Biofilm formation by staphylococci in health-related environments and recent reports on their control using natural compounds

References

• Akyıldız İ, Take G, Uygur K, Kızıl Y, Aydil U. 2013. Bacterial biofilm formation in the middle-ear mucosa of chronic otitis media patients. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 65:557–561.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al Wohoush I, Rivera J, Cairo J, Hachem R, Raad I. 2011. Comparing clinical and microbiological methods for the diagnosis of true bacteraemia among patients with multiple blood cultures positive for coagulase‐negative staphylococci. Clin Microbiol Infect. 17:569–571.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arciola CR, Campoccia D, Gamberini S, Rizzi S, Donati ME, Baldassarri L, Montanaro L. 2004. Search for the insertion element IS256 within the ica locus of Staphylococcus epidermidis clinical isolates collected from biomaterial-associated infections. Biomaterials. 25:4117–4125.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Argemi X, Prévost G, Riegel P, Keller D, Meyer N, Baldeyrou M, Douiri N, Lefebvre N, Meghit K, Oustau CR, et al. 2017. VISLISI trial, a prospective clinical study allowing identification of a new metalloprotease and putative virulence factor from Staphylococcus lugdunensis. Clin Microbiol Infect. 23:334–341.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arrecubieta C, Lee M-H, Macey A, Foster TJ, Lowy FD. 2007. SdrF, a Staphylococcus epidermidis surface protein, binds type I collagen. J Biol Chem. 282:18767–18776.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arrecubieta C, Toba FA, von Bayern M, Akashi H, Deng MC, Naka Y, Lowy FD. 2009. SdrF, a Staphylococcus epidermidis surface protein, contributes to the initiation of ventricular assist device driveline-related infections. PLoS Pathog. 5:e1000411.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Artini M, Papa R, Barbato G, Scoarughi G, Cellini A, Morazzoni P, Bombardelli E, Selan L. 2012. Bacterial biofilm formation inhibitory activity revealed for plant derived natural compounds. Bioorg Med Chem. 20:920–926.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atshan SS, Nor Shamsudin M, Sekawi Z, Lung LTT, Hamat RA, Karunanidhi A, Shueh J. 2012. Prevalence of adhesion and regulation of biofilm-related genes in different clones of Staphylococcus aureus. BioMed Res Int. 2012:1–10.
   Google Scholar
• Balaban N, Giacometti A, Cirioni O, Gov Y, Ghiselli R, Mocchegiani F, Viticchi C, Del Prete MS, Saba V, Scalise G, et al. 2003. Use of the quorum-sensing inhibitor RNAIII-inhibiting peptide to prevent biofilm formation in vivo by drug-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis. J Infect Dis. 187:625–630.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balasubramanian S, Othman EM, Kampik D, Stopper H, Hentschel U, Ziebuhr W, Oelschlaeger TA, Abdelmohsen UR. 2017. Marine sponge-derived Streptomyces sp. SBT343 extract inhibits staphylococcal biofilm formation. Frontiers Microbiol. 8:623–633.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barros EM, Lemos M, Souto-Padrón T, Giambiagi-deMarval M. 2015. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of biofilm formation in Staphylococcus haemolyticus. Curr Microbiol. 70:829–834.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beenken KE, Blevins JS, Smeltzer MS. 2003. Mutation of sarA in Staphylococcus aureus limits biofilm formation. Infect Immun. 71:4206–4211.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beenken KE, Mrak LN, Griffin LM, Zielinska AK, Shaw LN, Rice KC, Horswill AR, Bayles KW, Smeltzer MS. 2010. Epistatic relationships between sarA and agr in Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation. PLoS One. 5:e10790.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhumbra S, Mahboubi M, Blackwood RA. 2014. Staphylococcus lugdunensis: novel organism causing cochlear implant infection. Infect Dis Rep. 6:5406.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bierbaum G, Sahl HG. 2009. Lantibiotics: mode of action, biosynthesis and bioengineering. Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 10:2–18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bispo PJ, Haas W, Gilmore MS. 2015. Biofilms in infections of the eye. Pathogens. 4:111–136.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boles BR, Horswill AR. 2008. Agr-mediated dispersal of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. PLoS Pathog. 4:e1000052.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Botelho AMN, Nunes Z.dG, Asensi MD, Gomes MZR, Fracalanzza SEL, Figueiredo AMS. 2012. Characterization of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from hospital indoor air and a comparative analysis between airborne and inpatient isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis. J Med Microbiol. 61:1136–1145.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowling FL, Jude EB, Boulton AJ. 2009. MRSA and diabetic foot wounds: contaminating or infecting organisms? Curr Diab Rep. 9:440–444.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brackman G, Breyne K, De Rycke R, Vermote A, Van Nieuwerburgh F, Meyer E, Van Calenbergh S, Coenye T. 2016. The quorum sensing inhibitor hamamelitannin increases antibiotic susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms by affecting peptidoglycan biosynthesis and eDNA release. Sci Rep. 6:20321.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brady A, Loughlin R, Gilpin D, Kearney P, Tunney M. 2006. In vitro activity of tea-tree oil against clinical skin isolates of meticillin-resistant and -sensitive Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci growing planktonically and as biofilms. J Med Microbiol. 55:1375–1380.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brötz H, Sahl H-G. 2000. New insights into the mechanism of action of lantibiotics-diverse biological effects by binding to the same molecular target. J Antimicrob Chemother. 46:1–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown KL, Hancock RE. 2006. Cationic host defense (antimicrobial) peptides. Curr Opin Immunol. 18:24–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campoccia D, Baldassarri L, Pirini V, Ravaioli S, Montanaro L, Arciola CR. 2008. Molecular epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus from implant orthopaedic infections: ribotypes, agr polymorphism, leukocidal toxins and antibiotic resistance. Biomaterials. 29:4108–4116.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ceotto‐Vigoder H, Marques SLS, Santos INS, Alves MDB, Barrias ES, Potter A, Alviano DS, Bastos MCF. 2016. Nisin and lysostaphin activity against preformed biofilm of Staphylococcus aureus involved in bovine mastitis. J Appl Microbiol. 121:101–114.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cerca N, Martins S, Sillankorva S, Jefferson KK, Pier GB, Oliveira R, Azeredo J. 2005. Effects of growth in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of dicloxacillin on Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus haemolyticus biofilms. Appl Environ Microbiol. 