Optimal energy management in grain drying

References

• Enlow , R. W. 1982 . Energy research for the farm , Agricultural Information Bull. 447, No. 447 Washington, D.C. : ARS/ U.S. Department of Agriculture .
   Google Scholar
• Verma , L. R. 1982 . Energy used in on‐farm rice drying , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 82–3010
   Google Scholar
• FEA . 1976 . Energy and U.S. Department of Agriculture: 1974 data base, Federal Energy Administration , Washington, D.C. : FEA/U.S. Department of Agriculture . FEA/D‐76/459
   Google Scholar
• Foster , G. H. and Peart , R. M. 1976 . Grain drying‐reflections and perspectives , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 76–3005
   Google Scholar
• Rimberg , D. 1974 . Utilization of Waste Heat from Power Plants , Park Ridge, N.J. : Noyes Data Corps .
   Google Scholar
• FIuck , R. C. and Baird , C. D. 1979 . Agricultural Energetics , 113 Westport, Conn. : AVI Publishing .
   Google Scholar
• Kreyger , J. 1972 . Drying and storing grains, seeds and pulses in temperate climates , Bull. No. 205 Wageningen, , The Netherlands : Institute for Storage and Processing of Agricultural Products .
   Google Scholar
• Vemuganti , V. R. and Pfost , H. B. 1980 . Physical properties related to drying of 20 food grains , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 80–3539
   Google Scholar
• Stroshine , R. , Emam , A. , Tuite , J. , Cantone , F. , Kirleis , A. , Bauman , L. and Okos , M. 1983 . Comparison of drying rates and quality parameters for selected corn inbreds/hybrids , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 81–3529
   Google Scholar
• Bakker‐Arkema , F. W. , Fontana , C. , Federva , G. L. and Schisler , I. P. 1983 . A comparison of drying rates of different grains , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 83–3009
   Google Scholar
• Fenton , F. C. 1941 . Storage of grain sorghums . Agric. Eng. , 22 : 185
   Google Scholar
• Brooker , D. B. , Bakker‐Arkema , F. W. and Hall , C. W. 1974 . Drying Cereal Grains , Westport, Conn. : AVI Publishing .
   Google Scholar
• Brooker , D. B. , McKenzie , B. A. and Johnson , H. K. 1978 . The present status of on‐farm grain drying , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 78–3007
   Google Scholar
• Hukill , W. V. 1947 . Basic principles in drying corn and grain sorghum . Agric. Eng. , 28 : 335
   Google Scholar
• Bakker‐Arkema , F. W. , Brook , R. C. and Lerew , L. E. 1978 . “ Cereal grain drying ” . In Advances in Cereal Science and Technology , Vol. 2 , 1 St. Paul, Minn. : American Association of Cereal Chemists .
   Google Scholar
• Morey , R. V. , Keener , H. M. , Thompson , T. L. , White , G. M. and Bakker‐Arkema , F. W. 1978 . The present status of grain drying simulation , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 78–3009
   Google Scholar
• Sharaf‐Eldeen , Y. I. , Hamdy , M. Y. and Blaisdell , J. L. 1979 . Falling rate drying of fully exposed biological materials: a review of mathematical models , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 79–6522
   Google Scholar
• Sharp , J. R. 1982 . A review of low temperature drying simulation models . J. Agric. Eng. Res. , 27 : 169
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luikov , A. V. 1966 . Heat and Mass Transfer in Capillary Porous Bodies , New York : Pergamon Press .
   Google Scholar
• Young , J. H. 1969 . Simultaneous heat and mass transfer in a porous hygroscopic solid . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 11 : 716
   Google Scholar
• Hamdy , M. Y. and Barre , J. H. 1969 . Evaluating film coefficient in single‐kernel drying . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 12 : 205
   Google Scholar
• Hussain , A. , Chen , C. S. , Clayton , J. T. and Whitney , L. F. 1972 . Mathematic simulation of mass and heat transfer in high moisture foods . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 15 : 732
   Google Scholar
• Young , J. H. and Whitaker , T. B. 1971 . Numerical analysis of vapor diffusion in a porous composite sphere with concentric shells . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 14 : 1501
   Google Scholar
• Lewis , W. K. 1921 . The rate of drying of solid materials . J. Ind. and Eng. Chem. , 13 : 427
   Google Scholar
• Thompson , T. L. 1967 . Predicted Performances and Optimal Design of Convection Grain Dryers , West Lafayette, Ind. : Purdue University . Ph.D. thesis
   Google Scholar
• O'Callaghan , J. R. , Menzies , D. J. and Bailey , P. H. 1971 . Digital simulation of agricultural dryer performance . J. Agric. Eng. Res. , 16 : 233
   Google Scholar
• Misra , M. K. and Brooker , D. B. 1979 . Thin‐layer drying and rewetting equations for shelled yellow corn , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 79–3041
   Google Scholar
• Wang , C. Y. and Singh , R. P. 1978 . A single layer drying equation for rough rice , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 78–3001
   Google Scholar
• Paulsen , M. R. and Thompson , T. L. 1973 . Drying analysis of grain sorghum . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 16 : 537
   Google Scholar
• White , G. M. , Bridges , T. C. , Loewer , O. J. and Ross , C. J. 1981 . Seed coat damage in thin‐layer drying of soybeans as affected by drying conditions . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 24 : 143
   Google Scholar
• Boyce , D. S. 1966 . Heat and moisture transfer in ventilated grain . J. Agric. Eng. Res. , 11 : 255
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henderson , J. M. and Henderson , S. M. 1968 . A computational procedure for deep bed drying analysis . J. Agric. Eng. Res. , 13 : 87
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson , T. L. , Peart , R. M. and Foster , G. H. 1968 . Mathematical simulation of corn drying — a new model . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 11 : 582
   Google Scholar
• Bloome , P. D. and Shove , G. C. 1971 . Near equilibrium simulation of shelled corn drying . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 14 : 709
