Lombardo, A. Maugeri, G. Calapai, S. Gangemi, and M. Navarra. 2016. Chemopreventive agents and inhibitors of cancer hallmarks: May citrus offer new perspectives? Nutrients 8 (11):698. doi: 10.3390/nu8110698.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cirmi, S., N. Ferlazzo, G. E. Lombardo, E. Ventura-Spagnolo, S. Gangemi, G. Calapai, and M. Navarra. 2016. Neurodegenerative diseases: Might citrus flavonoids play a protective role? Molecules 21 (10):1312. doi: 10.3390/molecules21101312.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cushnie, T. T., and A. J. Lamb. 2005. Antimicrobial activity of flavonoids. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 26 (5):343–56.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Majo, D., M. Giammanco, M. La Guardia, E. Tripoli, S. Giammanco, and E. Finotti. 2005. Flavanones in Citrus fruit: Structure–antioxidant activity relationships. Food Research International 38 (10):1161–6. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2005.05.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ding, J., S. Mei, L. Gao, Q. Wang, H. Ma, and X. Chen. 2022. Tea processing steps affect chemical compositions, enzyme activities, and antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities of coffee leaves. Food Frontiers 3 (3):505–16. doi: 10.1002/fft2.136.
   Google Scholar
• Dirimanov, S., and P. Högger. 2020. Fluorescence interference of polyphenols in assays screening for dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitory activity. Food Frontiers 1 (4):484–92. doi: 10.1002/fft2.51.
   Google Scholar
• Dong, Q., Y. Wang, J. Wen, M. Huang, E. Yuan, and J. Zheng. 2017. Inclusion complex of neohesperidin dihydrochalcone and glucosyl-β-cyclodextrin: Synthesis, characterization, and bitter masking properties in aqueous solutions. Journal of Molecular Liquids 241:926–33. doi: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.05.090.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Du, L., Z. Jiang, L. Xu, N. Zhou, J. Shen, Z. Dong, L. Shen, H. Wang, and X. Luo. 2018. Microfluidic reactor for lipase-catalyzed regioselective synthesis of neohesperidin ester derivatives and their antimicrobial activity research. Carbohydrate Research 455:32–8. doi: 10.1016/j.carres.2017.11.008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dutta, M., A. M. Tareq, A. Rakib, S. Mahmud, S. A. Sami, J. Mallick, M. N. Islam, M. Majumder, M. Z. Uddin, A. Alsubaie, et al. 2021. Phytochemicals from leucas zeylanica targeting main protease of SARS-CoV-2: Chemical profiles, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations. Biology 10 (8):789. doi: 10.3390/biology10080789.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Edeoga, H. O., D. E. Okwu, and B. O. Mbaebie. 2005. Phytochemical constituents of some Nigerian medicinal plants. African Journal of Biotechnology 4 (7):685–8. doi: 10.5897/AJB2005.000-3127.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Readi, M. Z., D. Hamdan, N. Farrag, A. El-Shazly, and M. Wink. 2010. Inhibition of P-glycoprotein activity by limonin and other secondary metabolites from Citrus species in human colon and leukaemia cell lines. European Journal of Pharmacology 626 (2-3):139–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fahad, F. I., N. Barua, M. S. Islam, S. A. J. Sayem, K. Barua, M. J. Uddin, M. N. U. Chy, M. Adnan, M. N. Islam, M. A. Sayeed, et al. 2021. Investigation of the pharmacological properties of lepidagathis hyalina nees through experimental approaches. Life 11 (3):180. doi: 10.3390/life11030180.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ferrero‐Miliani, L., O. H. Nielsen, P. S. Andersen, and S. E. Girardin. 2007. Chronic inflammation: Importance of NOD2 and NALP3 in interleukin‐1β generation. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 147 (2):227–35. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2006.03261.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frydman, A., R. Liberman, D. V. Huhman, M. Carmeli-Weissberg, M. Sapir-Mir, R. Ophir, L. W Sumner, and Y. Eyal. 2013. The molecular and enzymatic basis of bitter/non‐bitter flavor of citrus fruit: Evolution of branch‐forming rhamnosyltransferases under domestication. The Plant Journal 73 (1):166–78. doi: 10.1111/tpj.12030.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frydman, A., O. Weisshaus, D. V. Huhman, L. W. Sumner, M. Bar-Peled, E. Lewinsohn, R. Fluhr, J. Gressel, and Y. Eyal. 2005. Metabolic engineering of plant cells for biotransformation of hesperedin into neohesperidin, a substrate for production of the low-calorie sweetener and flavor enhancer NHDC. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53 (25):9708–12. doi: 10.1021/jf051509m.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fujita, T., A. Kawase, T. Niwa, N. Tomohiro, M. Masuda, H. Matsuda, and M. Iwaki. 2008. Comparative evaluation of 12 immature citrus fruit extracts for the inhibition of cytochrome P450 isoform activities. Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 31 (5):925–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galluzzo, P., P. Ascenzi, P. Bulzomi, and M. Marino. 2008. The nutritional flavanone naringenin triggers antiestrogenic effects by regulating estrogen receptor α-palmitoylation. Endocrinology 149 (5):2567–75. doi: 10.1210/en.2007-1173.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gandhi, G. R., A. B. S. Vasconcelos, D.-T. Wu, H.-B. Li, P. J. Antony, H. Li, F. Geng, R. Q. Gurgel, N. Narain, and R.-Y. Gan. 2020. Citrus flavonoids as promising phytochemicals targeting diabetes and related complications: A systematic review of in vitro and in vivo studies. Nutrients 12 (10):2907. doi: 10.3390/nu12102907.