71:8677–8682.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chandra J, Kuhn DM, Mukherjee PK, Hoyer LL, McCormick T, Ghannoum MA. 2001. Biofilm formation by the fungal pathogen Candida albicans: development, architecture, and drug resistance. J Bacteriol. 183:5385–5394.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaves F, García-Álvarez M, Sanz F, Alba C, Otero JR. 2005. Nosocomial spread of a Staphylococcus hominis subsp. novobiosepticus strain causing sepsis in a neonatal intensive care unit. J Clin Microbiol. 43:4877–4879.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheung GY, Joo HS, Chatterjee SS, Otto M. 2014. Phenol-soluble modulins-critical determinants of staphylococcal virulence. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 38:698–719.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chu VH, Miro JM, Hoen B, Cabell CH, Pappas PA, Jones P, Stryjewski ME, Anguera I, Braun S, Munoz P, et al. 2008. Coagulase-negative staphylococcal prosthetic valve endocarditis—a contemporary update based on the International Collaboration on Endocarditis: prospective cohort study. Heart. 95:570–576.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chu M, Zhang M-B, Liu Y-C, Kang J-R, Chu Z-Y, Yin K-L, Ding L-Y, Ding R, Xiao R-X, Yin Y-N, et al. 2016. Role of berberine in the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections. Sci Rep. 6:24748.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chusri S, Phatthalung PN, Voravuthikunchai S. 2012. Anti‐biofilm activity of Quercus infectoria G. Olivier against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Lett Appl Microbiol. 54:511–517.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cirioni O, Giacometti A, Ghiselli R, Bergnach C, Orlando F, Mocchegiani F, Silvestri C, Licci A, Skerlavaj B, Zanetti M, et al. 2006. Pre-treatment of central venous catheters with the cathelicidin BMAP-28 enhances the efficacy of antistaphylococcal agents in the treatment of experimental catheter-related infection. Peptides. 27:2104–2110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coates R, Moran J, Horsburgh MJ. 2014. Staphylococci: colonizers and pathogens of human skin. Future Microbiol. 9:75–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cobrado L, Silva-Dias A, Azevedo M, Pina-Vaz C, Rodrigues A. 2013. In vivo antibiofilm effect of cerium, chitosan and hamamelitannin against usual agents of catheter-related bloodstream infections. J Antimicrob Chemother. 68:126–130.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cochran WL, McFeters GA, Stewart PS. 2000. Reduced susceptibility of thin Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms to hydrogen peroxide and monochloramine. J Appl Microbiol. 88:22–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conrady DG, Brescia CC, Horii K, Weiss AA, Hassett DJ, Herr AB. 2008. A zinc-dependent adhesion module is responsible for intercellular adhesion in staphylococcal biofilms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 105:19456–19461.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corrigan RM, Rigby D, Handley P, Foster TJ. 2007. The role of Staphylococcus aureus surface protein SasG in adherence and biofilm formation. Microbiology. 153:2435–2446.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costerton J, Montanaro L, Arciola C. 2005. Biofilm in implant infections: its production and regulation. Int J Artif Organs. 28:1062–1068.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coulon F, Chronopoulou P-M, Fahy A, Païssé S, Goñi-Urriza M, Peperzak L, Acuña Alvarez L, McKew BA, Brussaard CPD, Underwood GJC, et al. 2012. Central role of dynamic tidal biofilms dominated by aerobic hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria and diatoms in the biodegradation of hydrocarbons in coastal mudflats. Appl Environ Microbiol. 78:3638–3648.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cucarella C, Solano C, Valle J, Amorena B, Lasa Í, Penadés JR. 2001. Bap, a Staphylococcus aureus surface protein involved in biofilm formation. J Bacteriol. 183:2888–2896.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cui B, Smooker PM, Rouch DA, Deighton MA. 2015. Effects of erythromycin on the phenotypic and genotypic biofilm expression in two clinical Staphylococcus capitis subspecies and a functional analysis of Ica proteins in S. capitis. J Med Microbiol. 64:591–604.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Czekaj T, Ciszewski M, Szewczyk EM. 2015. Staphylococcus haemolyticus – an emerging threat in the twilight of the antibiotics age. Microbiology (Reading, Engl). 161:2061–2068.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Da F, Joo HS, Cheung GY, Villaruz AE, Rohde H, Luo X, Otto M. 2017. Phenol-soluble modulin toxins of Staphylococcus haemolyticus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 7:206.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dastgheyb SS, Villaruz AE, Le KY, Tan VY, Duong AC, Chatterjee SS, Cheung GY, Joo H-S, Hickok NJ, Otto M. 2015. Role of phenol-soluble modulins in formation of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms in synovial fluid. Infect Immun. 83:2966–2975.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis SL, Gurusiddappa S, McCrea KW, Perkins S, Höök M. 2001. SdrG, a fibrinogen-binding bacterial adhesin of the microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules subfamily from Staphylococcus epidermidis, targets the thrombin cleavage site in the Bβ chain. J Biol Chem. 276:27799–27805.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dean SN, Bishop BM, van Hoek ML. 2011. Natural and synthetic cathelicidin peptides with anti-microbial and anti-biofilm activity against Staphylococcus aureus. BMC Microbiol. 11:114.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Benito S, Alou L, Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo R, Losa-Iglesias ME, Gómez-Lus ML, Collado L, Sevillano D. 2018. Prevalence of Staphylococcus spp. nasal colonization among doctors of podiatric medicine and associated risk factors in Spain. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 7:24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dell'Acqua G, Giacometti A, Cirioni O, Ghiselli R, Saba V, Scalise G, Gov Y, Balaban N. 2004. Suppression of drug-resistant staphylococcal infections by the quorum-sensing inhibitor RNAIII-inhibiting peptide. J Infect Dis. 190:318–320.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doherty N, Holden MT, Qazi SN, Williams P, Winzer K. 2006. Functional analysis of luxS in Staphylococcus aureus reveals a role in metabolism but not quorum sensing. J Bacteriol. 188:2885–2897.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dimitriadi D, Charitidou C, Charvalos E. 2015. Urinary tract infection due to beta-lactams-resistant Staphylococcus warneri: a case report. Int Arab J Antimicrob Agents. 4:1–4.