   Google Scholar
• Thompson , T. L. 1972 . Temporary storage of high‐moisture shelled corn using continuous aeration . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 15 : 333
   Google Scholar
• Morey , R. V. , Cloud , H. A. , Gustafson , R. J. and Peterson , D. W. 1979 . Evaluation of the feasibility of solar energy grain drying . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 22 : 409
   Google Scholar
• Mittal , G. S. and Otten , L. 1980 . Simulation of low‐temperature drying of corn for Ontario conditions , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 80–3519
   Google Scholar
• Thompson , T. L. 1970 . Simulation for optimal grain‐dryer design . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 13 : 844
   Google Scholar
• Morey , R. V. and Peart , R. M. 1971 . Optimum horsepower and depth for a natural air corn drying system . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 14 : 930
   Google Scholar
• Stevens , G. R. and Thompson , T. L. 1976 . Improving crossflow grain dryer design using simulation . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 19 : 778
   Google Scholar
• Stewart , D. W. and Lievers , K. W. 1978 . A simulation model for the drying and rewetting process of wheat . Can. Agric. Eng. , 20 : 53
   Google Scholar
• Sharaf‐Eldeen , Y. I. , Hamdy , M. Y. and Blaisdell , J. L. 1979 . Mathematical simulation of drying fully‐exposed earcorn and its components , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 79–6523
   Google Scholar
• Bridges , T. C. , Ross , I. J. , White , G. M. and Loewer , O. J. Jr. 1980 . Determination of the optimum drying depth for batch‐in‐bin corn drying systems . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 23 : 228
   Google Scholar
• Chang , D. I. , Chung , D. S. and Hwang , L. L. 1982 . Nonlinear goal programming for optimizing rice drying and storage systems , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 82–5022
   Google Scholar
• Smith , E. A. 1982 . Simulation of grain drying when air‐flow is non‐parallel . J. Agric. Eng. Res. , 27 : 21
   Google Scholar
• Wimberly , J. M. and Sistler , F. E. 1982 . Computer selection of commercial‐scale rice drying components , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 82–3517
   Google Scholar
• Gunasekaran , S. and Shove , G. C. in press . Dynamic programming optimization of total airflow requirement for low temperature maize (corn) drying . J. Agric. Eng. Res. ,
   Google Scholar
• Bridges , T. C. , Loewer , D. J. , White , G. M. and Ross , I. J. 1984 . Determination of the optimum drying performance for continuous in‐bin shelled corn drying systems , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 84–3521
   Google Scholar
• Bruce , D. M. 1984 . Simulation of multiple‐bed concurrent‐, conter‐, and mixed‐flow grain dryers . J. Agric. Eng. Res. , 30 : 361
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller , P. C. H. and Whitefield , R. D. 1984 . The predicted performance of a mixed‐flow grain dryer . J. Agric. Eng. Res. , 30 : 373
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pierce , R. O. 1985 . Optimum conditions for natural air drying , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 85–3013
   Google Scholar
• Morey , R. V. and Peart , R. M. 1969 . Optimization of a natural air corn drying system , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 69–834
   Google Scholar
• Blome , P. D. and Shove , G. C. 1972 . Simulation of low temperature drying of corn leading to optimization . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 15 : 310
   Google Scholar
• Audsley , E. and Boyce , D. S. 1974 . A method of minimizing the costs of combine‐harvesting and high temperature grain drying . J. Agric. Eng. Res. , 19 : 173
   Google Scholar
• Bridges , T. C. , Loewer , J. Jr. and Overhults , D. G. 1979 . The influence of harvest rate and drying time on grain drying and storage facility selection . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 22 : 174
   Google Scholar
• Kabernic , G. H. and Muir , W. E. 1979 . Simulation of grain harvesting and drying systems in southeastern Manitoba . Can. Agric. Res. , 21 : 39
   Google Scholar
• Van Ee , G. R. and Kline , G. L. 1979 . Management strategies for corn production and low temperature drying , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 79–3032
   Google Scholar
• Loewer , O. J. Jr. , Bridges , T. C. , White , G. M. and Overhults , D. G. 1980 . The influence of harvesting strategies and economic constraints on the feasibility of farm grain drying and storage facilities . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 23 : 468
   Google Scholar
• Muir , W. E. , Lamond , W. J. , Ingram , G. W. and Bailey , P. H. 1983 . Optimum systems for harvesting with in‐bin drying in northern Britain . J. Agric. Eng. Res. , 28 : 359
   Google Scholar
• Holmes , B. J. , Klemme , R. M. and Lindholm , J. 1985 . Economic evaluation of corn drying systems in the upper midwest . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 28 : 907
   Google Scholar
• Hall , C. W. 1979 . Dictionary of Drying , New York : Marcel Dekker .
   Google Scholar
• Bridges , T. C. , White , G. M. and Loewer , O. J. Jr. 1984 . Batch‐in‐bin grain drying, AEN‐57 , Lexington : Cooperative Extension Service, University of Kentucky .
   Google Scholar
• Bridges , T. C. , Ross , I. J. , White , G. M. and Loewer , O. J. Jr. 1980 . Determination of the optimum drying depth for batch‐in‐bin corn drying systems . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 23 : 228
   Google Scholar
• Bridges , T. C. , Loewer , O. J. , White , G. M. and Ross , I. J. 1984 . Determination of the optimum drying performance for continuous in‐bin shelled corn drying systems , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 84–3521
   Google Scholar
• Thompson , T. L. , Foster , G. H. and Peart , R. M. 1969 . Comparison of concurrent‐flow, crossflow, and counterflow grain drying methods , Market Research Rep. No. 841 Washington, D.C. : U.S. Department of Agriculture .