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• García-Domenech, R., R. Zanni, M. Galvez-Llompart, and J. Vicente de Julian-Ortiz. 2013. Modeling anti-allergic natural compounds by molecular topology. Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening 16 (8):628–35. doi: 10.2174/1386207311316080005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gong, Y., R. Dong, X. Gao, J. Li, L. Jiang, J. Zheng, S. Cui, M. Ying, B. Yang, J. Cao, et al. 2019. Neohesperidin prevents colorectal tumorigenesis by altering the gut microbiota. Pharmacological Research 148:104460. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104460.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gong, N., B. Zhang, D. Yang, Z. Gao, G. Du, and Y. Lu. 2015. Development of new reference material neohesperidin for quality control of dietary supplements. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 95 (9):1885–91. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.6893.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• González-Castejón, M., and A. Rodriguez-Casado. 2011. Dietary phytochemicals and their potential effects on obesity: A review. Pharmacological Research 64 (5):438–55. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2011.07.004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graziano, A. C., V. Cardile, L. Crascì, S. Caggia, P. Dugo, F. Bonina, and A. Panico. 2012. Protective effects of an extract from Citrus bergamia against inflammatory injury in interferon-gamma and histamine exposed human keratinocytes. Life Sciences 90 (25–26):968–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gu, Y., Y. Li, D. Ren, L. Sun, Y. Zhuang, L. Yi, and S. Wang. 2022. Recent advances in nanomaterial‐assisted electrochemical sensors for food safety analysis. Food Frontiers 3 (3):453–79. doi: 10.1002/fft2.143.
   Google Scholar
• Guo, J., Y. Fang, F. Jiang, L. Li, H. Zhou, X. Xu, and W. Ning. 2019. Neohesperidin inhibits TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling and alleviates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. European Journal of Pharmacology 864:172712. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172712.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo, C., H. Zhang, X. Guan, and Z. Zhou. 2019. The anti-aging potential of neohesperidin and its synergistic effects with other citrus flavonoids in extending chronological lifespan of saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4742. Molecules 24 (22):4093. doi: 10.3390/molecules24224093.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamdan, D., M. Z. El-Readi, A. Tahrani, F. Herrmann, D. Kaufmann, N. Farrag, A. El-Shazly, and M. Wink. 2011a. Chemical composition and biological activity of Citrus jambhiri Lush. Food Chemistry 127 (2):394–403. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.12.129.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamdan, D., M. Z. El-Readi, A. Tahrani, F. Herrmann, D. Kaufmann, N. Farrag, A. El-Shazly, and M. Wink. 2011b. Secondary metabolites of ponderosa lemon (Citrus pyriformis) and their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic activities. Zeitschrift Fur Naturforschung. C, Journal of Biosciences 66 (7–8):385–93. doi: 10.1515/znc-2011-7-810.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamdan, D. I., M. F. Mahmoud, M. Wink, and A. M. El-Shazly. 2014. Effect of hesperidin and neohesperidin from bittersweet orange (Citrus aurantium var. bigaradia) peel on indomethacin-induced peptic ulcers in rats. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 37 (3):907–15. doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.03.006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han, G., H.-T. Kang, S. Chung, C. Lim, J. Linton, J.-H. Lee, W. Kim, S.-H. Kim, and J. Lee. 2018. Novel neohesperidin dihydrochalcone analogue inhibits adipogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells through the Nrf2 pathway. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19 (8):2215. doi: 10.3390/ijms19082215.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heim, K. E., A. R. Tagliaferro, and D. J. Bobilya. 2002. Flavonoid antioxidants: Chemistry, metabolism and structure-activity relationships. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 13 (10):572–84. doi: 10.1016/s0955-2863(02)00208-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hernández, A., S. Ruiz-Moyano, A. I. Galván, A. V. Merchán, F. Pérez Nevado, E. Aranda, M. J. Serradilla, M. d G. Córdoba, and A. Martín. 2020. Anti-fungal activity of phenolic sweet orange peel extract for controlling fungi responsible for post-harvest fruit decay. Fungal Biology 125 (2):143–52. doi: 10.1016/j.funbio.2020.05.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ho, S.-L., C.-Y. Poon, C. Lin, T. Yan, D. W.-J. Kwong, K. K.-L. Yung, M. S. Wong, Z. Bian, and H.-W. Li. 2015. Inhibition of β-amyloid aggregation by albiflorin, aloeemodin and neohesperidin and their neuroprotective effect on primary hippocampal cells against β-amyloid induced toxicity. Current Alzheimer Research 12 (5):424–33. doi: 10.2174/1567205012666150504144919.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu, L., L. Li, D. Xu, X. Xia, R. Pi, D. Xu, W. Wang, H. Du, E. Song, and Y. Song. 2014. Protective effects of neohesperidin dihydrochalcone against carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative damage in vivo and in vitro. Chemico-Biological Interactions 213:51–9. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.02.003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huzio, N. M., A. R. Grytsyk, L. I. Budniak, and I. R. Bekus. 2020. Determination of flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids in the herb of common agrimony by HPLC method. The Pharma Innovation Journal 9 (1): 43–46.