   Google Scholar
• Ding Y, Onodera Y, Lee JC, Hooper DC. 2008. NorB, an efflux pump in Staphylococcus aureus strain MW2, contributes to bacterial fitness in abscesses. J Bacteriol. 190:7123–7129.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donlan RM. 2002. Biofilms: microbial life on surfaces. Emerg Infect Dis. 8:881–890.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dubos RJ. 1939. Studies on a bactericidal agent extracted from a soil bacillus: I. Preparation of the agent. Its activity in vitro. J Exp Med. 70:1–10.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dunne WM, Mason EO, Kaplan SL. 1993. Diffusion of rifampin and vancomycin through a Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 37:2522–2526.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eriksen NH, Espersen F, Rosdahl VT, Jensen K. 1995. Carriage of Staphylococcus aureus among 104 healthy persons during a 19-month period. Epidemiol Infect. 115:51–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Espina L, Pagán R, López D, García-Gonzalo D. 2015. Individual constituents from essential oils inhibit biofilm mass production by multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Molecules. 20:11357–11372.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Formosa-Dague C, Speziale P, Foster TJ, Geoghegan JA, Dufrêne YF. 2016. Zinc-dependent mechanical properties of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm-forming surface protein SasG. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 113:410–415.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foulston L, Elsholz AK, DeFrancesco AS, Losick R. 2014. The extracellular matrix of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms comprises cytoplasmic proteins that associate with the cell surface in response to decreasing pH. MBio. 5:e01667–e01614.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frank DN, Feazel LM, Bessesen MT, Price CS, Janoff EN, Pace NR. 2010. The human nasal microbiota and Staphylococcus aureus carriage. PLoS One. 5:e10598.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frank KL, del Pozo JL, Patel R. 2008. From clinical microbiology to infection pathogenesis: how daring to be different works for Staphylococcus lugdunensis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 21:111–133.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frank KL, Patel R. 2007. Poly-N-acetylglucosamine is not a major component of the extracellular matrix in biofilms formed by icaADBC-positive Staphylococcus lugdunensis isolates. Infect Immun. 75:4728–4742.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frank KL, Reichert EJ, Piper KE, Patel R. 2007. In vitro effects of antimicrobial agents on planktonic and biofilm forms of Staphylococcus lugdunensis clinical isolates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 51:888–895.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fredheim EGA, Klingenberg C, Rohde H, Frankenberger S, Gaustad P, Flaegstad T, Sollid JE. 2009. Biofilm formation by Staphylococcus haemolyticus. J Clin Microbiol. 47:1172–1180.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garza-González E, Morfin-Otero R, Martínez-Vázquez MA, Gonzalez-Diaz E, González-Santiago O, Rodríguez-Noriega E. 2011. Microbiological and molecular characterization of human clinical isolates of Staphylococcus cohnii, Staphylococcus hominis, and Staphylococcus sciuri. Scand J Infect Dis. 43:930–936.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghiselli R, Giacometti A, Cirioni O, Dell'Acqua G, Mocchegiani F, Orlando F, D’Amato G, Rocchi M, Scalise G, Saba V. 2004. RNAIII-inhibiting peptide and/or nisin inhibit experimental vascular graft infection with methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 27:603–607.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giacometti A, Cirioni O, Gov Y, Ghiselli R, Del Prete MS, Mocchegiani F, Saba V, Orlando F, Scalise G, Balaban N, et al. 2003. RNA III inhibiting peptide inhibits in vivo biofilm formation by drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 47:1979–1983.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibert L, Didi J, Marlinghaus L, Lesouhaitier O, Legris S, Szabados F, Pons J-L, Pestel-Caron M. 2014. The major autolysin of Staphylococcus lugdunensis, AtlL, is involved in cell separation, stress-induced autolysis and contributes to bacterial pathogenesis. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 352:78–86.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gill SR, Fouts DE, Archer GL, Mongodin EF, DeBoy RT, Ravel J, Paulsen IT, Kolonay JF, Brinkac L, Beanan M, et al. 2005. Insights on evolution of virulence and resistance from the complete genome analysis of an early methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain and a biofilm-producing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis strain. J Bacteriol. 187:2426–2438.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giormezis N, Kolonitsiou F, Foka A, Drougka E, Liakopoulos A, Makri A, Papanastasiou AD, Vogiatzi A, Dimitriou G, Marangos M, Christofidou M. 2014. Coagulase-negative staphylococcal bloodstream and prosthetic-device-associated infections: the role of biofilm formation and distribution of adhesin and toxin genes. J Med Microbiol. 63:1500–1508.
   Google Scholar
• Gov Y, Bitler A, Dell’Acqua G, Torres JV, Balaban N. 2001. RNAIII inhibiting peptide (RIP), a global inhibitor of Staphylococcus aureus pathogenesis: structure and function analysis. Peptides. 22:1609–1620.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greco-Stewart VS, Ali H, Kumaran D, Kalab M, Rood IG, de Korte D, Ramírez-Arcos S. 2013. Biofilm formation by Staphylococcus capitis strains isolated from contaminated platelet concentrates. J Med Microbiol. 62:1051–1059.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gründling A, Missiakas DM, Schneewind O. 2006. Staphylococcus aureus mutants with increased lysostaphin resistance. J Bacteriol. 188:6286–6297.
