Radiation preservation of foods of plant origin. Part 2. onions and other bulb crops

References

• Abdalla , A. A. 1967 . Effect of temperature and photoperiod on bulbing of the common onion (Allium cepa L.) under arid tropical condition of the Sudan . Exp. Agric. , 3 : 137
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abdalla , A. A. and Mann , L. K. 1963 . Bulb development in the onion (Allium cepa L.) and the effect of storage temperature on bulb rest . Hilgardia , 35 : 85
   Google Scholar
• Abdel‐Rahmen , M. and Isenberg , F. M. R. 1974 . The role of exogenous plant regulators in the dormancy of onion bulbs . J. Agric. Sci. , 82 : 1113
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adamicki , F. , Dyki , B. and Malewski , W. 1977 . Effect of carbon dioxide on the physiological disorders observed in onion bulbs during CA storage . Qual. Plant Foods Hum. Nutr. , 27 : 239
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anon . 1953 . Storage of onion — spoilage is reduced by control temperature and humidity . Ind. Refrig. , 127 : 39
   Google Scholar
• Morgan , B. H. and Siu , R. G. H. 1957 . “ Action of ionizing radiation on individual foods ” . In Radiation Preservation of Food , 268 Washington, D.C. : The United States Army Quartermaster Corps .
   Google Scholar
• Anon . 1968 . “ Irradiation of agricultural products ” . 168 Tel Aviv, IA‐1128 : Israel Atomic Energy Commission .
   Google Scholar
• Anon . 1970 . Progress of food irradiation work — Israel . Food Irradiat. , 10 : 23
   Google Scholar
• Anon . 1977 . Irradiated onions meet with success in Hungary . Food Irradiat. Inform. , 7 : 82
   Google Scholar
• Anon . 1977 . Development of irradiation identification techniques . Food Irradiat. Inform. , 7 : 84
   Google Scholar
• Anon . 1978 . Hungarian limited clearances for spices and onions extended; industrial interest increases . Food Irradiat. Inform. , 8 : 63
   Google Scholar
• Anon . 1980 . World‐Wide utilization of food irradiation . Food Irradiat. Newsletter , 4 (3) : 22
   Google Scholar
• Anon . 1981 . List of clearances. General survey of irradiated food products cleared for human consumption in different countries . Food Irradiat. Inform. , 11 : 96
   Google Scholar
• Aoki , S. 1977 . Present status of food irradiation in Japan . Genshiryoku Kogyo , 23 : 9
   Google Scholar
• Auda , K. and Khalaf , Z. 1979 . Studies on sprout inhibition of potatoes and onions and shelf‐life extension of dates in Iraq . Radial. Phys. Chem. , 14 : 775
   Google Scholar
• Bandyopadhyay , C. , Tewari , G. M. and Sreenivasan , A. 1973 . “ Studies on some chemical aspects of gamma‐irradiated onions ” . In Radiation Preservation of Food , Vol. II , Vienna : International Atomic Energy Agency .
   Google Scholar
• Blinc , M. 1959 . Storage of gamma irradiated potatoes and onions . Bull. Sci. Conseil Acad. RPF Yugoslavia , 4 : 102
   Google Scholar
• Boyd , J. S. and Davis , J. F. 1953 . Mechanical handling and bulk storage of onions . Michigan State Coll. Agric. Exp. Stn. Quart. Bull. , 35 : 279
   Google Scholar
• Browned , L. E. , Burns , C. H. , Isleib , D. R. , Kaupe , L. L. and Martin , R. A. Utilization of gross fission products , Prog. Rept. No. 7 Univ. Michigan . U.S. Atomic Energy Commission Con. No. AT (11–1)‐162
   Google Scholar
• Morgan , B. H. and Siu , R. G. H. 1957 . “ Action of ionizing radiation on individual foods ” . In Radiation Preservation of Food , 268 Washington, D.C. : The United States Army Quartermaster Corps. .
   Google Scholar
• Brownel, L. E., cited in reference 90.