   Google Scholar
• Hwang, S.-L., P.-H. Shih, and G.-C. Yen. 2012. Neuroprotective effects of citrus flavonoids. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 60 (4):877–85. doi: 10.1021/jf204452y.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hwang, S.-L., and G.-C. Yen. 2008. Neuroprotective effects of the citrus flavanones against H2O2-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 56 (3):859–64. doi: 10.1021/jf072826r.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Islam, M. N., A. Rauf, F. I. Fahad, T. B. Emran, S. Mitra, A. Olatunde, M. A. Shariati, M. Rebezov, K. R. R. Rengasamy, and M. S. Mubarak. 2022. Superoxide dismutase: An updated review on its health benefits and industrial applications. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 62 (26):7282–300. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1913400.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ito, T., S. Fujimoto, F. Suito, M. Shimosaka, and G. Taguchi. 2017. C‐Glycosyltransferases catalyzing the formation of di‐C‐glucosyl flavonoids in citrus plants. The Plant Journal 91 (2):187–98. doi: 10.1111/tpj.13555.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Itoh, K., M. Masuda, S. Naruto, K. Murata, and H. Matsuda. 2009. Antiallergic activity of unripe Citrus hassaku fruits extract and its flavanone glycosides on chemical substance-induced dermatitis in mice. Journal of Natural Medicines 63 (4):443–50. doi: 10.1007/s11418-009-0349-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jagtiani, E. 2022. Advancements in nanotechnology for food science and industry. Food Frontiers 3 (1):56–82. doi: 10.1002/fft2.104.
   Google Scholar
• Jia, S., Y. Hu, W. Zhang, X. Zhao, Y. Chen, C. Sun, X. Li, and K. Chen. 2015. Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of neohesperidin derived from Citrus aurantium L. in diabetic KK-A y mice. Food & Function 6 (3):878–86.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang, J., L. Shan, Z. Chen, H. Xu, J. Wang, Y. Liu, and Y. Xiong. 2014. Evaluation of antioxidant-associated efficacy of flavonoid extracts from a traditional Chinese medicine Hua Ju Hong (peels of Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck). Journal of Ethnopharmacology 158:325–30. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.10.039.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang, J., L. Yan, Z. Shi, L. Wang, L. Shan, and T. Efferth. 2019. Hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of total flavonoids of Qu Zhi Ke (peel of Citrus changshan-huyou) on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats via modulation of NF-κB and MAPKs. Phytomedicine 64:153082. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.153082.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ju, Y, and K. Y. Tam. 2022. Pathological mechanisms and therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer’s disease. Neural Regeneration Research 17 (3):543–9. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.320970.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karim, N., Z. Jia, X. Zheng, S. Cui, and W. Chen. 2018. A recent review of citrus flavanone naringenin on metabolic diseases and its potential sources for high yield-production. Trends in Food Science & Technology 79:35–54. doi: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.06.012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karim, N., M. R. I. Shishir, and W. Chen. 2020. Surface decoration of neohesperidin-loaded nanoliposome using chitosan and pectin for improving stability and controlled release. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 164:2903–14. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.174.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan, M. K., and Dangles, O. 2014. A comprehensive review on flavanones, the major citrus polyphenols. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 33 (1):85–104. doi: 10.1016/j.jfca.2013.11.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan, J., S. A. Sakib, S. Mahmud, Z. Khan, M. N. Islam, M. A. Sakib, T. B. Emran, and J. Simal-Gandara. 2021. Identification of potential phytochemicals from Citrus limon against main protease of SARS-CoV-2: Molecular docking, molecular dynamic simulations and quantum computations. Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics 1–12. doi: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1947893.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan, H., H. Ullah, R. Tundis, T. Belwal, H. P. Devkota, M. Daglia, Z. Cetin, E. I. Saygili, M. d G. Campos, E. Capanoglu, et al. 2020. Dietary flavonoids in the management of Huntington’s disease: Mechanism and clinical perspective. Efood, 1 (1):38–52. doi: 10.2991/efood.k.200203.001.
   Google Scholar
• Kim, Y.-H., and Y. Tabata. 2015. Dual-controlled release system of drugs for bone regeneration. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 94:28–40. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.06.003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kubo, M. 2004. Seasonal variation on anti-allergic activity of citrus fruits and flavanone glycoside content. Nature Medicine. 58:284–94.