   Google Scholar
• Guenther F, Stroh P, Wagner C, Obst U, HÄnsch GM. 2009. Phagocytosis of staphylococci biofilms by polymorphonuclear neutrophils: S. aureus and S. epidermidis differ with regard to their susceptibility towards the host defense. Int J Artif Organs. 32:565–573.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta K, Hooton TM, Stamm WE. 2001. Increasing antimicrobial resistance and the management of uncomplicated community-acquired urinary tract infections. Ann Intern Med. 135:41–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris LG, Murray S, Pascoe B, Bray J, Meric G, Mageiros L, Wilkinson TS, Jeeves R, Rohde H, Schwarz S, et al. 2016. Correction: biofilm morphotypes and population structure among Staphylococcus epidermidis from commensal and clinical samples. PLoS One. 11:e0154510.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartford O, O’Brien L, Schofield K, Wells J, Foster TJ. 2001. The Fbe (SdrG) protein of Staphylococcus epidermidis HB promotes bacterial adherence to fibrinogen. Microbiology. 147:2545–2552.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harwood M, Danielewska-Nikiel B, Borzelleca JF, Flamm GW, Williams GM, Lines TC. 2007. A critical review of the data related to the safety of quercetin and lack of evidence of in vivo toxicity, including lack of genotoxic/carcinogenic properties. Food Chem Toxicol. 45:2179–2205.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heilmann C, Hartleib J, Hussain MS, Peters G. 2005. The multifunctional Staphylococcus aureus autolysin aaa mediates adherence to immobilized fibrinogen and fibronectin. Infect Immun. 73:4793–4802.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hell E, Giske C, Nelson A, Römling U, Marchini G. 2010. Human cathelicidin peptide LL37 inhibits both attachment capability and biofilm formation of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Lett Appl Microbiol. 50:211–215.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hendry ER, Worthington T, Conway BR, Lambert PA. 2009. Antimicrobial efficacy of eucalyptus oil and 1,8-cineole alone and in combination with chlorhexidine digluconate against microorganisms grown in planktonic and biofilm cultures. J Antimicrob Chemother. 64:1219–1225.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hogan S, Zapotoczna M, Stevens NT, Humphreys H, O’Gara JP, O’Neill E. 2017. Potential use of targeted enzymatic agents in the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm-related infections. J Hospital Infect. 96:177–182.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Høiby N. 2002. Understanding bacterial biofilms in patients with cystic fibrosis: current and innovative approaches to potential therapies. J Cystic Fibrosis. 1:249–254.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hollmann A, Martínez M, Noguera ME, Augusto MT, Disalvo A, Santos NC, Semorile L, Maffía PC. 2016. Role of amphipathicity and hydrophobicity in the balance between hemolysis and peptide-membrane interactions of three related antimicrobial peptides. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 141:528–536.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoskin DW, Ramamoorthy A. 2008. Studies on anticancer activities of antimicrobial peptides. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1778:357–375.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huigens RW, Ma LY, Gambino C, Moeller PDR, Basso A, Cavanagh J, Wozniak DJ, Melander C. 2008. Control of bacterial biofilms with marine alkaloid derivatives. Mol Biosyst. 4:614–621.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huseby MJ, Kruse AC, Digre J, Kohler PL, Vocke JA, Mann EE, Bayles KW, Bohach GA, Schlievert PM, Ohlendorf DH, et al. 2010. Beta toxin catalyzes formation of nucleoprotein matrix in staphylococcal biofilms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 107:14407–14412.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ibberson CB, Parlet CP, Kwiecinski J, Crosby HA, Meyerholz DK, Horswill AR. 2016. Hyaluronan modulation impacts Staphylococcus aureus biofilm infection. Infect Immun. 84:1917–1929.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ishihara S, Yokoi S, Ito M, Kobayashi S, Deguchi T. 2001. Pathologic significance of Staphylococcus saprophyticus in complicated urinary tract infections. Urology. 57:17–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jafri H, Husain FM, Ahmad I. 2014. Antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of some essential oils and compounds against clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus. J Biomed Ther Sci. 1:65–71.
   Google Scholar
• James GA, Swogger E, Wolcott R, Pulcini E. dLancey, Secor P, Sestrich J, Costerton JW, Stewart PS. 2008. Biofilms in chronic wounds. Wound Repair Regen. 16:37–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jenkins A, Diep BA, Mai TT, Vo NH, Warrener P, Suzich J, Stover CK, Sellman BR. 2015. Differential expression and roles of Staphylococcus aureus virulence determinants during colonization and disease. MBio. 6:e02272–e02214.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jhora ST, Paul S. 2011. Urinary tract infections caused by Staphylococcus saprophyticus and their antimicrobial sensitivity pattern in young adult women. Bangladesh J Med Microbiol. 5:21–25.
   Google Scholar
• Jung CJ, Yeh CY, Shun CT, Hsu RB, Cheng HW, Lin CS, Chia JS. 2012. Platelets enhance biofilm formation and resistance of endocarditis-inducing streptococci on the injured heart valve. J Infect Dis. 205:1066–1075.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kavanaugh NL, Ribbeck K. 2012. Selected antimicrobial essential oils eradicate Pseudomonas spp. and Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. Appl Environ Microbiol. 78:4057–4061.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kiran MD, Adikesavan NV, Cirioni O, Giacometti A, Silvestri C, Scalise G, Ghiselli R, Saba V, Orlando F, Shoham M, et al. 2008. Discovery of a quorum-sensing inhibitor of drug-resistant staphylococcal infections by structure-based virtual screening. Mol Pharmacol. 73:1578–1586.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King NP, Beatson SA, Totsika M, Ulett GC, Alm RA, Manning PA, Schembri MA. 2011. UafB is a serine-rich repeat adhesin of Staphylococcus saprophyticus that mediates binding to fibronectin, fibrinogen and human uroepithelial cells. Microbiology. 157:1161–1175.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kloos WE, Schleifer KH. 1975. Isolation and characterization of staphylococci from human skin II. descriptions of four new species: Staphylococcus warneri, Staphylococcus capitis, Staphylococcus hominis, and Staphylococcus simulans1. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 25:62–79.