   Google Scholar
• Brunelet , L. and Vidal , P. 1960 . Inhibition de la montee en vegetation des bulbes alimentaires . Rev. Conserve , 15 : 3
   Google Scholar
• Ceponis , M. J. and Butterfield , J. E. 1981 . Dry onion losses at the retail and consumer levels in Metropolitan New York . Hortscience , 16 : 531
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chachin , K. and Kurosaki , T. 1971 . Effects of γ‐irradiation on sprout‐inhibition, growth of microorganisms and chemical constituents of Shonan red onions . Engei Gakkai Zasshi , 40 : 91
   Google Scholar
• Chachin , K. and Ogata , K. 1971 . Effect of delay between harvest and irradiation and storage temperature on the sprout inhibition of onions by gamma irradiation . J. Food Sci. Technol. Jpn. , 18 : 378
   Google Scholar
• Chachin , K. , Matsuzuka , M. , Honjo , H. and Ogata , K. 1973 . Sprout‐inhibition of Sapporo‐ki onions and the changes of contents of nucleic acids in their inner buds by gamma irradiation . J. Food Sci. Technol. Jpn. , 20 : 158
   Google Scholar
• Chachin , K. , Ogata , K. and Honjo , H. 1976 . Relationship between some reducing compound levels in the inner buds of onions and the effect of sprout inhibition by gamma irradiation . J. Food Sci. Technol. Jpn. , 23 : 351
   Google Scholar
• Chawan , T. and Pflug , I. J. 1968 . Controlled atmosphere storage of onions . Michigan Agric, Exp. Stn. Quart. Bull. , 50 : 449
   Google Scholar
• Cho , H. K. 1982 . “ Approach to the evaluation of preservation for onions stored in experimental batches by the combination of irradiation and natural low temperature ” . Bangkok : FAO/IAEA Research Coordination Meeting on Asian Regional Project on Food Irradiation . IAEA Research Contract 2834/JN
   Google Scholar
• Chowdhury , M. S. U. and Rahman , A. T. M. F. 1973 . “ Food irradiation research in Bangladesh ” . In Radiation Preservation of Food , 637 Vienna : International Atomic Energy Agency .
   Google Scholar
• Dallyn , S. L. , Sawyer , R. L. and Sparrow , A. H. 1955 . Extending onion storage life by gamma irradiation . Nucleonics , 13 : 48
   Google Scholar
• Dallyn , S. L. and Sawyer , R. L. 1959 . Effects of gamma and fast electron irradiation on storage qualities of onions . Proc. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. , 73 : 390
   Google Scholar
• Dallyn , S. L. and Sawyer , R. L. 1954 . Effect of sprout inhibiting levels of gamma irradiation on the quality of onions . Proc. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. , 73 : 398
   Google Scholar
• Date , W. B. 1960 . Effect of preharvest sprays of maleic hydrazide on the cold storage behaviour of onions and garlic . Food Sci. , 9 : 203
   Google Scholar
• Del Rivero , J. M. and Cornejo , J. 1971 . Trials of pre‐harvest sprays with maleic hydrazide for sprout control of garlic . Bol. Patol. Veg. Entomol. Agric. , 31 : 71
   Google Scholar
• Derid , T. F. and Shalinova , R. T. 1967 . “ Effect of γ‐irradiation on the change in the content of vitamin C in onions during storage ” . In Mater. Nauch. Prakt. Konf. Ispoh loniz. Izluch. Nar. Khoz , Edited by: Neustroev , P. G. 73 Tula, , U.S.S.R. : Priokskoe Krizhnoe Izd. .
   Google Scholar
• de Zeeuw , D. 1975 . “ Commercialization of irradiated potatoes, mushrooms, onions and spices in the Netherlands ” . In Requirements for the Irradiation of Food on a Commercial Scale , 133 Vienna : International Atomic Energy Agency .
   Google Scholar
• Dharkar , S. D. 1966 . “ Radiation preservation of some fruits and vegetables ” . In Application of Food Irradiation in Developing Countries , 115 Vienna : International Atomic Energy Agency .
   Google Scholar
• Diehl , J. F. 1975 . “ Preparations for marketing irradiated potatoes and onions in the Federal Republic of Germany ” . In Requirements for the Irradiation of Food on a Commercial Scale , 31 Vienna : International Atomic Energy Agency .
   Google Scholar
• Diehl , J. F. 1977 . Experiences with irradiation of potatoes and onions . Lebensm. Wiss. Technol. , 10 : 178
   Google Scholar
• El‐Oksh , I. I. , Abdel‐Kader , A. S. , Wally , Y. A. and El‐Kholly , A. F. 1971 . Comparative effects of gamma irradiation and maleic hydrazide on storage of garlic . J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. , 96 : 637
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El‐Sayed , S. A. and El‐Waziri , S. M. 1977 . Effect of antisprouting gamma‐ray doses on enzymatic formation of flavor odor compounds in onion (Allium cepa L.) . Arab. J. Nucl. Sci. Appl. , 10 : 111
   Google Scholar
• Farkas , J. 1975 . “ Present status and prospects for the commercialization in Hungary of irradiated food items for human consumption ” . In Requirements for the Irradiation of Food on a Commercial Scale , 37 Vienna : International Atomic Energy Agency .
   Google Scholar
• Farkas , J. 1976 . Progress in food irradiation — Hungary . Food Irradiat. Inform. , 6 : 22
   Google Scholar
• Farkas , J. 1978 . Progress in food irradiation — Hungary . Food Irradiat. Inform. , 9 : 31
   Google Scholar
• Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations . 1981 . 1980 FAO Production Yearbook , Vol.35 , Rome : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations .
   Google Scholar
• Furata , J. , Hiraoka , E. , Okamoto , S. , Fujishiro , H. , Kanazawa , T. , Ohnishi , T. , Tsujii , Y. , Hori , S. and Ojima , T. 1978 . The γ‐ray dose rate effect in the sprout inhibition of onion and potato . Annu. Rep. Radial. Cent. Osaka Prefect. , 19 : 69
   Google Scholar
• Ghod , S. , Didevar , F. , Hamidi , L. and Malekghassemi , B. 1976 . Effect of gamma irradiation on potatoes and onions. Determination of vitamin C and carbohydrates before and after irradiation . Lebensm. Ernaehr. , 29 : 81
   Google Scholar
• Gonzalez , O. N. , Dimaunahn , L. B. , Pilac , L. M. and Alabastro , V. Q. 1969 . Effect of gamma irradiation on peanuts, onions and ginger . Philipp. J. Sci. , 98 : 279
   Google Scholar
• Grunewald , T. 1977 . Technological aspects of the irradiation of onions . Lebensm. Wiss. Technol. , 10 : 1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grunewald , T. 1978 . “ Studies on sprout inhibition of onions by irradiation in the Federal Republic of Germany ” . In Food Preservation by Irradiation , Vol. 1 , 123 Vienna : International Atomic Energy Agency .
   Google Scholar
• Grunewald , T. , Rumpf , G. and Tromel , I. 1978 . Storage tests with irradiated and non‐irradiated onions , BFE‐Report 1978/2 Karlsruhe : Bundesforschungsanstalt fur Ernahrung .
   Google Scholar
• Guma , A. and Revetti , L. M. 1970 . Effect of gamma irradiation on varieties of Allium cepa cultivated in Venezuela . Agron. Trop. , 20 : 109
   Google Scholar
• Cuo , An‐xi , Wang , G. Z. and Wang , V. 1981 . Biochemical effect of irradiation on potato, onion and garlic in storage. 1. Changes of major nutrients during storage . Yuang Tzu Neng Nung Yeh Ying Yung , 1 : 16
   Google Scholar
• Habibunissa , Mathur , P. B. and Bano , Z. 1971 . Effect of Cobalt‐60 gamma rays on the storage behaviour of garlic bulb at room temperature and in cold storage . Indian Food Packer , 25 (6) : 10
   Google Scholar
• Heins , H. G. 1975 . The technological evaluation of a sea‐borne trial shipment of irradiated onions from Thailand , 10 Wageningen : Association Euratom‐ITAL .
   Google Scholar
• Hetherington , C. H. and Lillie , A. B. 1961 . Proc. Fourth Jpn. Conf. Radioisotopes . 1961 . pp. 1054 cited in Reference 69
   Google Scholar
• Hingorani , M. K. and Malla , D. S. 1951 . Bacterial soft rot of onions in storage . Indian Phytopathol. , 4 : 58
   Google Scholar
• Hopen , H. J. , Deloph , R. R. , Whiteside , W. F. and Chorney , W. 1971 . Rest period reduction in non‐stored onion (Allium cepa L.) sets . J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. , 96 : 498
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hori , S. and Kawasaki , T. 1965 . Gamma irradiation of onion bulbs to inhibit sprouting. II. Browning phenomenon of innerbuds of irradiated onion bulbs, and a method for early detection for inhibition of sprouting . Annu. Rept. Radiation Center Osaka Prefect. , 5 : 90
   Google Scholar
• Hossain , M. M. , Matin , M. A. , Amin , M. R. , Rahman , S. , Siddiqui , A. K. , Begum , R. , Hossain , M. A. and Begum , N. 1982 . Pilot‐scale studies on the irradiation of Bangladesh onions . FAO/IAEA Research Coordination Meeting on Asian Regional Project on Food Irradiation . 1982 , Bangkok. IAEA Research Contract No. RC/2835/JN.
   Google Scholar
• Isenberg , F. M. 1956 . The use of maleic hydrazide on onions . Proc. Am. Soc. Hon. Sci. , 68 : 343
   Google Scholar
• Isenberg , F. M. and Ang , J. K. 1964 . Effect of maleic hydrazide field sprays on storage quality of onion bulbs . Proc. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. , 84 : 378
   Google Scholar
• Kahan , R. S. and Padova , R. 1968 . Storage test of irradiated onions, Res. Lab. Annu. Rep. 1968 , Israel Atomic Energy Commission Report IA‐1190 223
   Google Scholar
• Kahan , R. S. and Temkin‐Gorodeiski , N. 1968 . “ Storage tests and sprouting control on up‐to‐date variety of potatoes and on an experimental onion variety (Beit Alpha) ” . In Preservation of Fruit and Vegetables by Radiation , 29 Vienna : International Atomic Energy Agency .
