71
Views
41
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Structure property relations in short-fiber reinforced plastics

Pages 419-450 | Published online: 25 Oct 2006

Articles Reviewed

  • Biggs , W. D. 1966 . “ Theoretical background ” . In Composite Maferials , Edited by: Holliday , L. 47 New York : Elsevier .
  • Chen , P. E. 1971 . Strength properties of discontinuous fiber composites . Polym. Eng. Sci. , 11 : 51
  • Flom , D. G. February 1967 . High strength. high modulus, whisker reinforced plastic composites February , Wright-Patterson AFB Tech. report AFML-TR-66-362
  • Halpin , J. C. , Jerina , K. and Whitney , J. M. 1971 . Laminate analogy for 2- or 3-dimensional composite materials . J. Comp. Muter. , 5 : 36
  • Halpin , J. C. 1969 . Stiffness and expansion estimates for oriented short fiber composites . J. Comp. Mater. , 3 : 732
  • Halpin , J. C. and Pagano , N. J. 1969 . The laminate approximation for randomly oriented fibrous composites . J. Comp. Mater. , 3 : 720
  • Halpin , J. C. and Pagano , N. J. Consequences of environmentally induced dilation in solids . Proceedings of the Sixth Annual Meeting, Society of Engineering Science . New York : Springer-Verlag .
  • Jerina , K. L. and Halpin , J. C. 1972 . Strength of molded discontinuous fiber composites . Proceedings of the Sixth St. Louis Symposium on Composite Materials in Engineering Design . May 1972 . American Society for Metals . in press. Also appears as AFML-TR-72-148, Air Force Materials Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, October 1972
  • Kelly , A. 1966 . “ Fibre reinforcement ” . In Strong Solids , Oxford : Clarendon Press . Ch. 5
  • Lavengood , R. E. 1972 . Strength of short-fiber reinforced composites . Polym. Eng. Sci. , 12 : 48
  • Lee , L. H. 1969 . Strength-coinposition relationships of random short glass fiber thermoplastic composites . Polym. Eng. Sci. , 9 : 213
  • Lees , J. K. 1968 . A study of the tensile modulus of short fiber reinforced plastics . Polym. Eng. Sci. , 8 : 186
  • Lewis , T. B. Ribbon reinforcements in composite materials . Proceedings of the 25th Annual Technical Conference . pp. 1 New York : The Society of the Plastics Industry . Sect. 8-D
  • Nielsen , L. E. 1967 . Mechanical properties of particulate-filled systems . J. Comp. Mater. , 1 : 100
  • Nielson , L. E. 1970 . Generalized equation for the elastic moduli of composite materials . J. Appl. Phys. , 41 : 4626

References

  • Hill , R. 1965 . Theory of mechanical properties of fibre-strengthened materials: III. Self-consistent model . J. Mech. Phys. Solids , 13 : 189
  • Hermanns , J. J. 1967 . The elastic properties of fiber reinforced materials when the fibers are aligned . Proc. K. Ned. Akad. Wet. Ser. B Phys. Sci. , B70 : 1
  • Hashin , Z. and Rosen , B. W. 1964 . The elastic moduli of fiber-reinforced materials . J. Appl. Mech., Trans. ASME , 31 : 233
  • Kurshin , L. M. and Filshtinskii , L. A. 1961 . Determination of reduced elastic moduli of an isotropic plane weakened by a doubly-periodic array of circular holes . Izv. Akad. Nauk, SSSR, Mekh. Tverdogo Tela , 6 : 110 (Russian)
  • Van Fo Fy , G. A. 1965 . On the equations connecting the stresses and strains in glass-reinforced plastics . Prik. Mekh , 1 ( 2 ) : 110 (Russian)
  • Asnton , J. E. , Halpin , J. C. and Petit , P. H. 1969 . Primer on Composite Materials: Analysis , Stamford, Conn. : Technomic .
  • Halpin , J. C. 1969 . Stiffness and expansion estimates for oriented short fiber composites . J. Comp. Mater. , 3 : 732
  • Tsai , S. W. and Pagano , N. J. 1968 . “ Invariant properties of composite materials ” . In Composite Materials Workshop , Edited by: Tsai , S. W. , Halpin , J. C. and Pagano , N. J. 233 Stamford, Conn. : Technomic .