   Google Scholar
• Kubo, M., H. Matsuda, N. Tomohiro, and S. Harima. 2005. Historical and pharmalogical study of Citrus hassaku. Yakushigaku Zasshi 40 (1):47–51.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kwon, M., Y. Kim, J. Lee, J. A. Manthey, Y. Kim, and Y. Kim. 2022. Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone and neohesperidin dihydrochalcone-O-glycoside attenuate subcutaneous fat and lipid accumulation by regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in vivo and in vitro. Nutrients 14 (5):1087. doi: 10.3390/nu14051087.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ladanyia, M., and M. Ladaniya. 2010. Citrus fruit: Biology, technology and evaluation. Atlanta, GA: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, J., S. Lee, Y. S. Kim, and C. S. Jeong. 2009. Protective effects of neohesperidin and poncirin isolated from the fruits of Poncirus trifoliata on potential gastric disease. Phytotherapy Research 23 (12):1748–53. doi: 10.1002/ptr.2840.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, X., H. Xiao, X. Liang, D. Shi, and J. Liu. 2004. LC–MS/MS determination of naringin, hesperidin and neohesperidin in rat serum after orally administrating the decoction of Bulpleurum falcatum L. and Fractus aurantii. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 34 (1):159–66. doi: 10.1016/j.japna.2003.08.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, C., W. Hou, S. Li, and R. Tsao. 2020. Extraction and isolation of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from Citrus limon peel using an in vitro method. Journal of Separation Science 43 (8):1531–43. doi: 10.1002/jssc.201901252.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, T., Y. Ma, R. Zhang, H. Zhong, L. Wang, J. Zhao, L. Yang, and X. Fan. 2019. Resveratrol ameliorates estrogen deficiency-induced depression- and anxiety-like behaviors and hippocampal inflammation in mice. Psychopharmacology 236 (4):1385–99. doi: 10.1007/s00213-018-5148-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, L., L. Zhang, L. Ren, and Y. Xie. 2020. Advances in structures required of polyphenols for xanthine oxidase inhibition. Food Frontiers 1 (2):152–67. doi: 10.1002/fft2.27.
   Google Scholar
• Liu, Y., H. Zhang, H. Yu, S. Guo, and D. Chen. 2019. Deep eutectic solvent as a green solvent for enhanced extraction of narirutin, naringin, hesperidin and neohesperidin from Aurantii Fructus. Phytochemical Analysis 30 (2):156–63. doi: 10.1002/pca.2801.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu, Y., C. Zhang, P. Bucheli, and D. Wei. 2006. Citrus flavonoids in fruit and traditional Chinese medicinal food ingredients in China. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 61 (2):55–63. doi: 10.1007/s11130-006-0014-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu, J. F., M. Q. Zhu, H. Zhang, H. Liu, B. Xia, Y. L. Wang, X. Shi, L. Peng, and J. W. Wu. 2020. Neohesperidin attenuates obesity by altering the composition of the gut microbiota in high‐fat diet‐fed mice. FASEB Journal 34 (9):12053–71. doi: 10.1096/fj.201903102RR.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mallampalli, V. K. 2009. Expression and biochemical function of putative flavonoid GT Clones from grapefruit and identification of New Clones using the harvEST Database.
   Google Scholar
• Mellitus, D. 2005. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 28 (S37):S5–S10.
   Google Scholar
• Miastkowska, M., and E. Sikora. 2018. Anti-aging properties of plant stem cell extracts. Cosmetics 5 (4):55. doi: 10.3390/cosmetics5040055.