   Google Scholar
• Kalman , B. 1978 . The potential for commercial onion irradiation in Hungary . Food Irradiat. Inform. , 8 : 9
   Google Scholar
• Kalman , B. 1979 . Marketing experiments with irradiated onions in Hungary . Food Irradiat. Newsletter , 3 (2) : 11
   Google Scholar
• Kalman , B. 1981 . Pilot plant scale irradiation of onions in Hungary . Food Irradiat. Newsletter , 5 (1) : 33
   Google Scholar
• Kalman , B. 1982 . Larger scale irradiation and marketing studies of onions . Food Irradiat. Newsletter , 6 (2) : 16
   Google Scholar
• Kalman , B. , Kiss , I. and Farkas , J. 1978 . “ Pilot‐scale studies on the irradiation of onions in Hungary ” . In Food Preservation by Irradiation , Vol. 1 , 113 Vienna : International Atomic Energy Agency .
   Google Scholar
• Kamiyama , K. 1975 . Dose distribution in onion container irradiated by commercial irradiator . J. Food Sci. Technol. Jpn. , 22 : 454
   Google Scholar
• Karmarkar , D. V. and Joshi , B. M. 1941 . Investigations on the storage of onions . Indian J. Agr. Sci. , 11 : 82
   Google Scholar
• Kawakishi , S. , Namiki , K. , Nishimura , H. and Namiki , M. 1971 . Effect of γ‐irradiation on the enzyme relating to the development of characteristic odor of onions . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 19 : 166
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawashima , K. , Hayashi , T. and Umeda , K. 1982 . On the storage properties of irradiated potatoes and onions . FAO/IAEA Research Coordination Meeting on the Asian Regional Cooperative Project on Food Irradiation . 1982 , Bangkok. Research Agreement No. 2790/CF.
   Google Scholar
• Khan , I. and Wahid , M. 1978 . “ Feasibility of radiation preservation of potatoes, onions and garlic in Pakistan ” . In Food Preservation by Irradiation , Vol. 1 , 63 Vienna : International Atomic Energy Agency .
   Google Scholar
• Kim , H. S. , Park , N. P. , Cho , H. O. , Choi , E. H. , Lee , H. S. and Kim , Y. M. 1970 . Studies on the sprout inhibition and biochemical changes of onion by gamma irradiation . J. Nucl. Sci. , 9 : 95
   Google Scholar
• Korableva , N. P. and Metlitsky , L. V. 1963 . The effect of gamma irradiation on onion growth and nucleic acid content . Dokl. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. , 150 : 1153
   Google Scholar
• Krug , H. 1966 . Physiological basis of onion culture (Allium cepa L.) . GartenbauWissenschaft , 31 : 27
   Google Scholar
• Lewis , N. F. and Mathur , P. B. 1963 . Extension of storage lives of potatoes and onions by Co‐60 γ‐rays . Intern. J. Appl. Radiat. Isolop. , 14 : 447
   Google Scholar
• Loaharanu , P. 1974 . Semi‐commercial irradiation of onions in Thailand . Food Irradiat. Inform. , 3 : 10
   Google Scholar
• Lustre , A. O. , Roncal , R. A. , Villaruel , F. G. , Ang , L. , Singson , C. C. , Carmona , C. L. and Deguzman , Z. M. 1981 . The technological feasibility of gamma radiation for the extended commercial storage of agricultural crops (1) Onions (2) Garlic . Paper IAEA‐SR‐60/ Seminar on Food Irradiation for Developing Countries in Asia and the Pacific . 1981 , Tokyo.
   Google Scholar
• MacQueen , K. F. 1965 . “ Sprout inhibition of vegetables using gamma radiation ” . In Radiation Preservation of Foods , 127 Washington, D.C. : National Academy of Sciences‐National Research Council .
   Google Scholar
• Mahmoud , A. A. , Kalman , B. and Farkas , J. 1978 . “ A study of some chemical changes in onion bulbs and their inner buds as affected by gamma irradiation and storage ” . In Food Preservation by Irradiation , Vol.1 , 99 Vienna : International Atomic Energy Agency .