  • Foye , R. L. 1972 . The transverse Poisson's ratio of composites . J. Comp. Mater. , 6 : 293
  • Nielsen , L. E. 1970 . Generalized equation for the elastic moduli of composite materials . J. Appl. Phys. , 41 : 4626
  • Nielsen , L. E. 1969 . Dynamic mechanical properties of filled polymers . Appl. Polym. Symp. , 12 : 249
  • Halpin , J. C. and Pagano , N. J. 1969 . The laminate approximation for randomly oriented fibrous composites . J. Comp. Mater. , 3 : 720
  • Halpin , J. C. , Jerina , K. and Whitney , J. M. 1971 . Laminate analogy for 2 or 3-dimensional composite mater . J. Comp. Mater. , 5 : 36
  • Nielsen , L. E. and Chen , P. E. 1968 . Youngs modulus of composites filled with randomly oriented fibers . J. Mater. , 3 : 352
  • Lees , J. K. 1968 . A study of the tensile modulus of short fiber reinforced plastics . Polym. Eng. Sci. , 8 : 186
  • Lee , L. H. 1969 . Strength-composition relationships of random short glass fiber thermoplastic composites . Polym. Eng. Sci , 9 : 213
  • Nielsen , L. E. 1967 . Mechanical properties of particulate-filled systems . J. Comp. Mater. , 1 : 100
  • Kerner , E. H. 1956 . The elastic and thermo-elastic properties of composite media . Proc. Phys. Soc. , 69B : 808
  • Kenyon , A. S. and Duffey , H. J. 1970 . Properties of a particulate-filled polymer . Polym. Kng. Sci. , 7 : 1
  • Lavengood , R. E. and Goettler , L. A. May 1971 . Stiffness of non-aligned fiber reinforced composites , May , Monsanto/ Washington University ARPA/ONR Assoc. . HPC 71–141, to be published
  • Christensen , R. M. and Waals , F. M. 1972 . Effective stiffness of randomly oriented fibre composites . J. Comp. Mater. , 6 : 518
  • Rosen , B. W. and Shu , L. S. 1971 . On some symmetry conditions for three dimensional fibrous composites . J. Comp. Mater. , 5 : 279
  • Foye , R. L. 1966 . Structural composites Quarterly Progress Report No. 2, AFML Contract AF33 (613)-5150
  • Chen , P. E. and Nielsen , L. E. 1969 . Mechanical properties of tape composites . Kolloid-Z. Z. Polym , 235 : 1174
  • Halpin , J. C. and Thomas , R. L. 1968 . Ribbon reinforcement of composites . J. Comp. Mater. , 2 : 488
  • Humphrey , R. A. 1967 . “ Shaped glass fibers ” . In Modern Composite Materials , Edited by: Broutman , L. J. and Krock , R. H. Reading, Mass. : Addison-Wesley . Ch. 12
  • Lewis , T. B. Ribbon reinforcements in composite materials . Proceedings of the 25th Annual Technical Conference . pp. I New York : The Society of the Plastics Industry . Sect. 8-D
  • Halpin , J. C. and Pagano , N. J. Consequences of environmentally induced dilation in solids . Proceedings of the Sixth Annual Meeting . New York : Society of Engineering Science, Springer-Verlag .
  • Schapery , R. A. 1968 . Thermal expansion coefficients of composite materials based on energy principles . J. Comp. Mater. , 2 : 380
  • Fahmy , A. A. and Ragi , A. N. 1970 . Thermal expansion of graphite-epoxy composites . J. Appl. Phys. , 41 : 5112
  • Turner , P. S. 1946 . Thermal expansion stresses in reinforced plastics . J. Res. Nat. Bur. Stand. , : 239
  • Thomas , J. P. Effect of inorganic fillers on coefficient of thermal expansion of polymeric materials , U.S. Dept of Commerce, National Technical Information Service . General Dynamics, Ft. Worth, Tex., AD287–826
  • Cox , H. L. 2952 . The elasticity and strength of paper and other fibrous materials . Br. J. Appl. Phys. , 3 : 72
  • Dow , N. F. 1963 . Study of stresses near a discontinuity in a filament-reinforced composite metal General Electric report R635D61
  • Rosen , B. W. 1965 . “ Mechanics of composite strengthening ” . In Fiber Composite Materials , Metals Park, Oh. : American Society for Metals . Ch. 3.