   Google Scholar
• Bakker‐Arkema , F. W. 1984 . Selected aspects of crop processing and storage: a review . J. Agric. Eng. Res. , 30 : 1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawk , A. L. , Noyes , R. T. , Westelaken , C. M. , Foster , G. H. and Bakker‐Arkema , F. W. 1978 . The present status of commercial grain drying , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 78–3009
   Google Scholar
• Bakker‐Arkema , F. W. , Fontana , C. and Schisler , I. P. 1983 . Comparison of rice drying systems , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 83–3532
   Google Scholar
• Schroeder , M. E. and Peart , R. M. 1967 . Dynamic programming method of air allocation in a grain dryer . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 10 : 96
   Google Scholar
• Morey , R. V. , Cloud , H. A. and Lueschen , W. E. 1976 . Practices for the efficient utilization of energy for drying corn . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 19 : 151
   Google Scholar
• Pierce , R. O. and Thompson , T. L. 1975 . Energy utilization and efficiency of crossflow grain dryers , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 75–3020
   Google Scholar
• Young , J. H. and Dickens , J. W. 1975 . Evaluation of costs for drying grain in batch or crossflow systems . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 18 : 734
   Google Scholar
• Morey , R. V. , Cloud , H. A. and Lueschen , W. E. 1976 . Practices for efficient utilization of energy for drying corn . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 19 : 151
   Google Scholar
• Morey , R. V. and Cloud , H. V. 1973 . Simulation and evaluation of a multiple column crossflow grain dryer . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 16 : 984
   Google Scholar
• Bakker‐Arkema , F. W. , Patterson , R. J. and Lerew , L. E. 1971 . Multiple‐zone drying in stationary and moving bed dryers , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 71–302
   Google Scholar
• Paulsen , M. R. and Thompson , T. L. 1973 . Effects of reversing airflow in a crossflow grain dryer . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 16 : 541
   Google Scholar
• Sabbah , M. A. , Meyer , G. E. , Keener , H. M. and Roller , W. L. 1977 . Reversed‐air drying for fixed bed of soybean seed . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 20 : 562
   Google Scholar
• Gustafson , R. J. and Morey , R. V. 1981 . Moisture and quality variations across the column of a crossflow grain dryer . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 24 : 1621
   Google Scholar
• Converse , J. O. 1972 . A commercial crossflow‐counterflow grain dryer , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 72–828
   Google Scholar
• Lerew , L. E. , Bakker‐Arkema , F. W. and Brook , R. C. 1972 . Simulation of a commercial crossflow dryer: the Hart‐Carter model , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 72–829
   Google Scholar
• Meiering , A. G. and Hoefkes , H. J. 1977 . The determination of performance characteristics and energy use of grain dryers through computer simulation . Grundl. Landtech , 26 : 1
   Google Scholar
• Pierce , R. O. and Thompson , T. L. 1981 . Energy use and performance related to crossflow dryer design . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 24 : 216
   Google Scholar
• Bakker‐Arkema , F. W. , Rodriguez , J. C. , Schisler , I. P. and Westelaken , C. M. 1982 . A new commercial crossflow dryer with differential grain speed , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 82–3007
   Google Scholar
• Hall , G. E. and Anderson , R. J. 1980 . Batch internal recycling dryer (BIRD) , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 80–3515
   Google Scholar
• Brook , R. C. and Bakker‐Arkema , F. W. 1980 . Design of multi‐stage corn dryers using computer optimization . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 23 : 200
   Google Scholar
• Anderson , R. J. 1972 . Commercial countercurrentflow heating — counterflow cooling grain dryer — Anderson model , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 72–846
   Google Scholar
• Brook , R. C. and Bakker‐Arkema , F. W. 1977 . Design of commercial concurrentflow grain dryers , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 77–3017
   Google Scholar
• Muhlbauer , W. , Kuppinger , H. and Isaacs , G. W. 1978 . Design and operating conditions of single‐stage concurrentflow and two‐stage concurrent‐counterflow grain dryers . presented at the Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. Summer Meet . June 1978 , Logan, Utah.
   Google Scholar
• Bakker‐Arkema , F. W. , Rodriguez , J. C. , Brook , R. C. and Hall , G. E. 1981 . Grain quality and energy efficiency of commercial grain dryers , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 81–3019
   Google Scholar
• Brook , R. C. and Bakker‐Arkema , F. W. 1980 . “ Concurrent flow drying of food grains ” . In Drying ‘80 , Edited by: Mujumdar , A. S. Vol. 1 , Montreal : McGraw‐Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Gygax , R. A. , Diaz , A. and Bakker‐Arkema , F. W. 1974 . Comparison of commercial crossflow and concurrentflow dryers with respect to grain damage , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 74–3021
   Google Scholar
• Fontana , C. , Bakker‐Arkema , F. W. and Westelaken , C. M. 1982 . Concurrent flow vs. crossflow drying of long grain rice , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 82–359
   Google Scholar
• Baker , K. D. , Foster , G. H. and Tuite , J. 1981 . Continuous counterflow bin drying with in‐storage cooling , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 81–3021
   Google Scholar
• Foster , G. H. 1964 . Dryeration — a corn drying process , Bull. No. 583 Washington, D.C. : U.S. Department of Agriculture Marketing Service .
   Google Scholar
• Morrison , D. W. Energy management in grain drying . Grain Drying and Energy Management Workshops . Urbana : University of Illinois .
   Google Scholar
• Foster , G. H. 1967 . Moisture changes during aeration of grain . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 10 : 344
   Google Scholar
• Peterson , W. H. 1979 . Efficient crop drying , Brookings : FS 701 South Dakota Cooperative Extension Information, U.S. Department of Agriculture, South Dakota State University .
   Google Scholar
• McKenzie , B. A. , Foster , G. H. , Noyer , R. T. and Thompson , R. A. 1967 . Dryeration — better corn quality with high speed drying , West Lafayette, Ind. : AE72, Cooperative Extension Service, Purdue University .
   Google Scholar
• Cloud , H. A. and Morey , R. V. 1980 . Dryeration and in‐storage cooling for corn drying , St. Paul : Publication M‐162, Agricultural Extension Service, University of Minnesota .