   Google Scholar
• Mann , L. K. and David , A. L. 1956 . Rest and dormancy in garlic . Hilgardia , 26 : 161
   Google Scholar
• Mathur , P. B. 1962 . Irradiation of fruits and vegetables in India . Food Irradiat , 3 : A10
   Google Scholar
• Mathur , P. B. 1963 . Extension of storage life of garlic bulbs by γ‐irradiation . Intern. J. Appl. Radiat. Isolop. , 14 : 625
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Matsushima , I. , Kawakishi , S. and Namiki , M. 1974 . Effect of storage time and γ‐irradiation on the development of di‐n‐propyl disulfide from onion bulbs . J. Food Industry Jpn. , 21 : 399
   Google Scholar
• Meshitsuka , G. , Iba , S. , Ika , M. , Matsubara , H. , Tabei , M. , Yamazaki , K. , Inokoshi , Y. and Kaneko , S. 1962 . Sprout inhibition of onion bulbs by γ‐rays . Tokyo Metropolitan Isotope Centre Annu. Rept. , 1 : 78
   Google Scholar
• Messiaen , C. M. and Pereau‐Leroy , P. 1969 . Improving the storage of garlic bulbs by gamma irradiation . C.R. Seances Acad. Agric. Fr. , 5 : 485
   Google Scholar
• Metlitsky , L. V. 1966 . Role of nucleic acid metabolism in rest phenomena of storage organs of plants and methods of its regulation . Biokhim. Osn. Zashch. Rast. Akad. NaukS.S.S.R. Inst. Biokhim , : 181
   Google Scholar
• Metlitsky , L. V. , Salkova , E. G. , Mukhim , E. N. , Korableva , N. P. and Morozova , N. P. 1964 . Rest‐period controlled use of ionizing radiation during storage of onions and garlic . Biokhim. Plodov. Ovoshehei Akad. Nauk U.S.S.R. Inst. Biokhim. , : 163
   Google Scholar
• Metlitsky , L. V. , Rogachev , V. N. and Krushchev , V. G. 1968 . Radiation processing of food products , USAEC Report CRNL‐11C‐14 Moscow : Radiats. ionnaya Obrabotka Pishchevykh Produktov . translation of, 1967
   Google Scholar
• Molco , N. and Padova , R. 1969 . Chemical analysis of stored irradiated onions , Res. Lab. Ann. Rept. IA 1218 180 Israel Atomic Energy Commission .
   Google Scholar
• Mullins , W. R. and Burr , H. K. 1961 . Treatment of onions with gamma rays: effect of delay between harvest and irradiation . Food Technol. , 15 : 178
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mumtaz , A. , Farooqui , W. A. , Sattar , A. and Muhammad , A. 1970 . Inhibition of sprouting in onions by gamma radiation . Food Irradiat. , 10 (4) : 10
   Google Scholar
• Munzner , R. 1976 . Identification of irradiated onions . Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch. , 162 : 47
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nair , P. M. , Thomas , P. , Ussuf , K. K. , Surendranathan , K. K. , Limaye , S. P. , Srirangarajan , A. N. and Padwal‐Desai , S. R. 1973 . “ Studies on sprout inhibition of onions and potatoes and delayed ripening of bananas and mangoes by gamma irradiation ” . In Radiation Preservation of Food , 347 Vienna : International Atomic Energy Agency .
   Google Scholar
• Nandpuri , K. S. , Sooch , B. S. and Randhawa , K. S. 1969 . Effect of gamma irradiation on the storage life and quality of onion bulbs under ordinary storage conditions . J. Res. Punjab Agric. Univ. , 6 : 755
   Google Scholar
• Nishibori , S. and Namiki , K. 1982 . Free sugar content in onion bulbs of different cultivars and different production areas, and their changes by storage and gamma irradiation . J. Jpn. Soc. Food Sci. Technol. , 29 : 271
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nishimura , H. , Kawakishi , S. and Namiki , M. 1970 . Studies on γ‐radiolysis of sulfur containing amino acids. 1. γ‐radiolysis of S‐n‐propy 1‐L‐cysteine sulfoxide and S‐allyl‐L‐cysteine sulfoxide in aqueous solution . Agric. Biol. Chem. , 34 : 609
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nishimura , H. , Mizutani , J. and Obata , Y. 1971 . Changes in flavor components of onion by γ‐irradiation . Shokuhin Shosha , 6 : 100
   Google Scholar
• Nishimura , H. , Asahi , A. , Fujiwara , H. , Mizutani , J. and Obata , Y. 1971 . Changes in flavour components of onion by γ‐irradiation . Agric. Biol. Chem. , 35 : 1831
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nishimura , H. , Mizutani , J. and Obata , Y. 1971 . Studies of γ‐radiolysis of sulfur containing amino acids, II. Volatile products from S‐n‐propyl‐L‐cysteine sulfoxide and S‐allyl‐L‐cysteine sulfoxide irradiated in oxygen‐free aqueous solutions . Tetrahedron , 27 : 307
   Google Scholar
• Nishimura , H. and Mizutani , J. 1973 . Cis‐trans isomerization products from S‐(cis‐1‐propenyl)‐L‐cysteine and its sulfoxide irradiated in aqueous solutions . Agric. Biol. Chem. , 37 : 213