  • Cottrell , A. H. 1964 . Strong solids . Proc. Roy. Soc., Series A , 282A : 2
  • Kelly , A. 1966 . “ Fibre reinforcement ” . In Strong Solids , Oxford : Clarendon Press . Chap. 5.
  • Kelly , A. and Tyson , W. R. 1965 . Tensile properties of fibre reinforced metals: copper/tungsten and copper/molybdenum . J. Mech. Phys. Solids , 13 : 329
  • Kelly , A. and Davies , G. J. 1965 . The principles of the fibre reinforcement of metals . Metallurgical Rer. , 10 : 1
  • Biggs , W. D. 1966 . “ Theoretical background ” . In Composite Materials , Edited by: Holliday , L. 47 New York : Elsevier .
  • Outwater , J. O. Jr. 1956 . The mechanics of plastics reinforcement in tension . Mod. Plast. , 33 : 156
  • Flom , D. G. February 1967 . High strength, high modulus, whisker reinforced plastic composites , February , Wright-Patterson AFB . Tech. report AFML-TR-66–362
  • Klein , M. J. and Metcalfe , A. G. October 1971 . Effect of interfaces in metal matrix composites on mechanical properties , October , Wright-Patterson AFB . Tech. report AFML-TR-71–189
  • Lees , J. K. 1968 . A study of the tensile strength of short fiber reinforced plastics . Polym. Eng. Sci. , 8 : 195
  • Chen , P. E. and Lavengood , R. E. Stress fields around multiple inclusions . Proceedings of the International Conference on Structure, Solid Mechanics, and Engineering Design in Civil Engineering Materials . Edited by: Te'eni , M. pp. 75 New York : Interscience . Part 1
  • Chen , P. E. 1971 . Strength properties of discontinuous fiber composites . Polym. Eng. Sci. , 11 : 51
  • Barker , R. M. and MacLaughlin , T. F. 1971 . Stress concentrations near a discontinuity in fibrous composites . J. Comp. Mater. , 5 : 492
  • Riley , V. R. 1968 . Fibre/fibre interaction . J. Comp. Mater. , 2 : 436
  • Lockett , F. J. Strength of composites with discontinuous reinforcement . Proceedings of the Conference on the Properties of Fibre Composites . England : IPC Science and Technology Press .
  • Jackson , P. W. and Cratchley , D. 1966 . The effect of fibre orientations on the tensile strength of fibre-reinforced metals . J. Mech. Phys. Solids , 14 : 49
  • Lewis , T. B. and DiBenedetto , A. T. Effects of adhesion and orientation on the mechanical properties of graphite composites . Proceedings of the International Conference on Carbon Fibres, Their Composites and Applications . London : The Plastics Institute .
  • Dimmick , J. and Abrahams , M. 1969 . Prediction of composite properties from fibre and matrix properties . Composites , 1 : 87
  • Lavengood , R. E. 1972 . Strength of short-fiber reinforced composites . Polym. Eng. Sci. , 12 : 48
  • Jerina , K. L. and Halpin , J. C. Strength of molded discontinuous fiber composites . Proceedings of the Sixth St. Louis Symposium on Composite Materials in Engineering Design . May . American Society for Metals . in press. Also appears as AFML-TR-72–148, Air Force Materials Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, October 1972
  • Petit , P. H. and Waddoups , M. E. 1969 . A method of predicting the nonlinear behavior of laminated composites . J. Comp. Mater. , 3 : 2
  • Tsai , S. W. and Wu , E. M. 1971 . A general theory of strength for anisotropic materials . J. Comp. Mater. , 5 : 58
  • Kenyon , A. S. 1968 . Role of the interface in glass-epoxy composites . J. Colloid Interfac. Sci. , 27 : 761
  • Bostwick , R. and Carey , R. H. 1950 . Filled polyethylene compounds . Ind. Eng. Chem. , 42 : 848
  • Warrick , E. L. and Lauterbur , P. C. 1955 . Filler phenomena in silicone rubber . Ind. Eng. Chem. , 47 : 486
  • Smith , T. L. 1959 . Volume changes and dewetting in glass bead-polyvinyl chloride elastomeric composites under large deformation . Trans. Soc. Rheol. , 3 : 113
  • McKee , A. W. 1962 . Study of the effects of fillers in compounding plastics flooring . SPE J. , 18 : 186
  • Furter , W. F. 1964 . Filled linear polyethylene composites . Can. J. Chem. Eng. , 42 : 77
  • Frissell , W. J. 1956 . Effect of fillers in polyethylene . Plast. Technol. , 2 : 723
  • Narkis , M. and Nicolais , L. 1971 . Stress-strain behavior of SAN/glass bead composites above the glass transition temperature . J. Appl. Polym. Sci. , 15 : 469
  • Nicholas , T. and Freudenthal , A. M. 1968 . The effect of filler on the mechanical properties of an elastomer at high strain rates . Rheol. Acta , 7 : 174
  • Cohan , L. H. and Spielman , R. 1948 . Inorganic pigments in natural and synthetic rubber . Ind. Eng. Chem. , 40 : 2204
  • Alter , H. 1965 . Filler particle size and mechanical properties of polymers . J. Appl. Polym. Sci. , 9 : 1525
  • Kuhlmann , H. W. , Wolter , F. and Mueller , E. R. 1965 . The effect of filler particle-size distribution in epoxy casting formula . Trans. SPE , 5 : 101
  • Martin , P. I. A. 1965 . Some effects of fineness of whiting tillers in PVC compounds . Br. Plast. , 38 : 95
  • Schwarzl , F. R. , Bree , H. W. and Nederve , C. J. Mechanical properties of highly filled elastomers . Proceedings of the Fourth International Congress on Rheology . pp. 241 New York : Interscience . 1. Relationship between filler characteristics, shear moduli, and tensile properties, Part 3
  • Nielsen , L. E. 1966 . Simple theory of stress-strain properties of filled polymers . J. Appl. Polym. Sci. , 10 : 97
  • Bueche , F. 1960 . Molecular basis for the Mullins' effect . J. Appl. Polym. Sci. , 4 : 107
  • Vanderbilt , B. M. and Jaruzelski , J. J. 1962 . The bonding of fillers to thermosetting resins . Ind. Eng. Chem., Prod. Res. Develop. , 1 : 188
  • Sterman , S. and Marsden , J. G. 1966 . The effect of silane coupling agents in improving the properties of filled or reinforced thermoplastics . Polym. Eng. Sci. , 6 : 97
  • Ziemianski , L. P. , Pagano , C. A. and Ranney , M. W. 1970 . Silanes in elastomers; new route to high performance pigmented products . Rubber World , 163 ( 1 ) : 53
  • Bryant , K. C. and Bisset , D. C. 1957 . Behavior of highly-filled rubber vulcanizates . Rubber Chem. Technol. , 30 : 610
  • Sabia , R. and Eirich , F. R. 1964 . Viscoelastic behavior of plasticized polyvinyl chloride at large deformations. III. The effect of filler . J. Polym. Sci. , A2 : 1909
  • Farris , R. J. and Bills , K. W. 1964 . Dilatation of granular filled elastomers under high rates of shear . J. Appl. Polym. Sci. , 8 : 25
  • Farris , R. J. 1968 . The character of the stress-strain function for highly filled elastomers . Trans. Soc. Rheol. , 12 : 303
  • Farris , R. J. 1968 . The influence of vacuole formation on the response and failure of filled elastomers . Trans. Soc. Rheol. , 12 : 315
  • Sahu , S. and Broutman , L. J. 1972 . Mechanical properties of particulate composites . Polym. Eng. Sci. , 12 : 91
  • Nicolais , L. and Narkis , M. 1971 . Stress-strain behavior of styrene-acrylonitrile/glass bead composites in the glassy region . Polym. Eng. Sci. , 11 : 194
  • Lavengood , R. E. , Nicolais , L. and Narkis , M. 1971 . A deformational mechanism in particulate filled glassy polymers , Springfield, Va. : U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Technical Information Service . AD891254, U.S. Government Res. and Develop. Reports
  • DiBenedetto , A. T. and Trachte , K. 1970 . The Brittle Fracture of Amorphous Thermoplastic Polymers . J. Appl. Polym. Sci. , 14 : 2249
  • Parry , H. L. and Hewitt , R. W. 1957 . Effect of fillers in epoxy resins . Ind. Eng. Chem. , 49 : 1103
  • Larson , G. P. 1958 . Kaolinite fractions, their effect on physical properties of reinforced plastics . Mod. Plast. , 35 ( 9 ) : 157
  • Sands , A. G. , Clark , R. C. and Kohn , E. J. 1966 . Microparticles and fiber reinforcement of epoxy resins , Springfield, Va. : U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Technical Information Service . AD640054, U.S. Government Res. and Develop. Reports
  • Strauch , O. R. 1969 . Spherical glass fillers . SPE J. , 25 ( 9 ) : 38