   Google Scholar
• Chandra , P. , Thompson , J. F. , Rumsey , T. R. and Singh , R. P. 1981 . Potential of air recycling in an industrial crossflow rice dryer , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 81–6514
   Google Scholar
• Sokhansanj , S. , Sosulski , F. W. , Moysey , F. B. and Vors , U. 1981 . Drying performance and grain quality in a recirculating grain dryer , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 81–6516
   Google Scholar
• Bakker‐Arkema , F. W. , Sokhansanj , S. and Roth , M. G. 1974 . Energy requirements for a two‐stage recirculating counterflow grain dryer , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 74–3005
   Google Scholar
• Cook , D. F. , Cundiff , J. S. and Vaughn , D. H. 1982 . Energy savings from air recirculation in peanut curing , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 82–3574
   Google Scholar
• Young , J. H. 1983 . Energy conservation by partial recirculation of peanut drying air , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 83–3048
   Google Scholar
• Rodda , E. D. 1979 . Energy efficiency in dehumidified grain drying , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 79–3530
   Google Scholar
• Lai , F. S. and Foster , G. H. 1977 . Improvement in grain‐dryer fuel efficiency through heat recovery . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 20 : 579
   Google Scholar
• Sokhansanj , S. and Bakker‐Arkema , F. W. 1981 . Waste heat recovery in grain dryers . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 24 : 1317
   Google Scholar
• Oxley , T. A. 1948 . The movement of heat and water in stored grain . Cereal Chem. , 6 : 84
   Google Scholar
• Thompson , R. A. and Foster , G. H. 1963 . Stress cracks and breakage in artificially dried corn , Marketing Research Bull. No. 631 Washington, D.C. : TFRD, AMS, U.S. Department of Agriculture .
   Google Scholar
• Woodforde , J. and Lawton , P. J. L. 1965 . The drying of seeds . J. Agric. Eng. Res. , 10 : 283
   Google Scholar
• Sabbath , M. A. , Foster , G. H. , Haugh , C. G. and Peart , R. M. 1973 . Effect of tempering after drying on cooling shelled corn . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 15 : 763
   Google Scholar
• Steffe , J. F. , Singh , R. P. and Bakshi , A. S. 1979 . Influence of tempering times and cooling on rice milling yield . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 22 : 1214
   Google Scholar
• Harnoy , A. and Radajewski , W. 1982 . Optimization of grain drying — with rest periods . J. Agric. Eng. Res. , 27 : 291
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Troeger , J. M. and Butler , J. L. 1980 . Drying peanuts with intermittent airflow . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 23 : 197
   Google Scholar
• Smith , E. A. 1984 . Minimum energy to dry barley without mold growth in near ambient dryers . J. Agric. Eng. Res. , 30 : 289
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muhlbauer , W. , Stahl , T. and Hofacker , W. 1982 . Comparison of low‐temperature wheat drying management procedures , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 82–3006
   Google Scholar
• 1980 . Low temperature and solar grain drying handbook , Ames : Midwest Plan Service, Iowa State University . MWPS‐22
   Google Scholar
• Shove , O. C. 1981 . No or low heat corn drying , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 81–3018
   Google Scholar
• Harner , J. P. , Baker , J. L. , Vaughan , D. H. , Lambert , A. J. and Steele , J. L. 1981 . High airflow thin layer drying , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 81–3548
   Google Scholar
• Bunn , J. M. , Lea , W. R. Jr. and Hammond , G. 1981 . Potential for ambient air drying in South Carolina . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 24 : 227
   Google Scholar
• Van Ee , G. R. and Kline , G. L. 1979 . Management strategies for corn production and low‐temperature drying , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 79–3032
   Google Scholar
• Foster , G. H. 1953 . Minimum airflow requirements for drying grain with unheated air . Agric. Eng. , 34 : 681
   Google Scholar
• Bartsch , J. A. and Finner , M. F. 1976 . A low‐temperature grain drying experiment in an artificially reproduced environment . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 19 : 373
   Google Scholar
• Shove , G. C. 1976 . Efficient energy management with low temperature grain drying , Energy Manage. Series 10M Columbia, Mo. : Farm Electrification Council .
   Google Scholar
• Pierce , R. O. and Thompson , T. L. 1979 . Solar grain drying in the North Central region — simulation results . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 22 : 178
   Google Scholar
• Morey , R. V. , Cloud , H. A. , Gustafson , R. J. and Peterson , D. W. 1979 . Management of ambient air drying systems . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 22 : 1418
   Google Scholar
• Fraser , B. M. and Muir , W. E. 1980 . Energy consumption predicted for drying grain with ambient and solar heated air in Canada . J. Agric. Eng. Res. , 25 : 325
   Google Scholar
• Morey , R. V. and Peart , R. M. 1971 . Optimum horsepower and depth for a natural air corn drying system . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 14 : 930
   Google Scholar
• Colliver , D. G. , Peart , R. M. , Brook , R. C. and Barrett , J. R. 1983 . Energy usage for low temperature grain drying with optimized management . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 26 : 594
   Google Scholar
• 1968 . Guidelines for mold control in high‐moisture corn , Washington, D.C. : U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Government Printing Office .
   Google Scholar
• Christensen , C. M. 1972 . “ Microflora and seed deterioration ” . In Viability of Seeds , Edited by: Roberts , E. H. 59 London : Chapman and Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Ross , I. J. , Loewer , O. J. and White , G. M. 1979 . Potential for aflatoxin development in low temperature drying systems . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 22 : 1439
   Google Scholar
• Saul , R. A. and Lind , E. F. 1958 . Maximum time for drying grain with unheated air . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 1 : 29
   Google Scholar
• Steele , J. L. , Saul , R. A. and Hukill , W. V. 1969 . Deterioration of shelled corn as measured by carbon dioxide production . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 12 : 685
   Google Scholar
• Saul , R. A. 1970 . Deterioration rate of moist shelled corn at low temperature , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 70–302
   Google Scholar
• Lund , A. , Pederson , H. and Sigsgaard , P. 1971 . Storage experiments with barley at different moisture contents . J. Sci. Food Agric , 22 : 458
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bridges , T. C. , Loewer , O. J. and White , G. M. 1984 . Layer drying of stored grain, AEN‐56 , Lexington : Cooperative Extension Service, University of Kentucky .
   Google Scholar
• Barre , H. J. and Hamdy , M. Y. 1974 . Optimal filling rate for in‐storage drying . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 17 : 705
   Google Scholar
• Bridges , T. C. , White , G. M. , Ross , I. J. and Loewer , O. J. Jr. 1982 . A computer aid for management of on‐farm layer drying systems . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 25 : 811
   Google Scholar
• Pierce , R. O. and Thompson , T. L. 1982 . Drying scheduling — a procedure for layer filling low‐temperature corn drying systems . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 25 : 469
   Google Scholar
• Shove , G. C. 1968 . Application of dehydrofrigedation to shelled corn conditioning . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 11 : 312
   Google Scholar
• Roudda , E. D. Humidity controlled drying . Grain Conditioning Conf . Urbana : University of Illinois .
   Google Scholar
• Wilson , D. M. , Huang , L. H. and Jay , E. 1975 . Survival of Aspergillus flavus Fusarium moniliforme in high‐moisture corn stored under modified atmospheres . Appl. Microbiol. , 30 : 592
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bothast , R. J. , Lancaster , E. B. and Hesseltine , C. W. 1973 . Ammonia kills spoilage molds in corn . J. Dairy Sci. , 56 : 241
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nofsinger , G. W. , Bothast , R. J. , Lancaster , E. B. and Bagley , E. B. 1977 . Ammonia‐supplemented ambient temperature drying of high‐moisture corn . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 20 : 1151
   Google Scholar
• Eckhoff , S. R. , VanCauwenberge , J. E. , Bothast , R. J. , Nofsinger , G. W. and Bagley , E. B. 1980 . Sulfur dioxide‐supplemented ambient air drying of high‐moisture corn . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 23 : 1028
   Google Scholar
• Eckhoff , S. R. , Tuite , J. , Foster , G. H. , Okos , M. R. and Anderson , R. A. 1982 . Sulfur dioxide as a mycocidal adjunct for low temperature grain drying , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 82–3516
   Google Scholar
• Eckhoff , S. R. , Tuite , J. , Foster , G. H. , Kirleis , A. W. and Okos , M. R. 1982 . Microbial growth inhibition during drying using SO2 or SO2 and NH3 , AES paper No. 9120 West Lafayette, Ind. : Purdue University .
   Google Scholar
• Nofsinger , G. W. , Bothast , R. J. and Anderson , R. A. 1979 . Field trials using extenders for ambient‐conditioning high‐moisture corn . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 22 : 1208
   Google Scholar
• Sims , M. S. , Foster , G. H. , Hodges , T. O. and Sauer , D. B. 1979 . Performance of equipment for applying chemical preservatives to corn . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 22 : 1467
   Google Scholar
• VanCauwenberge , J. E. , Eckhoff , S. R. , Bothast , R. J. and Anderson , R. A. 1982 . A comparison of the trickle‐ammonia process with the trickle sulfur‐dioxide process for drying high‐moisture corn . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 25 : 1431
   Google Scholar
• Miller , D. L. Trickle ammonia process‐preservation of corn while drying with ambient air . Proc. Grain Conditioning Conf. Edited by: Shove , G. C. Urbana : University of Illinois .
   Google Scholar
• Bern , C. J. Stir drying . Proc. Grain Conditioning Conf. Edited by: Shove , G. C. Urbana : University of Illinois .
   Google Scholar
• Bern , C. J. , Anderson , M. E. , Wilcke , W. F. and Hurburgh , C. R. 1982 . Auger‐stirring wet and dry corn — airflow resistance and bulk density effects . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 25 : 217
   Google Scholar
• Bridges , T. C. , Colliver , D. G. , White , G. M. and Loewer , O. J. 1983 . A user‐oriented stir drying model , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 83–3510
   Google Scholar
• Williams , E. E. , Fortes , M. , Colliver , D. G. and Okos , M. R. 1978 . Simulation of stirred bin low temperature corn drying , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 78–3012
   Google Scholar
• Wilcke , W. F. and Burn , C. J. 1984 . Natural‐air corn drying with stirring. I. Effects of stirring , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 84–3519
   Google Scholar
• Pierce , R. O. and Thompson , T. L. 1980 . Management of solar and low‐temperature grain drying systems. II. Layer drying and solution to the overdrying problem . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 23 : 1024
   Google Scholar
• Bern , C. J. and Charity , L. F. 1978 . Disturbance effects of auger‐stirring corn . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 21 : 371
   Google Scholar
• Loewer , O. J. , Bridges , T. C. , Colliver , D. G. and White , G. M. 1983 . Economics of stirring devices in grain drying , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 83–3014
   Google Scholar
• Shove , G. C. 1978 . Corn drying with low temperature, high temperature combination system , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. NA78–305
   Google Scholar
• Muller , R. E. , Peart , R. M. , Okos , M. R. and Foster , G. H. 1980 . Analysis of combination corn drying systems , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 80–3018
   Google Scholar
• Muhlbauer , W. , Kuppinger , H. , Muller , H. M. and Thaler , M. 1981 . High‐low temperature drying of corn , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 81–3012
   Google Scholar
• Kalchik , S. J. , Silva , J. S. , Mwaura , E. N. , Rodriguez , J. C. and Bakker‐Arkema , F. W. 1981 . On‐farm corn drying comparison , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 81–3011
   Google Scholar
• Gustafson , R. J. , Morey , R. V. , Christensen , C. M. and Meronuck , R. A. 1978 . Quality changes during high‐low temperature drying . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 21 : 162
   Google Scholar
• Morey , R. V. , Gustafson , R. J. and Cloud , H. A. 1981 . Combination high‐temperature ambient‐air drying . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 24 : 509
   Google Scholar
• Shove , G. C. and White , G. D. 1977 . Quality evaluation of corn dried with high and low temperature , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 77–3018
   Google Scholar
• Gunasekaran , S. and Paulsen , M. R. 1985 . Breakage resistance of corn as a function of drying rates . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 28 : 2071
   Google Scholar
• Gustafson , R. J. and Morey , R. V. 1979 . Study of factors affecting quality changes during high‐temperature drying . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 22 : 926
   Google Scholar
• Morey , R. V. , Gustafson , R. J. , Cloud , H. A. and Walter , K. L. 1978 . Energy requirements for high‐low temperature drying . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 21 : 562
   Google Scholar
• Cloud , H. A. , Morey , R. V. , Gustafson , R. J. and Walter , K. L. A combination high‐temperature, low‐temperature corn drying system . Proc. Grain Conditioning Conf. Urbana : University of Illinois .