   Google Scholar
• Kokai-Kun JF, Chanturiya T, Mond JJ. 2009. Lysostaphin eradicates established Staphylococcus aureus biofilms in jugular vein catheterized mice. J Antimicrob Chemother. 64:94–100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krishnan S, Haglund L, Ashfaq A, Leist P, Roat T. 1996. Prosthetic valve endocarditis due to Staphylococcus saccharolyticus. Clin Infect Dis. 22:722–723.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumaran D, Kalab M, Rood I, Korte D, Ramirez‐Arcos S. 2014. Adhesion of anaerobic bacteria to platelet containers. Vox Sang. 107:188–191.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuroda M, Yamashita A, Hirakawa H, Kumano M, Morikawa K, Higashide M, Maruyama A, Inose Y, Matoba K, Toh H, et al. 2005. Whole genome sequence of Staphylococcus saprophyticus reveals the pathogenesis of uncomplicated urinary tract infection. PNAS. 102:13272–13277.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwieciński J, Eick S, Wójcik K. 2009. Effects of tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) oil on Staphylococcus aureus in biofilms and stationary growth phase. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 33:343–347.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwiecinski J, Na M, Jarneborn A, Jacobsson G, Peetermans M, Verhamme P, Jin T. 2016. Tissue plasminogen activator coating on implant surfaces reduces Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation. Appl Environ Microbiol. 82:394–401.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee J-H, Kim Y-G, Ryu SY, Lee J. 2016. Calcium-chelating alizarin and other anthraquinones inhibit biofilm formation and the hemolytic activity of Staphylococcus aureus. Sci Rep. 6:19267.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee J-H, Park J-H, Cho HS, Joo SW, Cho MH, Lee J. 2013. Anti-biofilm activities of quercetin and tannic acid against Staphylococcus aureus. Biofouling. 29:491–499.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee K, Lee JH, Kim SI, Cho MH, Lee J. 2014. Anti-biofilm, anti-hemolysis, and anti-virulence activities of black pepper, cananga, myrrh oils, and nerolidol against Staphylococcus aureus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 98:9447–9457.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis K. 2001. Riddle of biofilm resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 45:999–1007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis K. 2008. Multidrug tolerance of biofilms and persister cells. In: Romeo T, editor. Bacterial biofilms. New York: Springer; p. 107–131.
   Google Scholar
• Lina G, Etienne J, Vandenesch F. 2000. Biology and pathogenicity of staphylococci other than Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Washington (DC): Gram-positive Pathogens ASM Press; p. 450–462.
   Google Scholar
• Lin YJ, Alsad L, Vogel F, Koppar S, Nevarez L, Auguste F, Seymour J, Syed A, Christoph K, Loomis JS. 2013. Interactions between Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus within mixed species biofilms. Bios. 84:30–39.
   Google Scholar
• Liu X, Liu C, Guan N, Liu J. 2017. Long term toxicity of chelerythrine on NF-κB expression in rat pulmonary tissues. Int J Clin Exp Med. 10:11464–11471.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu Y, Ames B, Gorovits E, Prater BD, Syribeys P, Vernachio JH, Patti JM. 2004. SdrX, a serine-aspartate repeat protein expressed by Staphylococcus capitis with collagen VI binding activity. Infect Immun. 72:6237–6244.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lönn-Stensrud J, Landin MA, Benneche T, Petersen FC, Scheie AA. 2009. Furanones, potential agents for preventing Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm infections? J Antimicrob Chemother. 63:309–316.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macintosh RL, Brittan JL, Bhattacharya R, Jenkinson HF, Derrick J, Upton M, Handley PS. 2009. The terminal A domain of the fibrillar accumulation-associated protein (Aap) of Staphylococcus epidermidis mediates adhesion to human corneocytes. J Bacteriol. 191:7007–7016.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maisetta G, Grassi L, Di Luca M, Bombardelli S, Medici C, Brancatisano FL, Esin S, Batoni G. 2016. Anti-biofilm properties of the antimicrobial peptide temporin 1Tb and its ability, in combination with EDTA, to eradicate Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms on silicone catheters. Biofouling. 32:787–800.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsuo M, Sasaki N, Saga K, Kaneko T. 2005. Cytotoxicity of flavonoids toward cultured normal human cells. Biol Pharm Bull. 28:253–259.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McAuliffe O, Ross RP, Hill C. 2001. Lantibiotics: structure, biosynthesis and mode of action. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 25:285–308.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mendoza-Olazarán S, Morfin-Otero R, Rodríguez-Noriega E, Llaca-Díaz J, Flores-Treviño S, González-González GM, Villarreal-Treviño L, Garza-González E. 2013. Microbiological and molecular characterization of Staphylococcus hominis isolates from blood. PLoS One. 8:e61161.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mendoza-Olazarán S, Morfín-Otero R, Villarreal-Treviño L, Rodríguez-Noriega E, Llaca-Díaz J, Camacho-Ortiz A, González GM, Casillas-Vega N, Garza-González E. 2015. Antibiotic susceptibility of biofilm cells and molecular characterisation of Staphylococcus hominis isolates from blood. PLoS One. 10:e0144684.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minardi D, d'Anzeo G, Cantoro D, Conti A, Muzzonigro G. 2011. Urinary tract infections in women: etiology and treatment options. Int J Gen Med. 4:333.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Missineo A, Di Poto A, Geoghegan JA, Rindi S, Heilbronner S, Gianotti V, Arciola CR, Foster TJ, Speziale P, Pietrocola G. 2014. IsdC from Staphylococcus lugdunensis induces biofilm formation under low-iron growth conditions. Infect Immun. 82:2448–2459.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell J, Tristan A, Foster TJ. 2004. Characterization of the fibrinogen-binding surface protein Fbl of Staphylococcus lugdunensis. Microbiology (Reading, Engl).. 150:3831–3841.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Møretrø T, Hermansen L, Holck AL, Sidhu MS, Rudi K, Langsrud S. 2003. Biofilm formation and the presence of the intercellular adhesion locus ica among staphylococci from food and food processing environments. Appl Environ Microbiol. 69:5648–5655.