  • Ishai , O. and Bodner , S. R. 1970 . Limits of linear viscoelasticity and yield of a filled and unfilled epoxy resin . Trans. Soc. Rheol. , 14 : 253
  • Cole , L. F. and Mulvaney , W. P. 1967 . Strength properties of epoxy composites and castings . Mod. Plast. , 44 ( 10 ) : 151
  • Chamis , C. C. 1969 . Failure criteria for filamentary composites , ASTM STP-460 336
  • Levenetz , B. 1965 . Micromechanics - compressive properties of fiber-reinforced composites , Springfield, Va. : U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Technical Information Service . AD478878, U.S. Government Res. and Develop. Reports
  • Dow , N. F. and Rosen , B. W. 1966 . Structural efficiency of orthotropic cylindrical shells subjected to axial compression . Am. Institute Aeronautics Astronautics J. , 4 : 481
  • Herrmann , L. R. , Mason , W. E. and Chan , S. T. K. 1967 . Response of reinforcing wires to compressive states of stress . J. Comp. Mater. , 1 : 212
  • Petker , I. 1965 . The influence of resin strength and defects on the interlaminar shear strength of filament-wound composites . Trans. SPE , 5 : 49
  • Paul , J. T. Jr. and Thomson , J. B. 1965 . Importance of voids in the filament wound structure . Mod. Plast. , 43 ( 4 ) : 145
  • Sands , A. G. , Clark , R. C. and Kohn , E. J. 1967 . Microvoids in glass-filament wound structures: Their measurement, minimization, and correlation with interlaminar sheer strength , Springfield, Va. : U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Technical Information Service . AD651294, U.S. Government Res. and Develop. Reports
  • Bascom , W. D. and Romans , J. B. 1968 . Microvoids in glass-resin composites . Ind. Eng. Chem., Prod. Res. Develop. , 7 : 172
  • Gruver , R. M. 1956 . Springfield, Va. : U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Technical Information Service . Investigation of flake laminate prepared by Linden Laboratories, Inc., AD103538, U.S. Government Res. and Develop. Reports
  • Aclin , J. J. 1960 . Investigation of glass flake laminates , Springfield, Va. : U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Technical Information Service . AD233969, U.S. Government Res. and Develop. Reports
  • Suffredini , L. P. and Stevens , D. W. 1960 . Establishment of the potential of flake reinforced composites as engineering structural materials , Springfield, Va. : U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Technical Information Service . AD265929, U.S. Government Res. and Develop. Reports
  • Suffredini , L. P. 1961 . Establishment of the potential of flake reinforced composites as engineering structural materials , Springfield, Va. : U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Technical Information Service . AD265192, U.S. Government Res. and Develop. Reports
  • Bradstreet , S. W. 1964 . Principles affecting high strength-to-density composites with fibers or flakes , Springfield, Va. : U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Technical Information Service . AD603308, U.S. Government Res. and Develop. Reports
  • Podawer , G. E. and Beecher , N. 1970 . On the strength and stiffness of planar reinforced plastic resins . Polym. Eng. Sci. , 10 : 185
  • Lewis , T. B. , Hemmerly , D. and Nielsen , L. E. to be published.
  • Kardos , J. L. , McDonnell , W. L. and Raisoni , J. 1972 . Fabrication, morphology, and dynamic mechanical properties of a model composite system containing in situ-grown filler . J. Macromol Sci. Phys. , B6 : 397
  • Halpin , J. C. and Kardos , J. L. 1972 . Moduli of crystalline polymers employing composite theory . J. Appl. Phys. , 43 : 2235
  • Tjader , T. C. and Protzman , T. F. 1956 . The thermal expansion of stretched methyl/ methacrylate polymer . J. Polym. Sci. , 20 : 591
  • Halpin , J. C. and Nicolais , L. 1971 . Materiali compositii relazioni tra proprietá e struttura . Ing. Chim. Italiano , 6 : 173

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.