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nishimura , H. and Mizutani , J. 1973 . The S‐C cleavage of Cis‐S‐(l‐propenyl)L‐cysteine sulfoxide by OH radicals from irradiated aqueous solutions . Agric. Biol. Chem. , 37 : 1749
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nishimura , H. and Mizutani , J. 1975 . Photochemistry and radiation chemistry of sulfur‐containing amino acids. A new reaction of the 1‐propenyl thiyl radicals . J. Org. Chem. , 40 : 1567
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nishimura , H. and Mizutani , J. 1975 . Effect of gamma‐irradiation on sprout inhibition and development of lachrymator of onion . Food Irradiat. Jpn. , 10 : 49
   Google Scholar
• Nishimura , H. and Mizutani , J. 1975 . Effect of gamma irradiation on development of lachrymator of onion, Agric . Biol. Chem. , 39 : 2245
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nuttall , V. W. , Lyall , L. H. and McQueen , K. F. 1961 . Some effects of gamma irradiation on stored onions . Can. J. Plant Sci. , 41 : 805
   Google Scholar
• Obi Samuel , K. C. and Umezurike , G. M. 1981 . Pectic activities of bacteria associated with rotted onions . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , 42 : 585
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogata , K. , Iwata , K. and Chachin , K. 1959 . Effect of gamma irradiation on sprout prevention and its physiological mechanism in the potato tuber and onion bulb . Bull. Inst. Chem. Res. Kyoto Univ. , 37 : 425
   Google Scholar
• Ogata , K. and Chachin , K. 1972 . Irradiation of fruits and vegetables. Sprout inhibition and fruit ripening . Kagaku To Seibutsu , 10 : 234
   Google Scholar
• Ojima , S. , Hori , S. , Kawasaki , T. , Toratani , H. , Ujihara , A. , Fujimoto , H. , Mori , S. , Kitoh , S. and Seiki , J. 1963 . Gamma irradiation of onion bulbs to inhibit sprouting . Annu. Rep. Radiat. Center Osaka Prefect. , 4 : 112
   Google Scholar
• Padova , R. , Ross , I. and Kahan , R. S. 1969 . Storage experiments on irradiated onion , Res. Lab. Annu. Rept. IA‐1218 179 Israel Atomic Energy Commission .
   Google Scholar
• Park , N. P. , Choi , E. H. and Kim , Y. M. 1969 . Effect of gamma‐radiation on sprout inhibition of garlic bulbs and changes of their chemical contents . Hanguk Nonghwahakhoe Chi , 12 : 83
   Google Scholar
• Park , N. P. , Choi , E. H. and Byun , K. E. 1972 . Studies on the storage of onions by radiation . Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. , 4 : 84
   Google Scholar
• Pedeliski , A. V. 1973 . Extension of onion bulb dormancy by plant growth regulators and its importance in water permeability determinations . Hortscience , 8 : 416
   Google Scholar
• Penner , H. , Grunewald , Th. , Rumpf , G. and Gehse , M. 1972 . Suitability of irradiated potatoes and onions for industrial processing and storage , BFL‐Report 4/1972 Karlsruhe : Bundesforschungsanstalt fur Lebensmittelfris‐chhaltung .
   Google Scholar
• Priyadarshani , E. and Tulpule , P. G. 1976 . Aflatoxin production on irradiated foods . Food Cosmet. Toxicol. , 14 : 293
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rakitin , Y. V. and Krylov , A. V. 1957 . Physiological changes in plants with growth inhibition induced by gamma rays . Fiziol, Rastenii , 4 : 82
   Google Scholar
• Roushdy , H. M. , Shukry , K. and Mahmoud , A. A. 1973 . “ Lower radiation levels for better storageability of potatoes and onions using certain chemical treatments ” . In Radiation Preservation of Food , 105 Vienna : International Atomic Energy Agency .
   Google Scholar
• Roushdy , H. M. , Abd Elhafez , A. A. , Sharabash , M. T. M. and Mahmoud , A. A. 1978 . Effect of pre‐storage chemical and/or radiation treatments on the storageability of potatoes and onions . Food Irradiat. Newsletter , 2 (1) : 41
   Google Scholar
• Ryall , A. L. and Lipton , W. J. 1972 . Handling, Transportation and Storage of Fruits and Vegetables , Westport, Connecticut : AVI Publishing .
   Google Scholar
• Salems , A. 1974 . Effect of gamma radiation on the storage of onions used in the dehydration industry . J. Sci. Food Agric. , 25 : 257
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salkova , Z. , Kubin , K. , Stanek , M. and Horaceck , P. 1978 . “ Present status of food irradiation in Czechoslovakia ” . In Food Preservation by Irradiation , Vol. 1 , 43 Vienna : International Atomic Energy Agency .