   Google Scholar
• Foster , G. H. , Baker , K. D. , Barrett , J. R. and Tuite , J. 1982 . Combination drying with renewable energy , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 82–3522
   Google Scholar
• Morey , R. V. 1980 . Saving energy in corn drying, M‐161 , St. Paul : Agricultural Extension Service, University of Minnesota .
   Google Scholar
• Kenyon , D. E. and Shove , G. C. 1969 . Cyclic drying with hot and cold air , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 69–333
   Google Scholar
• Browning , C. W. , Brooker , D. B. , George , R. M. and Browning , C. E. 1971 . Batch‐in‐bin drying by alternating heated and unheated air . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 14 : 193
   Google Scholar
• Shove , G. C. 1973 . Temperature cycling enhances deep bed drying , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 73–325
   Google Scholar
• Allison , J. M. , McLendon , B. D. and Rice , C. E. 1979 . Intermittant, off peak, low temperature drying of corn , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 79–3029
   Google Scholar
• Smith , E. A. and Bailey , P. H. 1983 . Simulation of near‐ambient grain drying. II. Control strategies for drying barley in Northern Britain . J. Agric. Eng. Res. , 28 : 301
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharp , J. R. 1984 . The design and management of low temperature grain drier in England — a simulation study . J. Agric. Eng. Res. , 29 : 123
   Google Scholar
• Braud , H. J. Earth‐coupled heat pumps for residential heat/cool and hot water . 7th Heat Pump Technol. Conf. Stillwater : Oklahoma State University .
   Google Scholar
• Klimkowski , H. , Braud , H. J. and Baker , F. E. 1985 . Performance of a horizontal earth heat exchanger with a water‐source heat pump , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 85–4054
   Google Scholar
• Smilie , J. L. , Baker , G. , Braud , H. J. and Dooley , S. 1985 . An economic comparison of the earth‐coupled water source heat pump with other methods of heating and cooling , Baton Rouge : Louisiana Cooperative Extension Service, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center .
   Google Scholar
• Davis , C. P. Jr. 1949 . A Study of the Adaptability of the Heat Pump to Drying Shelled Corn , West Lafayette, Ind. : Purdue University . M.Sc. thesis
   Google Scholar
• Shove , G. C. 1953 . A Laboratory Investigation of the Adaptability of the Heat Pump to Batch Drying of Shelled Corn , Manhattan : Kansas State College of Agriculture and Applied Science . M.S. thesis
   Google Scholar
• Flikke , A. M. , Cloud , H. A. and Hustrulid , A. 1957 . Grain drying by heat pump . Agric. Eng. , 38 : 592
   Google Scholar
• Braud , H. J. 1982 . Residential heat pump water heaters , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. SW‐82–303
   Google Scholar
• Wilson , G. Heat pumps for grain drying . Proc. Grain Conditioning Conf. Urbana : University of Illinois .
   Google Scholar
• Hogan , M. R. , Muller , R. E. Jr. , Foster , G. H. and Ayers , D. L. 1979 . Development and testing of a heat pump grain dryer , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 79–3527
   Google Scholar
• Cunney , M. B. , Williams , P. A. and Marley , S. J. 1983 . An engine‐driven heat pump for grain conditioning , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 83–3011
   Google Scholar
• Curis , O. and Laine , J. D. Gas motors driving heat pumps in the malting industry . Proc. Int. Symp. Ind. Appl. of Heat Pumps . U.K. : British Hydrodynamics Research Association .
   Google Scholar
• Laroche , M. and Solignac , M. 1976 . Heat pump application to drying in agricultural and industrial fields . Rev. Gen. Therm. , : 177
   Google Scholar
• Buelow , F. H. and Boyd , J. S. 1957 . Heating air by solar energy . Agric. Eng. , 38 : 28
   Google Scholar
• Buelow , F. H. 1958 . Drying grain with solar heated air . Mich. State Univ. Agric. Exp. Stn. Q. Bull. , 41 : 421
   Google Scholar
• Lipper , R. I. and Davis , C. P. 1960 . Drying crops with solar energy . Agric. Res. , 8 : 14
   Google Scholar
• Kranzler , G. A. , Bern , C. J. and Kline , G. L. 1975 . Grain drying with supplemental solar heat , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 75–3001
   Google Scholar
• Calderwood , D. L. 1981 . Solar assisted rice drying in a continuous‐flow dryer , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 81–3549
   Google Scholar
• Morrison , D. W. and Shove , G. C. 1977 . Solar energy — heat pump low temperature grain drying , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 77–3546
   Google Scholar
• Foster , G. H. and Peart , R. M. 1976 . Solar grain drying progress and potential , Agricultural Information Bull. No. 401 Washington, D.C. : U.S. Department of Agriculture .
   Google Scholar
• Stone , R. P. and Currelly , J. C. 1979 . Experiences with a solar‐assisted low‐temperature grain dryer , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 79–3020
   Google Scholar
• Meyer , G. E. , Keener , H. M. and Roller , W. L. 1975 . Solar heated air drying of soybean seed and shelled corn , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 75–3003
   Google Scholar
• Morey , R. V. , Cloud , H. V. and Nelson , W. W. 1975 . Field evaluation of a solar energy grain drying system , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 75–3515
   Google Scholar
• Williams , E. E. , Okos , M. R. , Peart , R. M. and Badenhop , A. F. 1976 . Solar grain drying and collector evaluation , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 76–3512
   Google Scholar
• McLendon , B. D. and Allison , J. M. 1978 . Solar energy utilization in alternate grain drying systems in the southeast , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 78–3013
   Google Scholar
• Excell , R. H. B. , Kornsakov , S. and Thiratrakoolchai , S. 1979 . A low cost solar rice dryer for farmers in southeast Asia . Agric. Mech. Asia , 5 : 75
   Google Scholar
• Wieneke , F. Solar‐aeration drying of some tropical products . Proc. Int. Conf. Rural Dev. Technol: An Integrated Approach . Edited by: Singh , G. and DeGoed , J. J. pp. 277 Bangkok, , Thailand : Asian Institute of Technology .