   Google Scholar
• Miceli, N., M. R. Mondello, M. T. Monforte, V. Sdrafkakis, P. Dugo, M. L. Crupi, M. F. Taviano, R. De Pasquale, and A. Trovato. 2007. Hypolipidemic effects of Citrus bergamia Risso et Poiteau juice in rats fed a hypercholesterolemic diet. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 55 (26):10671–7. doi: 10.1021/jf071772i.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miean, K. H, and S. Mohamed. 2001. Flavonoid (myricetin, quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin, and apigenin) content of edible tropical plants. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 49 (6):3106–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, E. G., J. J. Peacock, T. C. Bourland, S. E. Taylor, J. M. Wright, B. S. Patil, and E. G. Miller. 2007. Inhibition of oral carcinogenesis by citrus flavonoids. Nutrition and Cancer 60 (1):69–74. doi: 10.1080/01635580701616163.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nasrin, S., M. N. Islam, M. A. Tayab, M. S. Nasrin, M. A. B. Siddique, T. B. Emran, and A. A. Reza. 2022. Chemical profiles and pharmacological insights of Anisomeles indica Kuntze: An experimental chemico-biological interaction. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & Pharmacotherapie 149:112842. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112842.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nogata, Y., K. Sakamoto, H. Shiratsuchi, T. Ishii, M. Yano, and H. Ohta. 2006. Flavonoid composition of fruit tissues of citrus species. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 70 (1):178–92. doi: 10.1271/bbb.70.178.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nseir, W., F. Nassar, and N. Assy. 2010. Soft drinks consumption and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. World Journal of Gastroenterology 16 (21):2579–88. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i21.2579.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ortiz, A. d C., S. O. M. Fideles, C. H. B. Reis, M. Z. Bellini, E. d S. B. M. Pereira, J. P. G. Pilon, M. Â. de Marchi, C. R. P. Detregiachi, U. A. P. Flato, B. F. d M. Trazzi, et al. 2022. Therapeutic effects of citrus flavonoids neohesperidin, hesperidin and its aglycone, hesperetin on bone health. Biomolecules 12 (5):626. doi: 10.3390/biom12050626.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papoutsis, K., Q. V. Vuong, L. Tesoriero, P. Pristijono, C. E. Stathopoulos, S. Gkountina, F. Lidbetter, M. C. Bowyer, C. J. Scarlett, and J. B. Golding. 2018. Microwave irradiation enhances the in vitro antifungal activity of citrus by‐product aqueous extracts against Alternaria alternata. International Journal of Food Science & Technology 53 (6):1510–7. doi: 10.1111/ijfs.13732.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel, D. K., R. Kumar, S. K. Prasad, and S. Hemalatha. 2011. Pharmacologically screened aphrodisiac plant-A review of current scientific literature. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 1 (1):S131–S138. doi: 10.1016/S2221-1691(11)60140-8.
   Google Scholar
• Patel, D. K., D. Laloo, R. Kumar, and S. Hemalatha. 2011. Pedalium murex Linn.: An overview of its phytopharmacological aspects. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 4 (9):748–55. doi: 10.1016/S1995-7645(11)60186-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patil, J. R., K. N. Chidambara Murthy, G. K. Jayaprakasha, M. B. Chetti, and B. S. Patil. 2009. Bioactive compounds from Mexican lime (Citrus aurantifolia) juice induce apoptosis in human pancreatic cells. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 57 (22):10933–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peterson, J. J., J. T. Dwyer, G. R. Beecher, S. A. Bhagwat, S. E. Gebhardt, D. B. Haytowitz, and J. M. Holden. 2006. Flavanones in oranges, tangerines (mandarins), tangors, and tangelos: A compilation and review of the data from the analytical literature. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 19:S66–S73. doi: 10.1016/j.jfca.2005.12.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prasain, J. K., and S. Barnes. 2020. Cranberry polyphenols-gut microbiota interactions and potential health benefits: An updated review. Food Frontiers 1 (4):459–64. doi: 10.1002/fft2.56.
   Google Scholar
• Prescott, S., and A. Nowak-Węgrzyn. 2011. Strategies to prevent or reduce allergic disease. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 59 (Suppl. 1):28–42. doi: 10.1159/000334150.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rahman, J., A. M. Tareq, M. M. Hossain, S. A. Sakib, M. N. Islam, M. H. Ali, A. B. M. N. Uddin, M. Hoque, M. S. Nasrin, T. B. Emran, et al. 2020. Biological evaluation, DFT calculations and molecular docking studies on the antidepressant and cytotoxicity activities of Cycas pectinata Buch.-Ham. compounds. Pharmaceuticals 13 (9):232. doi: 10.3390/ph13090232.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rambaran, T. F., and A. Nordström. 2021. Medical and pharmacokinetic effects of nanopolyphenols: A systematic review of clinical trials. Food Frontiers 2 (2):140–52. doi: 10.1002/fft2.72.
   Google Scholar
• Rauf, A., M. Akram, H. Anwar, M. Daniyal, N. Munir, S. Bawazeer, S. Bawazeer, M. Rebezov, A. Bouyahya, M. A. Shariati, et al. 2022. Therapeutic potential of herbal medicine for the management of hyperlipidemia: Latest updates. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 29 (27):40281–301. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-19733-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ren, J. Y. 2021. Bringing to fore the role of peptides, polyphenols, and polysaccharides in health: The research profile of Jiaoyan Ren. Food Frontiers 2 (1):29–31. doi: 10.1002/fft2.62.
   Google Scholar
• Reshef, N., Y. Hayari, C. Goren, M. Boaz, Z. Madar, and H. Knobler. 2005. Antihypertensive effect of sweetie fruit in patients with stage I hypertension. American Journal of Hypertension 18 (10):1360–3. doi: 10.1016/j.amjhyper.2005.05.021.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosa-Falero, C., S. Torres-Rodríguez, C. Jordán, R. Licier, Y. Santiago, Z. Toledo, M. Santiago, K. Serrano, J. Sosa, and J. G. Ortiz. 2015. Citrus aurantium increases seizure latency to PTZ induced seizures in zebrafish thru NMDA and mGluR’s I and II. Frontiers in Pharmacology 5:284. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00284.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rouseff, R. L., S. F. Martin, and C. O. Youtsey. 1987. Quantitative survey of narirutin, naringin, hesperidin, and neohesperidin in citrus. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 35 (6):1027–30. doi: 10.1021/jf00078a040.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sahoo, M., S. Vishwakarma, C. Panigrahi, and J. Kumar. 2021. Nanotechnology: Current applications and future scope in food. Food Frontiers 2 (1):3–22. doi: 10.1002/fft2.58.