   Google Scholar
• Nilsson M, Bjerketorp J, Guss B, Frykberg L. 2004. A fibrinogen-binding protein of Staphylococcus lugdunensis. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 241:87–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nostro A, Roccaro AS, Bisignano G, Marino A, Cannatelli MA, Pizzimenti FC, Cioni PL, Procopio F, Blanco AR. 2007. Effects of oregano, carvacrol and thymol on Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms. J Med Microbiol. 56:519–523.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nostro A, Marino A, Ginestra G, Cellini L, Di Giulio M, Bisignano G. 2017. Effects of adaptation to carvacrol on Staphylococcus aureus in the planktonic and biofilm phases. Biofouling. 33:1–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nourbakhsh F, Namvar AE. 2016. Detection of genes involved in biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus isolates. GMS Hyg Infect Control. 11:1–5.
   Google Scholar
• Okuda K, Zendo T, Sugimoto S, Iwase T, Tajima A, Yamada S, Sonomoto K, Mizunoe Y. 2013. Effects of bacteriocins on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilm. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 57:5572–5579.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Toole G, Kaplan HB, Kolter R. 2000. Biofilm formation as microbial development. Annu Rev Microbiol. 54:49–79.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Otto M. 2009. Staphylococcus epidermidis – the 'accidental' pathogen. Nat Rev Microbiol. 7:555–567.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pais-Correia AM, Sachse M, Guadagnini S, Robbiati V, Lasserre R, Gessain A, Gout O, Alcover A, Thoulouze MI. 2010. Biofilm-like extracellular viral assemblies mediate HTLV-1 cell-to-cell transmission at virological synapses. Nat Med. 16:83–89.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pedroso SHSP, Sandes SHC, Luiz KCM, Dias RS, Filho RAT, Serufo JC, Farias LM, Carvalho MAR, Bomfim MRQ, Santos SG. 2016. Biofilm and toxin profile: a phenotypic and genotypic characterization of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from human bloodstream infections. Microb Pathog. 100:312–318.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pereira UA, Barbosa LC, Maltha CR, Demuner AJ, Masood MA, Pimenta AL. 2014. γ-Alkylidene-γ-lactones and isobutylpyrrol-2(5H)-ones analogues to rubrolides as inhibitors of biofilm formation by gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 24:1052–1056.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peters BM, Jabra-Rizk MA, Scheper MA, Leid JG, Costerton JW, Shirtliff ME. 2010. Microbial interactions and differential protein expression in Staphylococcus aureus–Candida albicans dual-species biofilms. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 59:493–503.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinheiro L, Brito CI, de Oliveira A, Pereira VC, de Souza MLR. 2016. Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus haemolyticus: detection of biofilm genes and biofilm formation in blood culture isolates from patients in a Brazilian teaching hospital. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 86:11–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Post V, Wahl P, Uckay I, Zimmerli W, Corvec S, Loiez C, Ochsner P, Moriarty F. 2014. Biofilm formation and molecular characterisation of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from orthopaedic implant related infections depends on type of device. Bone Joint J Ortho Proceed Supple. 96:283–283.
   Google Scholar
• Potter A, Ceotto H, Giambiagi-deMarval M, dos Santos KRN, Nes IF, Bastos MdCdF. 2009. The gene bap, involved in biofilm production, is present in Staphylococcus spp. strains from nosocomial infections. J Microbiol. 47:319–326.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pragman AA, Berger JP, Williams BJ. 2016. Understanding persistent bacterial lung infections: clinical implications informed by the biology of the microbiota and biofilms. Clin Pulm Med. 23:57–66.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Puškárová A, Bučková M, Kraková L, Pangallo D, Kozics K. 2017. The antibacterial and antifungal activity of six essential oils and their cyto/genotoxicity to human HEL 12469 cells. Sci Rep. 7:8211.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahman A, Hosaain M, Mahmud C, Paul S, Sultana S, Haque N, Kabir M, Kubayashi N. 2012. Species distribution of coagulase negative staphylococci isolated from different clinical specimens. Mymensingh Med J. 21:195–199.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rasigade J-P, Raulin O, Picaud J-C, Tellini C, Bes M, Grando J, Ben Saïd M, Claris O, Etienne J, Tigaud S, et al. 2012. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus capitis with reduced vancomycin susceptibility causes late-onset sepsis in intensive care neonates. PLoS One. 7:e31548.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raz R, Colodner R, Kunin CM. 2005. Who are you – Staphylococcus saprophyticus? Clin Infect Dis. 40:896–898.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reyes S, Huigens III RW, Su Z, Simon ML, Melander C. 2011. Synthesis and biological activity of 2-aminoimidazole triazoles accessed by Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling. Org Biomol Chem. 9:3041–3049.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richards JJ, Reyes S, Stowe SD, Tucker AT, Ballard TE, Mathies LD, Cavanagh J, Melander C. 2009. Amide isosteres of oroidin: assessment of antibiofilm activity and C. elegans toxicity. J Med Chem. 52:4582–4585.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riool M, de Breij A, Drijfhout JW, Nibbering PH, Zaat SA. 2017. Antimicrobial peptides in biomedical device manufacturing. Front Chem. 5:63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rode TM, Langsrud S, Holck A, Møretrø T. 2007. Different patterns of biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus under food-related stress conditions. Int J Food Microbiol. 116:372–383.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogers SA, Huigens RW, Melander C. 2009. A 2-aminobenzimidazole that inhibits and disperses gram-positive biofilms through a zinc-dependent mechanism. J Am Chem Soc. 131:9868–9869.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogers SA, Huigens RW, Cavanagh J, Melander C. 2010. Synergistic effects between conventional antibiotics and 2-aminoimidazole-derived antibiofilm agents. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 54:2112–2118.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rohde H, Burandt EC, Siemssen N, Frommelt L, Burdelski C, Wurster S, Scherpe S, Davies AP, Harris LG, Horstkotte MA, et al. 2007. Polysaccharide intercellular adhesin or protein factors in biofilm accumulation of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from prosthetic hip and knee joint infections. Biomaterials. 28:1711–1720.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubin RJ, Harrington CA, Poon A, Dietrich K, Greene JA, Moiduddin A. 1999. The economic impact of Staphylococcus aureus infection in New York City hospitals. Emerg Infect Dis. 5:9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruppé E, Barbier F, Mesli Y, Maiga A, Cojocaru R, Benkhalfat M, Benchouk S, Hassaine H, Maiga I, Diallo A, et al. 2009. Diversity of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec structures in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus haemolyticus strains among outpatients from four countries. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 53:442–449.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sadovskaya I, Vinogradov E, Flahaut S, Kogan G, Jabbouri S. 2005. Extracellular carbohydrate-containing polymers of a model biofilm-producing strain, Staphylococcus epidermidis RP62A. Infect Immun. 73:3007–3017.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saising J, Dube L, Ziebandt A-K, Voravuthikunchai SP, Nega M, Götz F. 2012. Activity of gallidermin on Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 56:5804–5810.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Savage VJ, Chopra I, O'Neill AJ. 2013. Staphylococcus aureus biofilms promote horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 57:1968–1970.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaeffer CR, Woods KM, Longo GM, Kiedrowski MR, Paharik AE, Büttner H, Christner M, Boissy RJ, Horswill AR, Rohde H, Fey PD. 2014. Accumulation-associated protein (Aap) enhances Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation under dynamic conditions and is required for infection in a rat catheter model. Infect Immun. 83:214–226.