   Google Scholar
• Sawyer , R. L. and Dallyn , S. L. 1959 . Vaporized chemical inhibitors and irradiation. Two new methods of sprout control for tuber and bulb crops . Proc. Am. Soc. Hon. Sci. , 73 : 398
   Google Scholar
• Sekhaval , A. , Zare , Z. , Kudava , M. G. , Chopra , K. L. and Shariat Panahi , J. M. 1978 . “ Preservation of potatoes and onions by irradiation and chemical treatments — a status report ” . In Food Preservation by Irradiation , Vol. 1 , 83 Vienna : International Atomic Energy Agency .
   Google Scholar
• Shalinova , R. T. and Vashchinskaya , L. F. Effect of ‐y‐radiation on the carbohydrate levels in onions . Mater. Nauch, Prakt, Konf. Ispolz loniz. Izluch Nar. Khoz . Edited by: Neustrov , P. G. pp. 73 Tula, , U.S.S.R. : Priokshoe Krizhnoe Izd. .
   Google Scholar
• Sharma , A. , Tewari , G. M. , Shrikhande , A. J. , Padwal‐Desai , S. R. and Bandyopadhyay , C. 1979 . Inhibition of aflatoxin producing fungi by onion extracts . J. Food Sci. , 44 : 1545
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shirokov , E. P. , Ushakova , M. I. and Padaltsyna , G. V. 1976 . Optimal composition of gas medium during storage of garlic . Dokl. TSKHA , 221 : 136
   Google Scholar
• Singson , C. C. , DeGuzman , Z. M. and Mendoza , E. B. 1978 . “ Use of gamma irradiation for the extended commercial storage of Philippine onions and other agricultural produce ” . In Food Preservation by Irradiation , Vol. 1 , 133 Vienna : International Atomic Energy Agency .
   Google Scholar
• Sinnadurai , S. and Amuti , S. K. 1971 . Dormancy of shallots in Ghana . Exp. Agric. , 7 : 17
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skou , J. P. 1971 . Studies on the effects of ionizing radiation for extending the storage lives of onions , Riso Report No. 238 Danish Atomic Energy Commission Research Establishment Riso .
   Google Scholar
• Solanas , J. and Darder , A. 1964 . Preservation of Venezuelan vegetables by irradiation . Food Irradiation , 5 (1 and 2) : A13
   Google Scholar
• Solanas , J. and Darder , A. 1963 . Preservation of vegetables in Venezuela by irradiation . Acra Cient. Venezolano , 14 : 94
   Google Scholar
• Solanas , J. and Darder , A. 1968 . “ Food irradiation programme in Venezuela ” . In Preservation of Fruits and Vegetables by Radiation , 13 Vienna : International Atomic Energy Agency .
   Google Scholar
• Sparrenburg , H. 1975 . “ Potato and onion irradiation in the Netherlands ” . In Requirements for the Irradiation of Food on a Commercial Scale , 185 Vienna : International Atomic Energy Agency .
   Google Scholar
• Srivastava , H. C. and Mathur , P. B. 1956 . “ Studies on the smoke‐curing of garlic ” . In Bull. Cent. Food Technol. Res. Inst. Vol. 5 , 286 Mysore
   Google Scholar
• Staden , O. L. 1966 . Koelen en bestralen van groenten en fruit . Conserva , 15 : 154
   Google Scholar
• Stow , J. R. 1975 . Effects of humidity on losses of bulb onions (Allium cepa) stored at high temperature . Expl. Agric. , 11 : 81
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stow , J. R. and Ward , C. M. 1978 . The effect of transfer from low to high temperatures on losses of stored bulb onions (Allium cepa) . Ann. Appl. Biol. , 88 : 193
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sudarsan , P. 1975 . “ Prospect of onion irradiation in India ” . In Requirement for the Irradiation of Food on a Commercial Scale , 89 Vienna : International Atomic Energy Agency .