   Google Scholar
• Sakib, S. A., A. M. Tareq, A. Islam, A. Rakib, M. N. Islam, M. A. Uddin, M. M. Rahman, V. Seidel, and T. B. Emran. 2021. Anti-inflammatory, thrombolytic and hair-growth promoting activity of the n-hexane fraction of the methanol extract of Leea indica leaves. Plants 10 (6):1081. doi: 10.3390/plants10061081.
   Google Scholar
• Salas, M. P., G. Céliz, H. Geronazzo, M. Daz, and S. L. Resnik. 2011. Antifungal activity of natural and enzymatically-modified flavonoids isolated from citrus species. Food Chemistry 124 (4):1411–5. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.07.100.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salas, M. P., C. M. Reynoso, G. Céliz, M. Daz, and S. L. Resnik. 2012. Efficacy of flavanones obtained from citrus residues to prevent patulin contamination. Food Research International 48 (2):930–4. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2012.02.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sawalha, S. M., D. Arráez-Román, A. Segura-Carretero, and A. Fernández-Gutiérrez. 2009. Quantification of main phenolic compounds in sweet and bitter orange peel using CE–MS/MS. Food Chemistry 116 (2):567–74. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.03.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shanmugam, H., S. Ganguly, and B. Priya. 2022. Plant food bioactives and its effects on gut microbiota profile modulation for better brain health and functioning in Autism Spectrum Disorder individuals: A review. Food Frontiers 3 (1):124–41. doi: 10.1002/fft2.125.
   Google Scholar
• Sharma, K., N. Mahato, and Y. R. Lee. 2019. Extraction, characterization and biological activity of citrus flavonoids. Reviews in Chemical Engineering 35 (2):265–84. doi: 10.1515/revce-2017-0027.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi, Q., X. Song, J. Fu, C. Su, X. Xia, E. Song, and Y. Song. 2015. Artificial sweetener neohesperidin dihydrochalcone showed antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis effects against paraquat-induced liver injury in mice. International Immunopharmacology 29 (2):722–9. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.09.003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shishir, M. R. I., N. Karim, V. Gowd, J. Xie, X. Zheng, and W. Chen. 2019. Pectin-chitosan conjugated nanoliposome as a promising delivery system for neohesperidin: Characterization, release behavior, cellular uptake, and antioxidant property. Food Hydrocolloids. 95:432–44. doi: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.04.059.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinha, D., T. Satapathy, P. Jain, J. P. Chandel, D. Sahu, B. Sahu, A. Verma, S. Singh, K. Verma, and R. Rathore. 2019. In vitro antidiabetic effect of neohesperidin. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9 (6):102–9. doi: 10.22270/jddt.v9i6.3633.
   Google Scholar
• Tan, Z., J. Cheng, Q. Liu, L. Zhou, J. Kenny, T. Wang, X. Lin, J. Yuan, J. M. W. Quinn, J. Tickner, et al. 2017. Neohesperidin suppresses osteoclast differentiation, bone resorption and ovariectomised-induced osteoporosis in mice. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 439:369–78. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.09.026.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tayab, M. A., K. A. A. Chowdhury, M. Jabed, S. Mohammed Tareq, A. T. M. M. Kamal, M. N. Islam, A. M. K. Uddin, M. A. Hossain, T. B. Emran, and J. Simal-Gandara. 2021. Antioxidant-rich woodfordia fruticosa leaf extract alleviates depressive-like behaviors and impede hyperglycemia. Plants 10 (2):287. doi: 10.3390/plants10020287.
   Google Scholar
• Tayab, M. A., M. N. Islam, K. A. A. Chowdhury, and F. M. Tasnim. 2022. Targeting neuroinflammation by polyphenols: A promising therapeutic approach against inflammation-associated depression. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & Pharmacotherapie 147:112668. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112668.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teng, H., and L. Chen. 2019. Polyphenols and bioavailability: An update. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 59 (13):2040–51. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1437023.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teng, H., H. T. Deng, Y. J. He, Q. Y. Lv, and L. Chen. 2021. The role of dietary flavonoids for modulation of ATP binding cassette transporter mediated multidrug resistance. eFood 2 (5):234–46. doi: 10.53365/efood.k/144604.
   Google Scholar
• Tong, L., D. Zhou, J. Gao, Y. Zhu, H. Sun, and K. Bi. 2012. Simultaneous determination of naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, naringenin and hesperetin of Fractus aurantii extract in rat plasma by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 58:58–64. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.05.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsuchiya, H. 2010. Structure-dependent membrane interaction of flavonoids associated with their bioactivity. Food Chemistry 120 (4):1089–96. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.11.057.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ufuk, K. O. C. A. 2007. Elevation of the flavonoid content in grapefruit by introducing chalcone isomerase gene via biotechnological methods. Turk J. Pharm. Sci 4 (3):115–24.
   Google Scholar
• Van Der Watt, E., and J. C. Pretorius. 2001. Purification and identification of active antibacterial components in Carpobrotus edulis L. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 76 (1):87–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waalkens-Berendsen, D. H., M. E. M. Kuilman-Wahls, and A. Bär. 2004. Embryotoxicity and teratogenicity study with neohesperidin dihydrochalcone in rats. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 40 (1):74–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, X., Z. Chen, H. Feng, X. Chen, and L. Wei. 2019. Genetic variants of the oppA gene are involved in metabolic regulation of surfactin in Bacillus subtilis. Microbial Cell Factories 18 (1):141. doi: 10.1186/s12934-019-1176-z.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, J.-J., and P. Cui. 2013. Neohesperidin attenuates cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury via inhibiting the apoptotic pathway and activating the Akt/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Journal of Asian Natural Products Research 15 (9):1023–37. doi: 10.1080/10286020.2013.827176.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, S.-w., H. Sheng, Y.-f. Bai, Y.-y. Weng, X.-y. Fan, L.-j. Lou, and F. Zhang. 2020. Neohesperidin enhances PGC-1α-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis and alleviates hepatic steatosis in high fat diet fed mice. Nutrition & Diabetes 10 (1):1–11. doi: 10.1038/s41387-020-00130-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, J., Y. Yuan, P. Zhang, H. Zhang, X. Liu, and Y. Zhang. 2018. Neohesperidin prevents Aβ 25–35-induced apoptosis in primary cultured hippocampal neurons by blocking the S-nitrosylation of protein-disulphide isomerase. Neurochemical Research 43 (9):1736–44. doi: 10.1007/s11064-018-2589-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, H., Y. Liu, X. Chen, D. Zhu, J. Ma, Y. Yan, M. Si, X. Li, C. Sun, B. Yang, et al. 2017. Neohesperidin exerts lipid-regulating effects in vitro and in vivo via fibroblast growth factor 21 and AMP-activated protein Kinase/Sirtuin Type 1/Peroxisome Proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α signaling axis. Pharmacology 100 (3-4):115–26. doi: 10.1159/000452492.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, M., H. Zhang, C. Zhou, H. Jia, Z. Ma, and Z. Zou. 2015. Identification of the chemical constituents in aqueous extract of Zhi-Qiao and evaluation of its antidepressant effect. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 20 (4):6925–40. doi: 10.3390/molecules20046925.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao, J. 2022. Recent advances on the stability of dietary polyphenols. eFood 3 (3):e21. doi: 10.1002/efd2.21.
   Google Scholar
• Xiao, Y., D. Su, X. Hu, G. Yang, and Y. Shan. 2022. Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone ameliorates high-fat diet-induced glycolipid metabolism disorder in rats. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 70 (30):9421–31. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03574.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Xia, N., C. Wang, and S. Zhu. 2022. Interaction between pH-shifted ovalbumin and insoluble neohesperidin: Experimental and binding mechanism studies. Food Chemistry 390:133104. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xia, N., W. Wan, S. Zhu, and Q. Liu. 2020. Synthesis of hydrophobic propionyl neohesperidin ester using an immobilied enzyme and description of its anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology 8:1025. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.01025.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu, Z.-r., C.-h. Jiang, S.-y. Fan, R.-j. Yan, N. Xie, and C.-z. Wu. 2019. Comparative pharmacokinetics of naringin and neohesperidin after oral administration of flavonoid glycosides from Aurantii Fructus Immaturus in normal and gastrointestinal motility disorders mice. Chinese Herbal Medicines 11 (3):314–20. doi: 10.1016/j.chmed.2019.03.011.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu, Y.-x., H.-b. Qu, and Y.-y. Cheng. 1994. Isolation and purification of neohesperidin reference substance from Fructus Aurantii. Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs 4.