   Google Scholar
• Schommer NN, Christner M, Hentschke M, Ruckdeschel K, Aepfelbacher M, Rohde H. 2011. Staphylococcus epidermidis uses distinct mechanisms of biofilm formation to interfere with phagocytosis and activation of mouse macrophage-like cells 774A.1. Infect Immun. 79:2267–2276.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz K, Syed AK, Stephenson RE, Rickard AH, Boles BR. 2012. Functional amyloids composed of phenol soluble modulins stabilize Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. PLoS Pathog. 8:e1002744.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shah A, Mond J, Walsh S. 2004. Lysostaphin-coated catheters eradicate Staphylococccus aureus challenge and block surface colonization. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 48:2704–2707.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh R, Ray P, Das A, Sharma M. 2010. Penetration of antibiotics through Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms. J Antimicrob Chemother. 65:1955–1958.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slany M, Oppelt J, Cincarova L. 2017. Formation of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm in the presence of sub-lethal concentrations of disinfectants: a transcriptomic analysis using RNA-seq. Appl Environ Microbiol. : 83(24):pii: e01643–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soldera J, Nedel WL, Cardoso PRC, d'Azevedo PA. 2013. Bacteremia due to Staphylococcus cohnii ssp. urealyticus caused by infected pressure ulcer: case report and review of the literature. Sao Paulo Med J. 131:59–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song Z, Borgwardt L, Høiby N, Wu H, Sørensen TS, Borgwardt A. 2013. Prosthesis infections after orthopedic joint replacement: the possible role of bacterial biofilms. Orthop Rev. 5:e14.
   Google Scholar
• Soto S, Smithson A, Horcajada JP, Martinez JA, Mensa JP, Vila J. 2006. Implication of biofilm formation in the persistence of urinary tract infection caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Clin Microbiol Infect. 12:1034–1036.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart EJ, Payne DE, Ma TM, VanEpps JS, Boles BR, Younger JG, Solomon MJ. 2017. Effect of antimicrobial and physical treatments on growth of multispecies staphylococcal biofilms. Appl Environ Microbiol. 83:e03483–e03416.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stowe SD, Richards JJ, Tucker AT, Thompson R, Melander C, Cavanagh J. 2011. Anti-biofilm compounds derived from marine sponges. Mar Drugs. 9:2010–2035.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Su Z, Peng L, Worthington RJ, Melander C. 2011. Evaluation of 4,5-disubstituted-2-aminoimidazole-triazole conjugates for antibiofilm/antibiotic resensitization activity against MRSA and Acinetobacter baumannii. ChemMedChem. 6:2243–2251.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sued BPR, Pereira PMA, Faria YV, Ramos JN, Binatti VB, Santos KRNd, Seabra SH, Hirata Júnior R, Vieira VV, Mattos-Guaraldi AL, et al. 2017. Sphygmomanometers and thermometers as potential fomites of Staphylococcus haemolyticus: biofilm formation in the presence of antibiotics. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 112:188–195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• System NNIS. 2004. National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) System Report, data summary from January 1992 through June 2004, issued October 2004. Am J Infect Control. 32:470.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szabados F, Mohner A, Kleine B, Gatermann SG. 2013. Staphylococcus saprophyticus surface-associated protein (Ssp) is associated with lifespan reduction in Caenorhabditis elegans. Virulence. 4:604–611.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szczuka E, Grabska K, Kaznowski A. 2015a. In vitro activity of Rifampicin combined with daptomycin or tigecycline on Staphylococcus haemolyticus biofilms. Curr Microbiol. 71(2):184–189.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szczuka E, Jabłońska L, Kaznowski A. 2016. Coagulase-negative staphylococci: pathogenesis, occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes and in vitro effects of antimicrobial agents on biofilm-growing bacteria. J Med Microbiol. 65:1405–1413.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szczuka E, Krzymińska S, Kaznowski A. 2016. Clonality, virulence and the occurrence of genes encoding antibiotic resistance among Staphylococcus warneri isolates from bloodstream infections. J Med Microbiol. 65:828.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szczuka E, Telega K, Kaznowski A. 2015b. Biofilm formation by Staphylococcus hominis strains isolated from human clinical specimens. Folia Microbiol. 60:1–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takahashi T, Satoh I, Kikuchi N. 1999. NOTE phylogenetic relationships of 38 taxa of the genus Staphylococcus based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Int J Syst Bacteriol. 49:725–728.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tan TY, Ng SY, Ng WX. 2006. Clinical significance of coagulase-negative staphylococci recovered from nonsterile sites. J Clin Microbiol. 44:3413–3414.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tevell S, Hellmark B, Nilsdotter-Augustinsson Å, Söderquist B. 2017. Staphylococcus capitis isolated from prosthetic joint infections. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 36:115–122.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trentin DS, Giordani RB, Zimmer KR, da Silva AG, da Silva MV, dos Santos Correia MT, Baumvol IJR, Macedo AJ. 2011. Potential of medicinal plants from the Brazilian semi-arid region (Caatinga) against Staphylococcus epidermidis planktonic and biofilm lifestyles. J Ethnopharmacol. 137:327–335.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trentin DS, Silva DB, Frasson AP, Rzhepishevska O, da Silva MV, Pulcini EL, James G, Soares GV, Tasca T, Ramstedt M. 2015. Natural green coating inhibits adhesion of clinically important bacteria. Sci Rep. 5:82–87.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valour F, Rasigade JP, Trouillet-Assant S, Gagnaire J, Bouaziz A, Karsenty J, Lacour C, Bes M, Lustig S, Benet T, et al. 2015. Delta-toxin production deficiency in Staphylococcus aureus: a diagnostic marker of bone and joint infection chronicity linked with osteoblast invasion and biofilm formation. Clin Microbiol Infect. 21:568-e1.