   Google Scholar
• Jindal , V. K. and Gunasekaran , S. 1982 . Estimating airflow and drying rate due to natural convection in solar rice dryers . Renewable Energy Rev. J. , 4 : 1
   Google Scholar
• Stasa , F. L. and Singh , K. D. Computer program development for the design and analysis of thermosiphon and forced‐flow solar domestic hot water systems . presented at the Am. Soc. Mech. Eng. Solar Energy Div. 4th Annu. Conf. Albuquerque, N.M.
   Google Scholar
• Rumsey , T. , Coffelt , J. and Dobie , J. 1979 . Performance and analysis of a concentrating collector for heating air , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 79–4052
   Google Scholar
• Abernathy , G. H. , Fenton , D. L. and Krivokapich , G. 1980 . Solar collector design — high temperature , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 80–4036
   Google Scholar
• Hellickson , M. A. and Christianson , L. L. 1981 . Multi‐use solar energy intensifier‐thermal energy storage system performance , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 81–4555
   Google Scholar
• Polak , R. M. , Christianson , L. L. and Hellickson , M. A. 1981 . Grain drying with a solar energy intensifier — simulation and validation , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 81–3517
   Google Scholar
• Duffie , J. A. and Beckman , W. A. 1974 . Solar energy thermal process , 197 New York : John Wiley & Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Parker , B. F. 1980 . Design equations for solar air heaters . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 23 : 1494
   Google Scholar
• Parker , B. F. , Bridges , T. C. , Walton , L. R. and Colliver , D. G. 1982 . Design equations for particle bed heat storages , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 82–2100
   Google Scholar
• Gunasekaran , S. , Jindal , V. K. and Shove , G. C. 1983 . Resistance to airflow of paddy (rough rice) in shallow depths . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 26 : 601
   Google Scholar
• Milburn , W. F. and Aldrich , R. A. 1979 . Performance parameters of flat plate air heating solar collectors , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 79–4049
   Google Scholar
• Hall , F. and Esmay , M. 1981 . Simulation of flate plate air heating solar collector , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 81–4032
   Google Scholar
• Colliver , D. G. , Brook , R. C. and Peart , R. M. 1978 . Optimal management procedures for solar grain drying , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 78–3512
   Google Scholar
• Harrel , R. C. , Allison , J. M. and McLendon , B. D. 1979 . Microprocessor‐based control system for solar assisted grain drying , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 79–5524
   Google Scholar
• Ting , K. C. and Shove , G. C. 1980 . Sizing solar collectors on the basis of daily efficiency evaluation , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 80–3543
   Google Scholar
• Esmay , M. , Gardijito , Hall , F. and Haney , R. 1979 . Air solar collector efficiency evaluation , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 79–4550
   Google Scholar
• Thomas , W. C. and Vaughan , D. H. 1981 . The effect of environmental and operating conditions on the thermal performance of flat‐plate solar collectors . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 24 : 1342
   Google Scholar
• Converse , H. H. , Foster , G. H. and Sauer , D. B. 1978 . Low temperature grain drying with solar heat . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 21 : 170
   Google Scholar
• Calderwood , D. L. 1979 . Rice drying with solar heat . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 22 : 1435
   Google Scholar
• Pierce , R. O. and Thompson , T. L. 1979 . Solar grain drying in the north central region — simulation results . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 22 : 178
   Google Scholar
• Kranzler , G. A. , Bern , C. J. , Kline , G. L. and Anderson , M. E. 1980 . Grain drying with supplemental solar heat . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 23 : 214
   Google Scholar
• Loewer , O. J. , White , G. M. and Parker , B. F. 1981 . Economics of high‐temperature solar grain drying . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 24 : 221
   Google Scholar
• Chau , K. V. 1982 . Solar grain drying: potential and problems . Proc. Int. Symp. Recent Advances in Food Sci. and Technol. 1982 , Taipei, Taiwan.
   Google Scholar
• Mannix , J. G. , Flood , C. A. , Koon , J. L. and Brewer , R. N. 1980 . Design and analysis of a rock storage solar collector , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 80–4512
   Google Scholar
• Brinsfield , R. B. and Felton , K. E. 1979 . Performance of a solar air collector under varying conditions , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 79–4549
   Google Scholar
• Reddell , D. L. and Ebeling , L. L. 1981 . Groundwater aquifer thermal energy storage , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 81–4557
   Google Scholar
• Aldis , D. F. , Burroughs , R. and Hughes , J. W. 1980 . Evaluation of solar regeneration of silica gel and its use in grain drying . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 23 : 1557
   Google Scholar
• Morrison , D. W. and Shove , G. C. 1975 . Bare plate solar collector grain drying bin , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 75–3513
   Google Scholar
• Harrison , R. E. and Allen , W. H. 1980 . A solar supplemental heat pump corn dryer , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 80–3023
   Google Scholar
• Foster , G. H. , Peart , R. M. and Baker , K. D. 1981 . Drying grain with heat from solar energy and crop residue . Agric. Energ. , 1 : 137
   Google Scholar
• Kline , G. L. 1981 . Solar collectors for multiple‐use application on farms . Abstr. Agric. Energy , 1 : 149
   Google Scholar
• Shove , G. C. 1981 . Utilization of solar buildings for drying grain . Proc. of ASES/ISES Annu. Meet., 4.1 . 1981 , Philadelphia, Pa.. pp. 103
   Google Scholar
• Hamilton , L. D. and Shove , G. C. 1984 . Computer simulation of agricultural solar collector systems , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 84–4052
   Google Scholar
• Loewer , O. J. , Ross , I. J. , Payne , F. , Black , R. and Brook , R. C. 1982 . Feasibility of gasification for drying as related to energy availability in corn biomass . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 25 : 1768
   Google Scholar
• Kranzler , G. A. 1981 . Solar hop drying . Agric. Energy , 1 : 50
   Google Scholar
• Payne , F. 1978 . Potential of biomass conversion processes for grain drying in Kentucky, AEES‐4 , Lexington : Cooperative Extension Publication, Department of Energy, University of Kentucky .
   Google Scholar
• Kranzler , G. A. 1982 . Hop drying and greenhouse heating with solar and biomass energy , Pullman : Washington State University . Prog. Rep., USDA/SEA Coop. Agreement No. 70–59–2531–1–6–032–1
   Google Scholar
• Barrett , J. R. , Jacko , R. B. and Summer , H. R. 1981 . Particulate emissions from biomass furnaces. II. Characterizations , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 81–3562
   Google Scholar
• Payne , F. A. , Ross , I. J. and Walker , J. N. 1979 . Forced fed biomass gasification combustion for drying grain , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 79–4546
   Google Scholar
• Mwarua , E. N. , Guillaumon , M. H. , Van Ee , G. R. , Bakker‐Arkema , F. W. and Kalchik , S. J. 1982 . Corn drying with biomass energy , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. .82–3520
   Google Scholar
• Brook , R. C. 1985 . Corn drying using crop residues , Extension Bull. E‐1816 East Lansing : Cooperative Extension Service, Michigan State University .
   Google Scholar
• Payne , F. and Chandra , P. K. 1985 . Predicting ash particulate emission from updraft biomass gasifiercombustors , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . Paper No. 85–3080
   Google Scholar
• Sterling , T. D. and Pollack , S. V. 1972 . The incidence of lung cancer in the U.S. since 1955 in relation to the etiology of the disease . Am. J. Public Health , 62 : 152
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hutt , W. , Meiering , W. and Winkler , E. 1978 . Grain contamination in drying with direct heating . Can. Agric. Eng. , 20 : 103
   Google Scholar
• Anderson , M. E. , Bern , C. J. and Baker , J. L. 1983 . Corn drying with biomass combustion products , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 83–3005
   Google Scholar
• Sizemore , S. W. , Loewer , O. J. , Taraba , J. L. , Ross , I. J. and White , G. M. 1983 . Retention of gasification‐combustion products by corn , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 83–3006
   Google Scholar
• Zink , H. R. , Bozdecb , S. L. and Popp , J. C. 1982 . Seed corn drying with cob gasification , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 82–3607
   Google Scholar
• Loewer , O. J. , McNeil , S. , Ross , I. J. and Matar , R. J. 1984 . The feasibility of using crop residue to dry corn , Lexington : University of Kentucky . Spec. Rep. 2–84
   Google Scholar
• Wafler , P. D. and Warnock , W. K. 1982 . A microprocessor controlled crossflow grain dryer test unit , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 82–3009
   Google Scholar
• Agness , J. B. and Isaacs , G. W. 1967 . Grain‐drier control based on exhaust temperature sensing . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 10 : 110
   Google Scholar
• Holtman , J. B. and Zachariah , G. L. 1969 . Computer control for grain dryers . Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. , 12 : 433
   Google Scholar
• Hinkle , C. N. 1980 . 8‐Bits for grain dryer (a demonstration program) , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 80–5021
   Google Scholar
• Stone , M. L. and Kranzler , G. A. 1981 . A microprocessor controlled thin‐layer dryer , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 81–5028
   Google Scholar
• Schisler , I. P. , Bakker‐Arkema , F. W. and Brook , R. C. 1982 . Control of concurrentflow grain dryers , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 82–3513
   Google Scholar
• Borsum , J. C. , Bakker‐Arkema , F. W. and Brook , R. C. 1982 . Microcomputer control of continuous flow dryers , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 82–6006
   Google Scholar
• Nybrant , T. G. and Regner , P. J. S. 1985 . Adaptive control of continuous grain dryers , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 85–3011
   Google Scholar
• Smith , P. A. and Sistler , F. E. 1983 . A grain dryer monitor/controller , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 83–3031
   Google Scholar
• Kranzler , G. A. 1976 . “ A Digital Electronic Control System for Low Temperature Drying of Shelled Corn ” . Ames : Iowa State University . Ph.D. thesis
   Google Scholar
• Mittal , G. S. and Otten , L. 1983 . Microprocessor controlled low‐temperature corn drying systems . Agric. Syst. , 10 : 1
   Google Scholar
• Peart , R. M. , Li , Y. C. and Barrett , J. R. 1985 . Simulation of a computerized grain drying decision support system , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 85–3014
   Google Scholar
• Simonton , H. R. , Allison , J. M. and McLendon , B. D. 1981 . A microprocessor‐based grain drying control system , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . Paper No. 81–5027
   Google Scholar
• Bowers , C. G. , Huang , B. K. and Nassar , A. H. 1978 . Solar energy drying and process control with microcomputer , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 78–3537
   Google Scholar
• Wilcke , W. F. , Kranzler , G. A. , Bern , C. J. and Anderson , M. E. 1979 . Digital electronic control system for a low‐temperature corn dryer , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 79–3027
   Google Scholar
• McLendon , B. D. and Allison , J. M. 1981 . Microprocessor‐based controls for grain drying — system characteristics and experimental results , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 81–1609
   Google Scholar
• Byler , R. K. , McDonnell , J. and Brook , R. C. 1982 . Microprocessor monitoring of in‐bin solar grain dryers , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 82–3014
   Google Scholar
• Aurand , J. F. , Anderson , M. E. and Bern , C. J. 1983 . Microprocessor‐based data acquisition system for an experimental biomass‐field corn dryer , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 83–3032
   Google Scholar
• Dunlap , J. L. and Payne , F. A. 1984 . Microcomputer control of two‐stage biomass conversion , St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers . paper No. 84–3597
   Google Scholar
• Keener , H. M. 1977 . Energy management in corn drying . Ohio Farmer , 260 : 12
   Google Scholar