   Google Scholar
• Xu, F., J. Zang, D. Chen, T. Zhang, H. Zhan, M. Lu, and H. Zhuge. 2012. Neohesperidin induces cellular apoptosis in human breast adenocarcinoma MDA-MB-231 cells via activating the Bcl-2/Bax-mediated signaling pathway. Natural Product Communications 7 (11):1934578X1200701. 1934578X1200701116. doi: 10.1177/1934578X1200701116.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yao, L. H., Y.-M. Jiang, J. Shi, F. A. Tomas-Barberan, N. Datta, R. Singanusong, and S. S. Chen. 2004. Flavonoids in food and their health benefits. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands) 59 (3):113–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ying, Y., H. Wan, X. Zhao, L. Yu, Y. He, and W. Jin. 2020. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of the antioxidant activity of Quzhou Fructus Aurantii decoction in a rat model of hyperlipidemia. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 131:110646. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110646.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu, E. A., G.-S. Kim, J. E. Lee, S. Park, S. Yi, S. J. Lee, J. H. Kim, J. S. Jin, A. M. Abd El-Aty, J.-H. Shim, et al. 2015. Flavonoid profiles of immature and mature fruit tissues of Citrus grandis Osbeck (Dangyuja) and overall contribution to the antioxidant effect. Biomedical Chromatography 29 (4):590–4. doi: 10.1002/bmc.3318.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuan, J., F. Wei, X. Luo, M. Zhang, R. Qiao, M. Zhong, H. Chen, and W. Yang. 2020. Multi-component comparative pharmacokinetics in rats after oral administration of fructus aurantii extract, naringin, neohesperidin, and naringin-neohesperidin. Frontiers in Pharmacology 11:933. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00933.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuan, S., C. Zhang, Y. Zhu, and B. Wang. 2020. Neohesperidin ameliorates steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head by inhibiting the histone modification of lncRNA HOTAIR. Drug Design, Development and Therapy 14:5419–30. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S255276.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, H. L., G. Caprioli, H. Hussain, N. P. Khoi Le, M. A. Farag, and J. B. Xiao. 2021. A multifaceted review on dihydromyricetin resources, extraction, bioavailability, biotransformation, bioactivities, and food applications with future perspectives to maximize its value. eFood 2 (4):164–84. doi: 10.53365/efood.k/143518.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, J. F., X. M. Chen, X. Y. Mu, M. W. Hu, J. Wang, X. J. Huang, and S. P. Nie. 2021. Protective effects of flavonoids isolated from Agrocybe aegirita on dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. eFood 2 (6):288–95. doi: 10.53365/efood.k/147240.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, J., Y. Hui, F. Liu, Q. Yang, Y. Lu, Y. Chang, Q. Liu, and Y. Ding. 2022. Neohesperidin protects angiotensin II-induced hypertension and vascular remodeling. Frontiers in Pharmacology 13:890202. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.890202.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, W., S. Jiang, D. Qian, E.-x. Shang, and J.-a. Duan. 2014. Determination of metabolism of neohesperidin by human intestinal bacteria by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. Chromatographia 77 (5):439–45. doi: 10.1007/s10337-014-2625-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, Y., Y. Sun, W. Xi, Y. Shen, L. Qiao, L. Zhong, X. Ye, and Z. Zhou. 2014. Phenolic compositions and antioxidant capacities of Chinese wild mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) fruits. Food Chemistry 145:674–80. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.08.012.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, J., C. Sun, Y. Yan, Q. Chen, F. Luo, X. Zhu, X. Li, and K. Chen. 2012. Purification of naringin and neohesperidin from Huyou (Citrus changshanensis) fruit and their effects on glucose consumption in human HepG2 cells. Food Chemistry 135 (3):1471–8. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.06.004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, L., Y. Xu, Y. Li, T. Bao, V. Gowd, and W. Chen. 2017. Protective property of mulberry digest against oxidative stress–A potential approach to ameliorate dietary acrylamide-induced cytotoxicity. Food Chemistry 230:306–15. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.03.045.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, J., X. Zhu, F. Luo, C. Sun, J. Huang, X. Li, and K. Chen. 2012. Separation and purification of neohesperidin from the albedo of Citrus reticulata cv. Suavissima by combination of macroporous resin and high‐speed counter‐current chromatography. Journal of Separation Science 35 (1):128–36. doi: 10.1002/jssc.201100695.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, T., S. Hu, P. Ma, D. Che, R. Liu, Y. Zhang, J. Wang, C. Li, Y. Ding, J. Fu, et al. 2019. Neohesperidin suppresses IgE-mediated anaphylactic reactions and mast cell activation via Lyn-PLC-Ca2+ pathway. Phytotherapy Research 33 (8):2034–43. doi: 10.1002/ptr.6385.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, C., X. Z. Wan, S. Zhou, and H. Cao. 2020. Natural polyphenols: A potential therapeutic approach to hypoglycemia. eFood 1 (2):107–18. doi: 10.2991/efood.k.200302.001.
   Google Scholar
• Zhong, R., M. A. Farag, M. Chen, C. He, and J. Xiao. 2022. Recent advances in the biosynthesis, structure–activity relationships, formulations, pharmacology, and clinical trials of fisetin. eFood 3 (1–2):e3. doi: 10.1002/efd2.3.
   Google Scholar
• Zhu, H., J. Guan, J. Shi, X. Pan, S. Chang, T. Zhang, B. Feng, and J. Gu. 2020. Simultaneous determination of eight bioactive constituents of Zhi‐Zi‐Hou‐Po decoction in rat plasma by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. Journal of Separation Science 43 (2):406–17. doi: 10.1002/jssc.201900670.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu, F. M., J. X. Li, Z. L. Ma, J. Li, and B. Du. 2021. Structural identification and in vitro antioxidant activities of anthocyanins in black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa lliot). eFood 2 (4):201–8. doi: 10.53365/efood.k/143829.
   Google Scholar