   Google Scholar
• Tada , M. and Shiroishi , M. 1969 . The effect of gamma irradiation and storage on the content of sugar in the onion bulb . Okayama Daigaku Nogabuku Gakujutsu Hokoku , 53 : 71
   Google Scholar
• Tahvonen , R. 1981 . Storage fungi of onion and their control . J. Sci. Agric. Soc. Finland , 53 : 27
   Google Scholar
• Takano , H. , Tanaka , Y. , Umeda , K. and Sato , T. 1972 . Sprout inhibition of onion by ionizing radiation Part 2. Effect of radiation dose and storage condition on the sprout of variety “Senshuki”; . Shokuryo Kenkyusho Kenkyu Hokoku , 25 : 59
   Google Scholar
• Takano , H. , Umeda , K. and Sato , T. 1974 . Sprout inhibition of onions by ionizing radiation. III. Effect of irradiation dose level on the sprouting of onions var. “Sapporoki”; . Rep. Natl. Food Res. Inst. , 21 : 55
   Google Scholar
• Takano , H. , Umeda , K. , Aoki , S. and Sato , T. 1974 . Sprout inhibition of onions by ionizing radiation. IV. Effect of post‐harvest treatment on extension of irradiation time for storage of onions . J. Food Sci. Technol. Jpn. , 21 : 273
   Google Scholar
• Temkin‐Gorodeiski , N. , Kahan , R. S. and Padova , R. 1972 . Development of damage in the buds during storage of irradiated onions . Can. J. Plant Sci. , 32 : 817
   Google Scholar
• Thakur , R. N. , Singh , B. and Lai , S. B. 1962 . Occurrence of white rot disease in stored garlic, Sci. . and Cult. , 28 : 177
   Google Scholar
• Theivendirarajah , K. The Effect of gamma irradiation (60Co) on spices and red onions . FAO/IAEA Research Coordination Meeting on Asian Regional Project on Irradiation . Bangkok.
   Google Scholar
• Thomas , T. H. 1969 . The role of growth substances in the regulation of onion bulb dormancy . J. Exp. Bot. , 20 : 124
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas , T. H. 1981 . “ Hormonal changes during senescence, ripening and regrowth of stored vegetables ” . In Quality in Stored and Processed Vegetables and Fruit , Edited by: Goodenough , P. W. and Atkin , R. K. 253 New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Thomas, P., unpublished data.
   Google Scholar
• Thomas , P. , Srirangarajan , A. N. and Limaye , S. P. 1975 . Studies on sprout inhibition of onions by gamma irradiation I. Influence of time interval between harvest and irradiation, radiation dose and environmental conditions on sprouting . Radiat. Bot. , 15 : 215
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas, P., Padwal‐Desai, S. R., Srirangarajan, A. N., Joshi M. R., Bhonde, S. R., Qadri, H. M. S., unpublished data.
   Google Scholar
• Tiravet , K. and Chantharasakul , S. 1972 . “ Sprout inhibition of onions by gamma irradiation ” . In Report Office of Atomic Energy for Peace Bangkok THAI.AEC‐57
   Google Scholar
• Truelsen , T. A. 1960 . Irradiation of potatoes, onions, and carrots to inhibit sprouting , Riso Report 16 67 Danish Atomic Energy Commission Research Establishment Riso .
   Google Scholar
• Umeda , K. , Takano , H. and Sato , T. 1970 . Sprout inhibition of onions by ionizing radiation. Part 1. Effect of delay between harvest and irradiation on sprouting of var. Sapporoki and Senshuki . Shokuryo Kenkynjo Kenkyu Hokoku , 25 : 24
   Google Scholar
• Van Kooy , J. G. and Langerak , D. I. 1961 . Irradiation of onions . Food lrradiat , 2 (1) : A6
   Google Scholar
• Vidal , P. 1966 . “ Irradiation of fruit and vegetables in France ” . In Food Irradiation , 589 Vienna : International Atomic Energy Agency .
   Google Scholar
• Ward , C. M. 1976 . The influence of temperature on weight loss from stored onion bulbs due to desiccation, respiration and sprouting . Ann. Appl. Biol. , 83 : 149
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watanabe , T. and Tozaki , H. 1967 . The Co‐60 irradiation of garlic to prevent sprouting and its influence on allin‐lyase activities . Food lrradiat. , 2 : 106
   Google Scholar
• Whitaker , J. R. 1976 . Development of flavor, odor, and pungency in onion and garlic . Adv. Food Res. , 22 : 73
   Google Scholar
• Wittwer , S. H. , Sharma , R. C. , Weller , L. E. and Sell , H. M. 1950 . The effect of preharvest foliage sprays of certain growth regulators on sprout inhibition and storage quality of carrots and onions . Plant Physiol. , 25 : 539
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization . 1981 . Wholesomeness of Irradiated Food , Technical Report Series 659 Geneva : World Health Organization .
   Google Scholar
• Yamanashi , T. and Orioka , K. 1955 . Chemical studies on the flavor and taste of onions by boiling . J. Home Econ. , 6 : 45
   Google Scholar
• Zidan , E. A. 1967 . Extending the storage life of Egyptian onions by gamma irradiation . Alexandria J. Agric. Res. , 15 : 59
   Google Scholar
• Zonenschain , L. 1975 . “ Preparation for the introduction of food irradiation in Brazil ” . In Requirements for the Irradiation of Food on a Commercial Scale , 141 International Atomic Energy Agency .
   Google Scholar