   Google Scholar
• van Belkum A. 2006. Staphylococcal colonization and infection: homeostasis versus disbalance of human (innate) immunity and bacterial virulence. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 19:339–344.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Mee-Marquet N, Achard A, Mereghetti L, Danton A, Minier M, Quentin R. 2003. Staphylococcus lugdunensis infections: high frequency of inguinal area carriage. J Clin Microbiol. 41:1404–1409.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Der Zwet WC, Debets-Ossenkopp YJ, Reinders E, Kapi M, Savelkoul PH, Van Elburg RM, Hiramatsu K, Vandenbroucke-Grauls CM. 2002. Nosocomial spread of a Staphylococcus capitis strain with heteroresistance to vancomycin in a neonatal intensive care unit. J Clin Microbiol. 40:2520–2525.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Griethuysen A, Van Loo I, Van Belkum A, Vandenbroucke-Grauls C, Wannet W, Van Keulen P, Kluytmans J. 2005. Loss of the mecA gene during storage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. J Clin Microbiol. 43:1361–1365.
   Google Scholar
• von Eiff C, Peters G, Heilmann C. 2002. Pathogenesis of infections due to coagulase-negative staphylococci. Lancet Infect Dis. 2:677–685.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vuong C, Gerke C, Somerville GA, Fischer ER, Otto M. 2003. Quorum-sensing control of biofilm factors in Staphylococcus epidermidis. J Infect Dis. 188:706–718.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walsh S, Shah A, Mond J. 2003. Improved pharmacokinetics and reduced antibody reactivity of lysostaphin conjugated to polyethylene glycol. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 47:554–558.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang X, Yao X, Zhu ZA, Tang T, Dai K, Sadovskaya I, Flahaut S, Jabbouri S. 2009. Effect of berberine on Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 34:60–66.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wenzel RP, Edmond MB. 2001. The impact of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections. Emerg Infect Dis. 7:174.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westblom TU, Gorse GJ, Milligan TW, Schindzielorz AH. 1990. Anaerobic endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus saccharolyticus. J Clin Microbiol. 28:2818–2819.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westgate S, Percival S, Knottenbelt D, Clegg P, Cochrane C. 2011. Microbiology of equine wounds and evidence of bacterial biofilms. Vet Microbiol. 150:152–159.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Widerström M, Wiström J, Sjöstedt A, Monsen T. 2012. Coagulase-negative staphylococci: update on the molecular epidemiology and clinical presentation, with a focus on Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 31:7–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Worlitzsch D, Rintelen C, Böhm K, Wollschläger B, Merkel N, Borneff ‐Lipp M, Döring G. 2009. Antibiotic-resistant obligate anaerobes during exacerbations of cystic fibrosis patients. Clin Microbiol Infect. 15:454–460.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu X, Yu C, Wang X. 2009. A case of Staphylococcus saccharolyticus pneumonia. Int J Infect Dis. 13:e43–e46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu L, Li H, Vuong C, Vadyvaloo V, Wang J, Yao Y, Otto M, Gao Q. 2006. Role of the luxS quorum-sensing system in biofilm formation and virulence of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Infect Immunity. 74:488–496.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang X, Huang N. 2013. Berberine induces selective apoptosis through the AMPK mediated mitochondrial/caspase pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Med Rep. 8:505–510.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yao Y, Sturdevant DE, Otto M. 2005. Genomewide analysis of gene expression in Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms: insights into the pathophysiology of S. epidermidis biofilms and the role of phenol-soluble modulins in formation of biofilms. J Infect Dis. 191:289–298.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yao Y, Vuong C, Kocianova S, Villaruz AE, Lai Y, Sturdevant DE, Otto M. 2006. Characterization of the Staphylococcus epidermidis accessory-gene regulator response: quorum-sensing regulation of resistance to human innate host defense. J Infect Dis. 193:841–848.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeagley AA, Su Z, McCullough KD, Worthington RJ, Melander C. 2013. N-Substituted 2-aminoimidazole inhibitors of MRSA biofilm formation accessed through direct 1,3-bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)guanidine cyclization. Org Biomol Chem. 11:130–137.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yokoi K-j, Kuzuwa S, Iwasaki S-I, Yamakawa A, Taketo A, Kodaira K-I. 2016. Aureolysin of Staphylococcus warneri M accelerates its proteolytic cascade, and participates in biofilm formation. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 1238–1242.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yousefi M, Pourmand MR, Fallah F, Hashemi A, Mashhadi R, Nazari-Alam A. 2016. Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation in urinary tract infection. Iran J Public Health. 45:485.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zapotoczna M, McCarthy H, Rudkin JK, O’gara JP, O’neill E. 2015. An essential role for coagulase in Staphylococcus aureus biofilm development reveals new therapeutic possibilities for device-related infections. J Infect Dis. 212:1883–1893.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zarin MA, Wan HY, Isha A, Armania N. 2016. Antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic potential of condensed tannins from Leucaena leucocephala hybrid-Rendang. Food Sci Hum Wellness. 5:65–75.
   Google Scholar
• Zheng Z, Stewart PS. 2002. Penetration of rifampin through Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 46:900–903.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar